Modern Dialects Research Articles

The accusative singular of demonstratives and interrogatives in Albanian

Abstract The animate accusative singulars of ky ‘this’, ai ‘that, he’, and kush ‘who’ are këtë, atë, and kë in Tosk dialects, whereas Geg vacillates between final -ë and nasal -ã, of which the latter is limited to argument position. Geg dialects furthermore distinguish kã ‘whom?’ from kãn ‘someone’. This article surveys the dialectal evidence from modern dialects, sketches the Old Albanian situation, and discusses the linguistic history of the relevant forms.

Void Almanac: A Political-Geologic Rubbing of Nuclear Testing in Mississippi

Although classical physics states that the void lacks matter or energy, the misunderstanding of emptiness as a spatial concept extends far beyond the sciences. The essay explores the concept of empty space, debunking classical physics’ notion of voidness by delving into quantum mechanics, where energy and particles continually manifest through a site investigation of the Salmon & Sterling Nuclear Test Site (located in Lumberton, MS, USA). This revelation challenges colonial ideologies, exemplified by terra nullius, which justified empire-building by claiming certain lands devoid of inhabitants. Operating through a political-geological exploration of repetitive cycles of extraction, speculation, and vacancy at the Salmon & Sterling Site spanning from the Mesozoic Era to the present day, I scrutinize spatial constructions and their reinforcement of prevailing socio-political systems. Juxtaposed against Faulkner’s Southern Gothic literature and Sartre’s existentialism, this essay underscores a modern dialectic between spatial arrangements and anticipations of cataclysmic endings. Through a passenger-traveler account of void-encounter, I propose a reconsideration of “emptiness” through examining its broader spatio-temporal origins and implications in relation to the nuclear detonations. This perspective allows for the synthesis of the inherent paradox of this site: initially conceived from Cold War anxieties to solidify social structures, yet also harboring unpredictable and potentially mutant futures.

Entendimento, razão e os limites da dialética em Ruy Fausto

This paper explores the differences between Hegelian and Marxian dialectics in Ruy Fausto’s project to reconstitute dialectical logic. First, it considers his reading of the relationship between understanding and reason in Hegel and Marx, with priority given to the treatment of the Science of Logic and Capital. Then, it shows how Fausto’s so-called interiorizing and exteriorizing movements in Marx’s logical presentation of the forms of capital lead to a new view of the system that coincides with its critique, thus subverting the positive direction of modern dialectics and the systematicity of reason. Finally, in the light of these results, it presents Fausto’s idea of the limits of dialectics in Marx and its negative character.

The Dialectics of Modernity and Tradition: A Decolonial Critique of the University’s Role in Shaping Social Consciousness

Positioned at the intersection of reason and practical life, the study dissecs the university system’s dual role in upholding and contesting the hegemonic narratives of modernity. Through a dialectical analysis, the paper argues how universities have unconsciously perpetuated modern Western concepts of progress and rationality, often overshadowing traditional and indigenous ways of understanding. The article highlights the imperative for universities to undergo a decolonial transformation, integrating contemporary and traditional epistemologies in a dynamic synergy fostering a more encompassing and inclusive societal awareness. The article recommends that academic institutions actively integrate and value diverse epistemologies, challenging long-held Western-centric pedagogies for a more inclusive educational environment. Therefore, dissecting the nuanced interplay between modernity and tradition within universities, this study hopefully will contribute to a deeper understanding of decolonial processes in shaping more holistic and representative knowledge systems in academia.

Dialectics of Tradition and Modernity in the Architectural Landscape of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Dialectics of Tradition and Modernity in the Architectural Landscape of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Dialectics of Tradition and Modernity in the Architectural Landscape of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Dialectics of Tradition and Modernity in the Architectural Landscape of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

(Re)cartographier la Galloromania médiévale : enjeux et perspectives quarante ans après l’Atlas de Dees

Abstract The article illustrates the data geolocalisation procedure used within the project Linguistic variation in the Middle Ages as a system. Basics of a new scriptural description of the Gallo-Romance language area. It starts with some general reflections on linguistic cartography, and in particular a comparison of the characteristics and editing methods of a linguistic atlas representing modern dialect data and one representing medieval scripta data. Afterwards, we discuss the concrete challenges and perspectives within the project itself, which aims at a new carthographic representation of medieval Galloromania forty years after Anthonij Dees’ famous Atlas des formes et des constructions des chartes françaises du 13e siècle. The focus is placed on the localisation of the basic corpus, which consists in attributing more than 6,000 documents spread over the entire Gallo-Romance domain to a concrete geographical territory, but where the exact location of individual documents often poses problems that can be solved only by considering a number of criteria.

