Modern Geographic Information Systems Research Articles

Carbon cycle: ESP and UAV data processing approaches for forest ecosystem monitoring examples

The review article provides a comprehensive overview of modern methods and approaches for processing large volumes of observational data in the context of monitoring forest ecosystems. The article shows examples of processing various data obtained using Earth remote sensing (ERS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Particular attention is paid to assessing the carbon cycle; the practice of using machine learning methods in processing monitoring data is also discussed in detail, as they play a key role in increasing the accuracy of the resulting estimates. The article also discusses modern geographic information systems designed for complex analysis of data from various natural complexes.

THE USE OF GIS FOR ECOLOGICAL AND LANDSCAPE LAND MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

The issue of forming an analytical and informational base for management decisions in the field of land affairs is particularly relevant given the global trend of systemic social transformations. It requires active implementation of the latest information technologies. The study aims to comprehensively analyze the aspects of using geographic information systems (GIS) for ecological and landscape land management of human settlements. The research was carried out using general scientific methods of cognition: logical and structural analysis, induction and deduction, comparison, abstraction, specification, generalization, and formalization. The article investigates the basics of GIS and variations of their implementation in the field of land management. It highlights the main provisions and algorithmic structure of the process. The authors described the typical features of modern GIS technologies and their capabilities in the spheres of mapping, monitoring, and other aspects of land management. The main problems, challenges, and achievements of the GIS utilization process are considered. It has been determined that the effective utilization of GIS capabilities is a promising priority area for optimizing the land utilization system. The practical significance of the findings of this paper is manifested in the feasibility of using them in developing suitable programs to improve the efficiency of ecological and landscape land management of settlements. Also, the study's results can be used to form a universal effective model of GIS technologies application during the process of land utilization management.

Creation of a digital map for Sochi city masterplan development in the modern geoinformation system ArcGIS

Today, taking into account the development of modern geodetic and cartographic technologies, it is impossible to solve the tasks of territorial planning without using modern geographic information systems. The main tasks of GIS are the search for solutions in the field of rational use of natural resources, territorial sectoral planning, and management of the location of industry, transport, agriculture, energy, and finance. In addition, GIS systems provide control of living conditions of the population, as well as regulate the issues of mapping. The article discusses the application of modern GIS as methods of creating topographic plans. For work on creation of digital terrain models space images are used, which should be accompanied by data of territory interpretation. This allows to make sure the accuracy of information contained in cartographic open databases and to compare it with the current situation on the projected territory. To build a GIS it is necessary to use special integrated programs that allow to create, analyse, edit and present spatial data. The paper examines the process of creating a GIS using ArcGIS programme. The purpose of this paper is to study the process of creating a digital map and database with all the information of common attributes. The developed digital map is the basis for the formation of the master plan of the city. The master plan consists of an explanatory note and a set of drawings. The drawings should be made on a certain scale (1:200 - 1:2000). It is necessary to take into account natural conditions, wind rose, and other data. All objects on the drawings shall be designated with the help of conventional signs established by the relevant regulatory documents. The general plan of the city shall comply with the territorial planning documentation.

The use of GIS in renewable energy specialist’s learning

In recent years, the global trend has been to gradually shift from traditional energy sources to renewable ones, with the aim of improving the environment and preventing climate change. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are technologies that enhance the efficiency of these renewable energy resources (RER). Modern GIS provides a wide range of functionalities for the entire decision-making process. For instance, in solar power generation, GIS can address challenges such as remote monitoring of sites designated for solar power plants and evaluating their suitability. It also enables effective management of information on station operations, real-time electricity production and distribution, and planning and management of energy production resources. As GIS continues to evolve, scientists and energy professionals are discovering more applications in the RER field. However, it’s crucial to focus on training highly skilled specialists in RER to ensure GIS becomes a truly effective management tool in their professional activities. Research indicates that most student training programs in RER worldwide do not sufficiently cover GIS studies, particularly open-source software. To address this gap, the authors have developed a targeted plan for incorporating GIS into RER specialist training. The goal of this course is to familiarize future engineers with the theoretical, methodological, and technological foundations of GIS creation and operation. It also aims to help students understand the general principles of operation and acquire practical skills in using GIS to solve applied problems. The authors emphasize the importance of laboratory work, particularly using SagaGIS, to develop skills in working with raster and vector images, geospatial data analysis and decision-making, working with cartographic models and remote sensing data, and applying geoinformation methods to create structural, parametric, and thematic digital maps. The authors suggest using open GIS in training to facilitate a quality understanding for future RER specialists on the processes of creating, operating, and using GIS for real-world applications.

