Modern Mindset Research Articles

From translatio to translation: the reconceptualization of translation in the Early Modern period

ABSTRACT The medieval concept of translatio was qualitatively different from our contemporary understanding of “translation”. Not only was it a much broader concept, encompassing many forms of relocation or transposition far beyond the inter-linguistic, it also implied change and adaptation to local conditions. Thus, medieval texts would mutate and shapeshift in a way that is incompatible with the modern idea that, in translation, the “meaning” should remain the same. This article argues that the transition from the medieval to the modern mindset was marked by the onset of a new semiotic theory, a new understanding of the relationship between form and meaning. Following the recovery of Hellenistic science in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the Platonic notion of the semantic invariant (or transcendental signified) gradually took over from the rhetorical attitude of embedded meaning. The dynamics involved in the shift are explored in both the secular and the sacred domains.

Commodification of Local Culture in The Development of Wayang Villages Tourism

This research aims to describe the factors driving the development of a tourism village through local culture in Kepuhsari Village. Additionally, the study seeks to depict the process of local cultural commodification in the development of Wayang Villages, Kepuhsari. The research methodology employed is qualitative, utilizing direct observation and in-depth interviews as data collection techniques. The results indicate that the development of a tourism village through local culture in Kepuhsari is influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors involve the modern mindset of the community, the availability of cultural resources, economic factors, community efforts to preserve wayang (traditional puppetry), and the creativity of the local population. On the other hand, external factors include adapting to market trends and consumer preferences, as well as support and socialization regarding tourism villages from external entities. The commodification of local culture materializes through innovations in wayang, leading to various changes in its function, form, production processes, distribution, and consumption. These innovations serve as responses to market demands and external support, creating an environment conducive to the development of Wayang Villages as a tourism destination. This research provides a deeper understanding of the dynamics of local cultural commodification in the context of tourism village development, with a focus on the specific case of Wayang Villages in Kepuhsari. The implications of these findings can serve as a foundation for more targeted policy development, supporting the preservation of local culture while stimulating economic growth through the tourism sector.

Ensorceled food: navigating domestic social power and control in early modern Malta

ABSTRACT Ensorceled Food: Social power and control in early modern Malta. If conviviality carries inherent meanings of power and control, then food activates those emotions that generate a reciprocal understanding between members of a family, a neighbourhood, and even an entire community. Consequently, food empowers individuals with the possibility of either exerting influence on, or resistance to, adverse situations. This study will provide an analysis of criminal proceedings of the tribunal of the Holy Office in early modern Malta. Inquisition cases involving love magic will form an integral part of this exploratory research. Some women ensorceled food in the hope of reversing the coercion imposed on them by their husbands. Conversely, the reaction of those who believed to have been fatturati [lit. bewitched] indicates how cursed food formed an integral part of the early modern mindset.

Determining Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Young Workers: Insights from Vietnam

Objective - The organizational behavior of the young workforce in a country currently in a period of golden population structure like Vietnam has been a controversial topic for domestic and foreign business owners. This study explores the relationship between job satisfaction and six factors and the impact of job satisfaction-based work effort on organizational commitment in Vietnam. Methodology/Technique – Using a sample of employees under 30 years old who have recently graduated with a modern mindset, an antecedent mediation model, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling were employed to test the research hypotheses. Findings and Novelty – The results revealed that environmental support was the most significant factor for young workers in Vietnam, followed by achievement orientation, teamwork, and work conditions. The study provides practical implications for young workers and offers suggestions for employers. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence job satisfaction and organizational commitment among young workers in Vietnam. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: J28, J29. Keywords: Job satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Vietnamese Young Workforce. Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Ho, N.H.Y; Phan, B.T; Lưu, T.M.N. (2023). Determining Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Young Workers: Insights from Vietnam, GATR-Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 11(4), 107–121. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2023.11.4(4)

Exploring Learning and Unlearning in Singing Technique (Breath)