Synonymy in the Ukrainian language and the problems of surzhyk (case study of synonyms with the meaning ‘probably’)

Background. In Ukrainian, the parenthetical modifier mabut’ ‘probably’ has more than 20 synonymous constructions and thus counts among lexical units with largests sets of synonyms. At the same time, in colloquial speech, mabut’ is often replaced by navjerno, which comes from Russian. Replacement of inherited lexicon with borrowings was related to the respective language policy and political situation.Сontribution to the research field. The paper discusses the reasons that contribute to the retention of foreign elements in modern colloquial speech in the case of competition mabut’/navjerno; such studies are important from the point of view of studying the interaction between the literary language and other varieties of the national language, as well as identifying the ingredients of surzhуk.Purpose. In this paper we are going to trace the use of lexeme mabut’ in the lexicographic, literary and spoken practice of the 19–21st centuries and to clarify the reasons behind the displacement of the inherited word by a foreign one in colloquial use.Methods. Using major lexicographic works of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, corpora, materials of the Atlas of the Ukrainian Language, dialect textbooks, etc., a comparative lexicographic synchronic-diachronic analysis of the meanings of lexeme mabut’ is carried out, the geography of distribution of mabut’ and its synonyms is traced.Results. The competition between mabut’ and naverno is analysed taking into consideration all the meanings of mabut’ witnessed in dictionaries of different periods, its synonyms and attestations in the Ukrainian dialects and standard-oriented written practice. The closest synonyms in the early 20th-century dictionaries are lybon’, pevne, des’, in the Soviet-era dictionaries, respectivеly, pevno and očevydno. In the dialects, the form mabut’ prevails in the southeastern dialects with numerous phonetic variants; in the southwestern dialects lexical synonyms abound. A dialect of the Masheve village of the Chernobyl districts exhibits semantically close synonyms mabut’, vidno, može, novjerno.Discussion. Discussion. Navjerno, an element of surzhyk, in many contexts is an absolute synonym of mabut’. The use of navjerno in the early 20th century texts as a stylistic means and its attestation in the Atlas of the Ukrainian language and modern dialects are arguments for an early borrowing into Ukrainian. A great variety of phonetic variants of mabut’ and limited functional sphere of the standard language precluded entrenchment of a single standard lexical unit in everyday speech. Recent texts show that the borrowing is being supplanted by the inherited Ukrainian mabut’.

Діалектна лексика в романі Марії Матіос «Мами»

The problem raised in the article is relevant in the context of the representation of dialect vocabulary in the artistic discourse as an element of reflecting the color of the depicted territory and characters' speech, reproduction of their mentality. Despite a number of linguistic studies devoted to the functioning of dialectisms in Maria Matios’ works, the novel “Mothers” (2023) chosen for analysis has not been considered by linguists from the standpoint of the writer’s use of dialect vocabulary in it. The purpose of the article is to characterize the dialect vocabulary in the writer's novel under study as an important component of Maria Matios’ idiostyle and a sourse of the spoken language in the dialects of the southwestern dialect.
 Maria Matios’ new novel “Mothers” with the subtitle “Drama in six acts” continues the tradition of using dialect vocabulary, which was started by the writer in other prose works, presented both in footnotes (63 lexical units) and in the text of the work itself, mainly in the speech of the characters. The dialect lexemes used in the novel are diverse in terms of part-language affiliation, although verbs with different semantics dominate among them, nouns and adjectives are less common, and adverbs are much less common. At the same time, such units are representatives of a number of lexical-semantic groups, the main ones of which are LSG nomens to designate the names of actions and processes, names of persons according to various characteristics, everyday vocabulary, and abstract vocabulary.
 Analysis of a number of lexicographical works in which the lexical richness of the South-Western ethnolinguistic continuum is represented, gives grounds for asserting the presence of dialect lexemes used in the novel, and the frequent preservation of their semantics in the modern dialects of the specified area, which confirms the opinion that the writer possesses her mother tongue dialectal speech and skillfully weaves colloquial words into the linguistic fabric of the prose text
 At the same time, many other phonetic, accentuation, morphological, and phraseological dialectisms revealed in the novel under study can be used for further scientific studies of the dialect system presented in the drama in six acts. Comparative studies of other prose works by this writer are supposed to identify common and different tendencies in the use of dialect elements. The issue is topical, as this is a significant component of Maria Matios’ idiostyle which makes her works recognizabl.