Monitoring of the Mosquito Vector of Dangerous Arboviruses Using the ZikaMap Web Portal

Background: The active spread of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, epidemiologically important vectors for the transmission of dangerous arboviruses, on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Region necessitates prompt analysis of the results of their monitoring using modern geographic information systems. Objective: To analyze the results of practical application of the ZikaMap web portal for tracing migration of tiger mosquitoes along the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Region in 2016–2022. Materials and methods: We used Aedes albopictus migration monitoring data for 2016–2022 from the ZikaMap web portal. Mosquito counts were taken in Novorossiysk, Anapa and Tuapse districts, and Sochi with the total of 476 objects and 2,366 stationary points examined. Results and discussion: Tiger mosquitoes were found on the territory of epidemically significant objects four times (in the years 2018–2019 and in 2021) and once (in 2017) at a distance of 500 m from them (within the flight range of the Aedes mosquito). Immediately after that, emergency local disinfestation treatment was carried out. The highest abundance of Ae. albopictus (both in absolute numbers and catch per trap per hour) during the entire study period was registered in the Central District of Sochi, with a decrease observed since 2020. Results of the annual comparative cartographic analysis for 2016–2022 indicate the expansion of the boundaries of the Ae. albopictus habitat on the territory of the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Region 122 km northwards and 83 km westwards. Conclusion: It is expedient to continue developing real-time geographic information technologies in order to optimize approaches to monitoring and assessment of the current epidemic potential of natural foci of vector-borne and zoonotic infections and to improve the efficiency of response to potential worsening of the epidemic situation.

Legal aspects of national spatial data infrastructure of Republic of Armenia

Spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a framework for collecting, storing, managing, and distributing spatial data. It is a critical component of any modern geographic information system (GIS) and is used in a wide range of applications, including land management, environmental monitoring, and emergency response. One important aspect of SDI is the legal component, which includes the laws and regulations that govern the collection, use, and sharing of spatial data. These laws and regulations can vary depending on the jurisdiction and can include issues such as data ownership, privacy and intellectual property rights. In the Republic of Armenia, with the concept of “Integrated Cadastre”, it is planned to implement and develop a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). Nevertheless, in the Republic of Armenia, not all stages of the implementation of NSDI have been developed yet, including a legal document defining the availability of data at different levels. For the implementation and effective policy development of NSDI, it is necessary to give attention to the regulation of legal relations regarding spatial data at different levels. For this purpose, we studied the legal documents related to the regulation of the field of spatial data in the Republic of Armenia, identified the contradictions and problems in the existing legal documents, which made it possible to highlight the necessary relevant legal provisions.

ПРОГРАММНО-АЛГОРИТМИЧЕСКИЙ КОМПЛЕКС ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ДИНАМИКИ АРКТИЧЕСКИХ ОЗЕР РОССИИ НА ОСНОВЕ СПУТНИКОВЫХ СНИМКОВ И ЭНТРОПИЙНО-РАНДОМИЗИРОВАННОГО ПОДХОДА