"The future belongs to those who will never stop learning - this is a very modern mindset. Learning is a lifelong habit. It is a process, a work in progress for a lifetime. This process can have many stages and I want to explore them in this article, because becoming aware of them we can improve our knowledge and our benefits from learning. This information can be useful in pedagogy but also in the self-control of professionals, because this article is regarding the professional singer’s development, focusing on the breathing technique in singing. The society we live in is an extremely dynamic one, changes are happening faster and faster, and knowledge is a must, a continuous process that does not stop with the completion of studies. Discovering one’s own ignorance can be the start of progress. The most modern learning process admits and embraces the dynamic between learning, unlearning, and relearning - at whatever professional stage we are. The present article is not intended to be a new breathing technique proposal, nor an exposition or a debate of the multiple existing breathing techniques... but to state the main objectives of the optimal breathing of a professional singer and the possible defects that must be corrected. The focus of this article is the availability of learning, experimentation and permanent discovery of one’s own body and mind - corelating them with the functionality of the technique, under the guidance of a teacher or in the individual study of each singer - in short, an invitation to make the rehearsals much more flexibles. Keywords: learning, unlearning, relearning, singing technique, breath"

Bernard Bailyn's Barbarous Modernity

Bernard Bailyn's Barbarous Modernity

기적에 대한 신학적 이해

The traditional understanding of miracles is being challenged. As science advances and secular thinking proliferates, people become increasingly exclusive of miracles and testimonies about miracles. Recognition and acceptance of miracles depend on differences in mindset and worldview. There is a huge gap between those who lived in the pre-modern mindset and worldview and those who live in the modern mindset and worldview. On the other hand, there are differences in the ways of acknowledging and accepting miracles due to differences in civilization and culture even among people living in modern age.
 Miracle stories are much more in the past than in the present. How should we understand and interpret the miracle story of history from today's perspective? There are many miracle stories related to Jesus in the Bible. It is clear that Jesus was accepted as a miracle-worker by the people of that time. However, the ways in which modern Bible scholars acknowledge, accept, and interpret Jesus' miracles differ depending on the category of the miracle. On the one hand, Jesus' miracles are one of many things that Jesus did in his life. Miracles do not determine Jesus' identity.
 What place does miracles occupy in the contemporary theological context of the theory of ‘God’s continuous creation’? The understanding of the relationship between miracles and natural laws differs depending on how the laws of nature are defined. Science changes and evolves. When a new paradigm for understanding nature is formed, the way we understand the relationship between natural laws and miracles will change. Miracles are just one of the many variations of God’s creation. It would make more sense to approach miracles through a new understanding of God’s creation.
 An understanding of miracles requires an understanding of divine action. Traditional theological accounts of divine action are becoming increasingly less persuasive today. We live in a time when it is increasingly difficult to explain and account for God’s activity. The question of divine action posed by the problem of miracles is perhaps the challenge for the theology of our time. A new theology is called for.
 Miracles can be better understood in the Sitz im Leben of believers than in the field of science. Miracles are not a scientific problem, but a theological problem and a matter of faith.

Nietzsche, Hamsun, and Sacred Violence

This article deals with the analysis of neo-mythological and pantheistic subjects in the works of Friedrich Nietzsche and Knut Hamsun. The analytical comparison of Nietzsche’s philosophical concepts and Hamsun’s literary psychologism is poised to find an underlying understanding of human nature at the confluence of ethics and aesthetics - of goods and beauty, of evil and ugly. A precise definition of the aesthetic categories “Apollonian” and “Dionysian” is carried out based on Nietzsche’s work “The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music”. The relevance of the Dionysian culture’s phenomena is based on the Nietzschean belief in an Übermensch within the modern mindset. The concept of “Dionysus” finds its continuation in the postmodern philosophy of Georges Bataille and Maurice Blanchot, in such archaic emotional and aesthetic aspects of human essence as violence and sacrifice understood in an extremely abstract sense. The authors stress that modern culture’s interest in violence and sacrifice is rooted in Nietzsche’s idea of Dionysius in the meaning of one of the beginnings of any segment of European culture. The foundations for overcoming postmodernism in the 21st century and the subsequent development of aesthetic views can be found in an attempt to revise the foundation of European culture through rethinking the concept of Übermensch-Zarathustra-Dionysus.

Доверие к слову как политический и педагогический путь счастья от Горгия до Платона

Greek thought is particularly concrete because, in one way or another, it is connected with what can or cannot be seen by everyone, both externally and internally. Today's mindset is different: it can be compared with a two-sided medal. One side of it is the extreme subjectivity that differs significantly from the subjectivity of the sophist Protagoras who was searching for what was useful to the city through a general discussion of individual ideas on the utility. Modern subjectivists, however, do not want to discuss anything: they are only interested in what they can see, and not what others can. But most importantly, they see no point in the discussion itself: that is what brings it together with today’s nihilism. On the contrary, we cannot say that the sophist Gorgias had nothing left after the denial of Arche: words withstood, open to common view again, and they were beautiful and useful. The other side of the modern mindset is the extreme abstractionism when concepts turn out to be very distant and conceptual. However, the modern passion for visualization might potentially prove to be a productive way to a new revelation of the deepest dialectics of the visible and the invisible in both didactics and science. The antique trust in the word is also the belief in the fact that the word can show and indicate to everyone a path to and a hope for the common happiness. Our report discusses this “verbal” pedagogical and political path to the happiness of the polis both in terms of birth and evolution of this path, as well as of its relevance.

Leaving Gaia behind: The ethics of space migration in Cixin Liu’s and Neal Stephenson’s science fiction

In Cixin Liu’s trilogy Remembrance of Earth’s Past (2008–2010) and Neal Stephenson’s Seveneves (2015), the surface of planet Earth becomes uninhabitable amid global states of emergency, and central governments devise radical plans to ensure the survival of the human species. In contrast to the Old Testament, where human emancipation from nature is punished, Chinese antiquity’s narratives of large-scale engineering projects are surprisingly compatible with the modern mindset which regards nature in utilitarian terms. Contemporary science fiction does not simply inherit this techno-optimistic stance, but fleshes out possible futures that are shaped by biopolitical decisions. In Stephenson’s and Liu’s prose, the proposed escape plans only benefit small segments of the population. While such procedure is incompatible with human rights, which emphasize the value of the individual over the collective, contemporary pragmatic ethics interprets such behavior as rational. Applied to more tangible scenarios, such as our increasingly depleted livelihoods on Earth, both texts document our somewhat diminished expectations regarding the future. In a world where eating human protein is “reasonable” and its rejection merely “respectable”, the preservation of humankind in space sets in motion a return to Hobbes’s “natural state of man”.

Reading Yack while Pondering the Origins of Totalitarianism

ABSTRACT In The Longing for Total Revolution, Bernard Yack claims not to account for totalitarianism but simply to unearth a new, specifically modern mindset. Still, the problem of totalitarianism, and whatever connection it might have had with that mindset, lurks throughout his book. Yack convincingly posits a relationship between a troubling new sense of historical embeddedness and novel totalist thinking. But his sense of the range of responses to historicity proves too limited to illuminate the connection between the longing for total revolution and the advent of totalitarianism. Another look at Yack’s two culminating figures, Marx and Nietzsche, suggests a more illuminating alternative.

PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING ISLAM

This study aims to examine Islamic education in Islamic guidance and counseling, as an attempt to describe and explain the problems of education in general and Islamic education, and the relationship between Islamic education in Islamic guidance and counseling. The development of today's era greatly affects the world of education, so that in the world of education there are many new discoveries that change the mindset of educators, from a conventional mindset to a modern mindset. Islamic education is a process of preparing the younger generation to fill roles, transferring knowledge and Islamic values ​​that are aligned with human functions to do good in the world and reap the rewards in the hereafter. Guidance and counseling is an integral part of education, meaning an inseparable part, a comprehensive part, a part that infiltrates all parts of education. Islamic education places humans as the main subject and target for developing all the potential that exists in order to become a more perfect human being (insan kamil) to get a share of the world and the hereafter.