The article is devoted to the problem of predicting the evolution of thermokarst lakes in permafrost zones as intensive sources of natural emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere in the Arctic territories. Goal of the work. The purpose of the work was to consider the issues of creating a software-algorithmic complex for predicting the spatio-temporal dynamics of lakes in the Russian Arctic based on methods and algorithms of randomized machine learning. Materials and methods. For forecasting, time series of satellite measurements of the areas of thermokarst lakes in the Arctic zone of Russia and data on the average annual temperature and annual precipitation obtained on the basis of the ERA-5, ERA-Interim, etc. reanalysis systems are used for forecasting. Methods of entropy-randomized dynamics modeling are used fields of thermokarst lakes, allowing to predict changes in the areas of lakes in the Arctic zone. For the software implementation of a complex for predicting the evolution of the area of thermokarst lakes, modern geographic information systems are used. Results. The architecture of the software-algorithmic complex has been developed, based on the use of entropy-randomized modeling algorithms. The software-algorithmic forecasting complex makes it possible to train and test the model based on available historical data on the dynamics of the area of thermokarst lakes and climate changes in the Russian Arctic. Conclusion. The implementation of a software package based on the NextGIS Web geographic information system allows you to include forecasting applications in Python. The developed software package can be used in assessing and forecasting the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes, which influence changes in air temperature in the northern regions.

Application of GIS technologies for improving the content of the tourist map of Fergana province, Uzbekistan

This article contains proposals and recommendations for the creation and future development of interactive-dynamic maps of the Fergana province of the Republic of Uzbekistan through ArcGIS online software and cloud technologies. The experience of tourism geography and cartography, as well as the methodology of creating tourist maps, for creating interactive-dynamic maps, are explained. Selection of software tools for creating an interactive-dynamic tourist map using modern geographic information systems, mapping, creation of digital cartographic bases, and vectorization of the Raster MAR image with the help of manual placement of the map is shown through the MapInfo map system. A 1:750000 scale tourist map of the province was created based on the scientific results obtained on the economic and geographical features of tourism development in Fergana province. On the basis of the map, the possibility of determining the specialization of tourist regions in Fergana province and effectively using the potential of the regions has been revealed. Also, the system of marking objects displayed in the technology of creating maps, which is closely related to their content, and the principle of consistency have been preserved.

Application of orthophotomaps in land cadastre

This article is devoted to obtaining and using orthophotomaps in the land cadastre. Efficient use and monitoring of land and water resources in Uzbekistan open up a wide range of opportunities with the use of orthophotomaps obtained from aerospace images. At the same time, the effective organization of state control over land use, the introduction of modern technologies in the field, and the accounting of land resources remain insufficiently organized. In particular, in cadastral plans, the boundary description for registered land plots is inconsistent with their real site location. Therefore, at present, special attention is paid to the geodetic and cartographic support of the cadastral system on the basis of modern geographical information systems, registration of objects, design, and creation of digital maps. The study discussed the issues is the development of orthophotomaps in the land cadastre and the improvement of methods for their regular renewal using modern technologies. As a result of this study, the orthophoto maps were obtained for the Karakul district of the Bukhara region, and a cadastral map was created by vectorization.

Principles of Allocation of Special Transportation Analysis Zones

The article discusses the principles of the formation of the transportation analysis zones, taking into account special generators of trips that are understood as large objects of mass service of the population, in relation of which, the generation of trips is comparable to the generation of certain districts of the city. The conditions for the allocation of such generators in the special transportation analysis zones are considered. The methodology to form the initial data in relation to the transportation analysis zones using modern geographic information systems technologies is described. The classification of the transportation analysis zones is presented.

Flooding Hazard Assessment of Built-Up Lands Using Modern Geographic Information Systems