The Local Wisdom Study of Luan And Teben Concept on Balinese Ethnic Houses (Case Study: Balinese Ethnic Houses in Denpasar, Bali)

Sanga Mandala is a concept that divide the layout of lowland Balinese house into nine zones. The intersection of two main axes, the ritual axis and the natural axis, forms the concept of Sanga Mandala . These axes have two poles called hulu / luan (mountain direction) and teben (sea direction). Along with times, the realization of Sanga Mandala in the form of buildings and zoning underwent a transformation in response to the increase in household members, modern mindset of the citizen, and tendency to follow contemporary trends. Changes to the zoning system that still follow the rules of traditional Balinese architecture are zones of sacred and ritual functions. With the development of modern mindset of the citizen, we can find those phenomena in Denpasar. This study aimed at examining the meaning of luan and teben on Balinese ethnic house layout in Denpasar. There is an interesting phenomenon that relates to the meaning of luan and teben in contemporary life. This study used interpretative naturalistic research method by emphasizing the empirical aspects of sensual, ethical, emic, logical, and transcendental. The results showed that there was a pattern of meaning on luan and teben in the conception of zoning, transformation of spaces and buildings, orientation of the building mass, as well as producing a pattern of meaning in zoning and ritual functions as the most important part in the residential space layout of Balinese ethnic houses in the midst of the development of Denpasar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/lw.v12i2.4276

POLA PEMBENTUKAN PADA PERILAKU TOLERANSI BERAGAMA ANAK (Studi Kasus di LKSA Nur Hidayah Kecamatan Laweyan Kota Surakarta)

<p>This study aims to determine the formation of Nur Hidayah LKSA in fostering religious tolerance in children in the community. The theory used in this study is the social practice of Pierre Bourdieu, the formula of social parktik theory is (habitus + capital) x realm. This research is a type of qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used are (1) non-participatory observation techniques, namely data collection through nonverbal observations (2) unstructured interview techniques, asking questions jumping from time to time or from one topic to another topic (Slamet, 2006), (3) documentation study, which documented the results of interviews and then made an interview transcript of the recordings and personal notes during the study. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sample. Data validity uses source triangulation to compare data. Data analysis techniques consist of three activities that occur simultaneously, namely: data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions.</p><p>This study shows that (1) the concept of habitus can be seen through LKSA Nur Hidayah provides the formation of religious tolerance in children given through studies twice a week besides LKSA Nur Hidayah teaches about religious and social life, (2) social capital undertaken LKSA Nur Hidayah can give birth to an open attitude and accept differences, peace and tolerate the inconveniences of life. That is because between the community and LKSA Nur Hidayah trust each other, running the norms that apply in the community. LKSA Nur Hidayah frees her foster children to make friends with anyone, but still maintains her own faith and is not influenced by others, (3) cultural capital that is realized is the community invites orphanage children to mutual cooperation and children join mutual cooperation with the community, ( 4) Symbolic capital is a palebelan or assessment of others, a pretty good citizen education and has a modern mindset so that tolerance can be created between Nur Hidayah LKSA and the community, (5) economic capital is closely related to finance, the obligation of Nur Hidayah LKSA is to finance foster children's schooling and paying caregivers and holding social services.</p>

A Purposive Evolution?

A Purposive Evolution?

Book Review: Divine Sex: A Compelling Vision for Christian Relationships in a Hypersexualized Age

Divine Sex: A Compelling Vision for Christian Relationships in a Hypersexualized Age. By Jonathan Grant. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Brazos Press, 2015. 256 pp. $17.99 (paper).In Divine Sex, Jonathan Grant (rector of St. Paul's Symonds Street, in Auckland, New Zealand) outlines a conservative Protestant vision of human sexual relationships in the contemporary Western cultural context. In order to set out this vision, the book is divided into two parts. In the first part, Grant analyzes assumptions and beliefs about sex in Western society as they work themselves out in cultural practices. For example, he assesses practices like online dating and pornography as activities that both shape and express the modern mindset about sex and the nature of the human person. In the second part, Grant provides a vision for a counter-culture that forms human beings according to a set of Christian assumptions and narratives about sex and the human person. In this section he addresses the question of how Christian communities might provide a context and set of practices to offset the formation of the wider culture.Grant's accessible and sound appropriation of the work of Charles Taylor to sexual themes in Western culture is especially interesting. In particular, Grant makes much of Taylor's notions of and his discussions of the of to analyze sexual beliefs and behavior in Western culture. As Grant uses the phrase, a social imaginary is a culture's comprehensive vision for a given topic. Social imaginaries go beyond explicit and official statements to include the meaning and narrative-laden practices that are often taken for granted, even by those who engage in these practices. Grants use of Taylors language of the of refers to his description of a major theme in the modern social imaginary. The age of authenticity is a description of the uniquely modern phenomenon in which individual self-expression (authenticity) with regard to sexual behavior is taken as an ultimate value, such that any suggestion of moral guidance that might curtail sexual expression is not well received or is disregarded.Unfortunately, the second part of the book, in which Grant sets out his pastoral direction for combating the sheer force of the prevailing cultural formation of things sexual, is largely pedestrian. He advocates for the opening of spaces within church communities in which sexual matters can be discussed from within a Christian counter-narrative. He champions the importance of mentorship and discipleship of young Christians into this narrative. …

The neglected context: The growing impact of modernity on the South African population and its spiritual, economic and ecological consequences

Humanity seems to be drifting like a rudderless raft towards a cataract. The main factors are the growth of the human population, the escalation of material expectations, the exploding discrepancies between affluent and marginalised population groups and the impact of these growth processes on the natural environment. The modern claim to mastery, ownership and entitlement and its spectacular successes has led to unprecedented power without a concomitant growth in responsibility. In spiritual and cultural terms, modernity undermines all traditional certainties, values and constraints. The South African population is engulfed in a messy transition from African traditionalist, to modern and postmodern assumptions. The most reticent citizens are the least competitive and the most marginalised. The Christian faith, rooted as it is in tradition and geared to spiritual concerns, is no match for the power of the modern mindset. To regain its redemptive relevance, it needs fundamental reconceptualisations. The article closes with a few starting points for such a project.

A Critical History of Classical Chinese Philosophy (review)