Introduction. The construction and operation of buildings and structures on the banks of rivers and other water reservoirs with rapidly changing water level are associated with the hazard of territories flooding and underflooding, which can lead to major material damage and even endanger the life and health of people. It’s very important to make a reliable forecast of floodable and underfloodable zones and to develop possible engineering protection measures for such territories, as well as evacuation or rescue plans for cases of emergency. In this article by the example of 2 allocated for construction potentially flooded plots in the Tuapse district of the Krasnodar region, the quantitative flooding hazard assessment is carried out based on the use of the geographic information system QGIS.Materials and methods. In the study there were used: the analysis of existing methods for assessing underflooding and flooding of territories; the long-term observation materials of the water level in rivers and of the largest floods on the studied plots; the analysis of methods of engineering protection of territories from underflooding and flooding; the hydrogeological and hydrological processes modeling using the modern geo information system QGIS; the development of recommendations for engineering protection of the built-up lands and for design of buildings’ and structures’ bases and foundations.Results. As a result of modeling of the underflooding and flooding processes of 2 plots of the prospective built-up lands of the Tuapse district of Krasnodar region in the geo information system QGIS, the boundaries of potential flooding zones and varying probability water rise levels have been identified. Graphical results of modeling in the QGIS system have been presented and graphs of flooding and underflooding levels have been plotted in given sections and along plot’s outline.Discussion and Conclusions. The boundaries of the most hazardous built-up lands have been identified and the engineering protection measures have been reasoned for them. Recommendations have been developed on design and construction of buildings and structures on the plots taking into account the forecasted hazards of underflooding and flooding.

GIS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF EROSION AND ACCUMULATION PROCESSES IN THE RIVER BED

Article deals with the use of modern GIS (geographic information system) in the study of the deformation processes in the river. The most difficult problem in obtaining information on erosion and accumulative process is rapid assessment of the process. In the researches analyzed the possibility of using GIS technologies in the assessment of deformation processes in the foothills of the river, which have a highly variable nature. This information helps to draw conclusions about changes and events in nature. Study included collection, analysis and delivery of data to users with using GIS. The deformation processes in the river bed were evaluated and analyzed using Landsat satellite data. The researches described how to achieve a quick assessment of their processes.

APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE TRAINING OF FUTURE GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS

The most important condition for training specialists in modern higher education institutions is the possession of information systems and technologies. The article highlights the relevance of training future teachers of geography via using modern geographic information systems. Informatization of society ensures the future development of science, education, production, forms a reality.
 For future teachers of geography it is important to be able to apply modern methods of information processing, use databases to develop projects based on modern geographical information systems.
 The article analyzed the importance of using software in the educational process on the example of open GIS SAGA and QGIS, the use of resources of EO Browser, Giovanni, Google (GoogleEarth). The specifics of the work of students of geographical specialties is the ability to operate with data that have geo-referenced objects, their mutual location in the territory, consistency between many factors of territorial organization. The result of such activities is a developed geographical map or system project. They demonstrate the patterns of distribution of objects or processes in the territory.
 The article identifies competency-oriented approaches in teaching future geography teachers in an information-modernized educational space. Working with open GIS SAGA during the implementation of practical tasks allows you to form general and professional competencies, soft skills – the ability to act collectively and teamwork skills.
 The importance of geographic information systems makes it necessary to increase the number of hours in student curricula. The curriculum for the training of specialists is constantly being improved by making suggestions by students, teachers, and stakeholders.

Пространственные аспекты эволюционно-генетической теории факторов производства О.В. Иншакова

The article discusses the object, subject, methodological approaches and technologies of spatial analysis, taking into account the principles of the evolutionary-genetic theory of production factors, created by Professor O.V. Inshakov. It has been established that the object of spatial analysis is a complexly structured, hierarchically ordered global economic space that corresponds to the global economic system and is formed as a result of the interaction of natural-economic and economic systems of various levels and scales. The subject of spatial analysis is the reproductive economic process as a result of the implementation of economic relations in the global economic system, which is realized as a set of cycles of factor interactions due to the sequential influence of six basic production factors on each other. These factors are unique and inimitable in every point of the real geographic space. It has been established that the monitoring of regional factors of production is currently in great demand. The purpose of monitoring production factors is to predict the future state of natural-economic and socioeconomic systems. An assessment of the prospects for socio-economic development should be carried out on the basis of a system of integral indicators characterizing the competitiveness, sustainability and security of socioeconomic development. The most important information technologies that can provide monitoring of regional factors of production and the process of making effective decisions in the field of regional and municipal government are spatial analysis technologies on the platform of modern geographic information systems (ArcGIS, MapInfo).

MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF GEOSPATIAL MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS FOR TERRITORIAL PLANNING

Context. The process of multi-criteria decision analysis for territorial planning and rational placement of spatial objects, based on modeling the properties of the territory, is considered. Objective. Development of technology for multi-criteria decision analysis for territorial planning based on the apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets and functions of geoinformation analysis. Method. An object-spatial approach to the formation of a set of alternatives and criteria is proposed, according to which the process of multicriteria decision analysis is divided into two stages: macro- and microanalysis.The macroanalysis stage involves the assessment of the ecological and socio-economic properties of the territory using geomodeling functions. The paper provides a formalized description of the macroanalysis stage, including methods for assessing the qualitative and quantitative impact of spatial objects on the properties of the territory and decomposing objects into thematic layers of criteria. At the stage of microanalysis, the ranking of alternatives is performed taking into account the chosen decision-making strategy. The method of standardization of criteria attributes using fuzzy set membership functions and the modification of the method for calculating the coefficients of relative importance (weights) of criteria, taking into account the spatial heterogeneity of the preferences of the decision maker, are considered. A comparative analysis of the methods for aggregating the estimates of alternatives according to different criteria has been carried out. A feature of the presented technology of geospatial multi-criteria decision analysis of decisions for territorial planning is the possibility of its integration into modern geographic information systems. Results. The procedure of geospatial multi-criteria decision analysis was implemented in the environment of the geographic information system ESRI ArcGIS 10.5 and was studied in solving the spatial problem of rational location of an enterprise. Conclusions. The proposed object-spatial approach to multi-criteria decision analysis makes it possible to explicitly take into account the spatial heterogeneity of geographic data, which is the result of the influence of geographic objects on the properties of the territory. The developed technology can be used to solve a wide range of problems related to determining the most rational placement of various capital construction and infrastructure facilities.

ГЕОДЕЗІЯ, КАРТОГРАФІЯ І АЕРОФОТОЗНІМАННЯ

The purpose of this work is to study the integration of sets of core reference and thematic geospatial data based on the JOIN operation of relational algebra and its interaction with geocoding of geospatial features, which is implemented in modern geographic information systems (GIS) and database management systems (hereinafter – DBMS) for the development of the national spatial data infrastructure (hereinafter – NSDI). Method. The research is based on the analysis of the possibilities of applying the theory of geospatial databases and knowledge bases, international and national harmonized standards in the field of Geographic Information/ Geomatics to solve the problem of integration of geospatial data using the operation JOIN relational algebra in object-relational database management systems (OR DBMS). Results. The paper examines the models of the Join operation of relational algebra, which underlie the geocoding of features and the creation of electronic gazetteers, and proves its effectiveness: the Join operation integrates of core reference and thematic geospatial datasets. There is a need to define the required geographic identifiers, which must be present among the attributes of the core reference and thematic geospatial datasets to perform the join. The variety of uses of the Join operation covers all possible cases that arise in their practical application. Thus, the use of the Join operation involves identifying these required geographic identifiers at the geospatial database design stage. In particular, it is expedient to determine mandatory geographical identifiers (codes) of features according to the official national systems of features classification (codification) in the relevant sectoral thematic registers, which are responsible for certain holders of thematic data in accordance with Annex 2 of the Decree of Cabinet of Ministers “The order for the functioning of the national spatial data infrastructure” of May 26, 2021, № 532. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The integration of core reference data and thematic geospatial datasets based on JOIN operation models of relational algebra and their interaction with geocoding of geospatial features is researched, which is implemented in modern GIS and DBMS for the development of national spatial data infrastructure. The research was performed on a set of core reference spatial data, namely: information on administrative-territorial units of the Cherkasy region, including their borders; the data from the statistical bulletin of the socio-economic situation of the Cherkasy region for January 2021 of the Main Department of Statistics in Cherkasy region of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine were selected as thematic data. It has been shown that relational algebra join (JOIN) operations can be used to integrate other thematic geospatial data with core reference data using geographic identifiers that contain these datasets.