Reviewed by: A Critical History of Classical Chinese Philosophy Franklin J. Woo (bio) He Zhaowu and Peng Gang. A Critical History of Classical Chinese Philosophy. Translated by Ricky Jeffrey. Beijing: New World Press, 2009. 309 pp. Paperback rmb 38, isbn 978-7-5104-0537-2. Beginning with antiquity in the pre-Qin period before the warring states were unified by Emperor Qin Shihuang (221–210 c.e.), this book gives an excellent historical overview of the different strands of contending Chinese thought of what is best for Chinese society from a Chinese perspective. The author is He Zhaowu (何兆武), professor emeritus in the Department of History at Tsinghua University, Beijing. He is assisted by Peng Gang (彭刚), an assistant professor in that same department. Ricky Jeffrey provides a reader-friendly translation in English. The author's yardstick for measuring the different strands is modernization—driven by modern science, technology, critical thinking, and creativity. As an integral member of a Marxist tradition, the author is a firm believer in the myth of progress, as opposed to a predominant Chinese view of cyclical history supported by yin/yang dynamics. For him, the long course of Chinese history did resemble a pendulum, swaying forever between peace and tumult, flourishing and decay, order and disorder, prosperity and decline, unlike the [nineteenth] century positivist historians' image of history as forever progressing headlong from worse to better. A genuine progressive outlook of history never found a proper place in the Chinese philosophy of history. (p. 159) In the intellectual history of China, He finds the beginnings of thinkers suitable for the modern age in people like Liang Qichao 梁启超 (1873–1929), whose thinking influenced nearly all scholars in China in the twentieth century; Hu Shih 胡适 (1891–1962), a leader of the new culture and May Fourth Movement; and Song Yingxing, 宋应星 (1587–1666), one of China's foremost technical experts in the seventeenth century. However, the dead weight of a history of entrenched pragmatism and preoccupation with the ethical-political-centric concerns of Confucianism, he claims, were so deeply rooted that China's progress into any new age, let alone entering the scientific revolution that occurred in Europe, could not happen. It has been said that dialogue between Chinese and Western philosophy "has yet to begin" because the assumption held by many philosophers in the West (and also in China) is that philosophy is "exclusively an Anglo-European enterprise."1 He Zhaowu seems to share this assumption as shown in his statement in distinguishing "Chinese philosophy" from "Philosophy in China": For the inquiry into its object, philosophy has to employ certain ways of thinking, i.e. its methodology. To meet such needs, people are in the habit of using some sort of manipulation, such as the metaphysical method, the dialectical method, the analytic method, the intuitive method and so on. So far as the object of [End Page 511] inquiry and their relevant method are by nature universal, the term "Chinese philosophy" can imply nothing more than "philosophy in China." (p. 9, emphasis added) However, in this work He Zhaowu does provide an important historical picture in the contours of Chinese thought and how they have contested, influenced, and been influenced by one another. His account is, therefore, a necessary and important prerequisite for (if only the beginning of) an East-West philosophical dialogue. While not entirely sharing a Eurocentric bias on philosophy, He, nevertheless, holds a secular modern mindset that is grounded in modern science and critical thought that originated in the West and that has been the predominant mode of thinking in the world and its academies for centuries. While holding firmly on to the essentially Western paradigm of modernity and modern science, He does offer a cautionary though half-hearted critique of modern science. He mentions the tendency in modern civilization that with the unprecedented success in reforming nature, people readily embraced a scientistic inclination and took science as the sole criterion of everything or reduced all values into the channel of science. (p. 201) He sees this absolutist tendency embodied in the Legalist school, undergirded by Xun Zi, who viewed human nature as basically self-seeking, and, therefore, essentially antisocial, if not, in fact, evil. Moreover...

John Steinbeck: The Postmodern Mind in the Modern Age

The John Steinbeck Who Began With The Spiritual , mystical, and symbolic To a God Unknown (1933) and ended with The Winter of Our Discontent (1961), Travels with Charlie (1962), and America and Americans (1966) was a man and a writer come full circle. Slapped around by critics with a Modern mindset, young Steinbeck staggered, bruised and discouraged, away from his early inclinations. It would be a gradual healing, but regaining his sea legs, he would launch into efforts that would be much more realistic and more to the likings of the critics and readers of what we now recognize as the last decades of the Modern era. But the Steinbeck who remained confined by that realism preferred by the Modern critics, and the pressures of his literary peers, began to emerge once more in his later life and works. This Steinbeck, however, would be disillusioned and more cynical. Still convinced in his soul that science, materialism, and a consumer attitude toward the environment carried in its flowering the seed

Ernst Cassirer's theory of myth

Ernst Cassirer viewed mythical thinking as a first step in our mental representation of the real world, but only a first step. What myth leaves out are the differentiations that lead eventually to science. To the primitive, mythically inclined mind, the world is an undifferentiated whole, the elements of which—including the mind itself—are thought to be concrete and interconnected. This means that there is no distinction between observer and observed, and that the observer sees the representations with which she constructs her picture of reality as direct apprehensions of reality, untnediated by any sensory or cognitive categories. Far as that way of thinking may seem from the modern mindset, we have only to examine commonplace political ideas to find evidence of the implicit assumption of an unmediated connection between the wishes of poltical agents and the results they intend to achieve.