Creating a Healthy Environment for Children: GIS Tools for Improving the Quality of the Social Welfare Management System.

Childhood is considered to be the most vital period for mental, physical, and social development. Even short-term deprivation of nutrition, health care, education, and affection in childhood can have long-term and irreversible negative consequences. Various social assistance programs are being launched around the world to eliminate or alleviate social problems, including those experienced by children in their immediate environment. Different solutions have been proposed around the world, but welfare systems in all countries share the following common features: social assistance is necessary and underfinanced, and social workers struggle to cope with caseloads. As a result, welfare work is stressful and not highly effective. In this study, modern Geographic Information System (GIS) tools for supporting the employees of social assistance centers (SACs) have been proposed. The data relating to welfare beneficiaries were analyzed by nonparametric kernel density estimation and divided into five datasets. The kernel density tool in ArcGIS Pro software (Esri Polska sp. z o.o., Warsaw, Poland) was used to visualize areas with a relatively high prevalence of social problems, as well as areas where the neighborhood can deliver synergistic effects. A multicriteria analysis (MCA) procedure for mapping social problems was proposed, and an algorithm was developed in the GIS environment. The generated maps deliver helpful information for supporting SAC employees, as well as monitoring, planning, and initiating preventive measures. Above all, the presented method was designed to improve living conditions by facilitating the management of welfare workers’ duties. Therefore, the proposed approach had to be effective and easy to use without an advanced knowledge of GIS tools.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ГЕОІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ ДЛЯ ВИРІШЕННЯ ЗАВДАНЬ НАВІГАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВІЙСЬК

Rapid implementation of computer and information technologies in the activities of the troops (forces) is currently taking place, namely, significant successes in the use of geographic information systems (GIS) are noted. Modern GIS in the armed forces of other countries has also found wide application in the operational training of military C2 bodies, information support of combat actions, updating topographic maps, determining the location of the position of troops and individual servicemen, as well as in other areas of military activity. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the most successful technologies and move towards their implementation. Currently, a large part of geographic information changes rapidly with time, which makes the use of traditional maps irrelevant. GIS is a software and technical complex that allows you to combine a model image of the territory with tabular information. The software and technical complex provides automated collection, processing, analysis, storage, display and distribution of spatially coordinated information. A computer system that makes it possible to edit, use, store, analyze and display graphic data in a cartographic form. GIS provide the most complete creation and timely restoration of the cartographic base. First of all, it concerns different types of cards. In addition, it is now possible to receive aerial, photographic and space images of local objects with minimal time delay, with the possibility of obtaining their specific characteristics. The speed of receiving information can only be guaranteed by a modern automated system with the possibility of documenting the provided information. The system allows you to create vector, raster and matrix maps, as well as quickly update various information about the area.

Технология извлечения геоатрибутированных сущностей для визуального представления пространственной связности объектов на основе автоматизированной генерации картосхем

This paper considers the problem of extracting geoattributed entities from natural language texts to visualize the spatial relations of geographical objects. For visualization we use the technology of automated generation of schematic maps as subject-oriented components of geographic information systems. The paper describes the information technology that allows extracting geoattributed entities from natural language texts by combining several approaches. These are the neural network approach, the rule-based approach and the approach based on the use of lexico-syntactic patterns for the analysis of natural language texts. For data visualization we propose to use automated geocoding tools in conjunction with the capabilities of modern geographic information systems. The result of this technology is a cartogram that displays the spatial relations of the objects mentioned in the text.

About the main stages in the development of the theory of analytic continuation geophysical fields and possible prospects of use in modern geographic information systems

The retrospective development of methods of analytical continuation of potential geophysical fields is considered. The possibilities of developing these methods in various directions are proposed. An example of the practical application of the method in complex geological and geophysical conditions is given