The Origin of Differential Object Marking and Tripartite Alignment in Udi (East Caucasian)

AbstractThanks to the discovery in Mount Sinai Monastery of the Albanian palimpsest, which contains fragments of the Bible in an ancient form of Udi, this language has become the earliest attested member of the East Caucasian family. However, due to its long evolution in contact with unrelated languages, both old and modern Udi show many characteristics unknown to their closest relatives, including Differential Object Marking. Combined with ergative case marking, this feature results in a rare ‘tripartite alignment’. After describing the case marking of arguments in Lezgian, modern dialects of Udi and the three non‐East Caucasian languages of the area (Tat, Azeri and Armenian) showing Differential Object Marking, we examine the available Old Udi / Caucasian Albanian data, compare them with data from Old Armenian, Old Turkic and Middle Iranian, and try to assess the best candidate for the source of the Udi phenomenon in the light of what is known about its history in terms of contact and sociolinguistic dominance.

Speech reflections in Late Modern English pauper letters from Dorset

The overall aim of this article is to show that pauper letters are a valuable, but as yet largely untapped resource for historical dialectological research. Offering a case study based on 31 poor-relief applications sent by 10 individuals to parishes in Dorset between 1742 and 1834, the article aims to identify regional variation, especially as associated with Dorset and/or the Southwest of England more generally, by comparing variant spellings and morphosyntactic usages contained in the letters with features listed in modern dialect surveys (mainly Wakelin 1986; Altendorf & Watt 2008; Wagner 2008), as well as in Dorset poet William Barnes’Dissertationand the reconstruction of his idiolect by Burton (2013). It is possible to isolate 297 occurrences of 52 different phonological and morphosyntactic features in the pauper letters; 11 of these features are salient across the letter selection (i.e. represented by at least three paupers) and are suggestive of the provenance of the letters. The article also offers surprising findings such as the absence of the prototypically Southwestern fricative voicing, features unrecorded by modern synopses (e.g. unmarked possessive), and the presence of a feature (-indfor -ing) which had fallen out of common use in the fifteenth century.

Nominal Case in Christian Arabic Translations of the Gospels (9th-15th Centuries CE)

Abstract Middle Arabic is conventionally defined as existing on a spectrum between colloquial Arabic on the low end and Classical Arabic on the high end. Differences between Middle Arabic and Classical Arabic that are not attested in a modern dialect are typically treated, historically at least, as due to pseudo-correction. This is especially true of non-Classical manifestations of nominal case. In this paper, I tag all instances of alif al-tanwīn – which in Qurʾānic and Classical Arabic marks the accusative on triptotic nouns that do not end in tāʾ marbūṭa – from representative portions of the manuscripts, both vocalized and unvocalized, of 15 Christian translations of the gospels into Arabic dating from the 9th to 15th centuries CE. The data demonstrate, contrary to previous descriptions, that the majority of case inflection is written in line with Classical Arabic norms. Further, the syntactic contexts in which non-Classical case markings occur follow regular patterns, which recur with remarkable consistency across time and manuscript. Instead of originating in pseudo-corrections, I propose the differences from Classical Arabic originated in attempts by Christian scribes to represent a variety of Arabic in which a vowel merger before tanwīn resulting in a single morpheme erased the vocalic distinctions between case vowels. These syntactic contexts include nominative, genitive, and accusative ones. Since Christian Arabic differed from the varieties for which the Arabic script and subsequent vocalizations were developed to write, scribes originally varied in the degree to which they adhered to the writing conventions, with some closely adhering and others taking greater liberties in order to represent the underlying variety with greater nuance. Over time, this led to several scribal traditions for writing tanwīn in Christian manuscripts, each of which is attested among the vocalized manuscripts included in this study and discussed in detail.

VOCALISM OF THE FIRST PRESTRESSED SYLLABLEAFTER PALATALIZED CONSONANTS IN 17-TH CENTURY KOSTROMA DIALECTS

The article considers a new data of the 17 century Kostroma business style documents. Based on it, we come to a conclusion about a history of the fi rst prestressed syllable vocalism aft er palatalized consonants in North Russian Kostroma dialects, as well as discover its relationship with the stressed syllable phenomena. The results obtained are then compared with the modern dialects data in the territory considered. It turns out that in Kostroma dialects the tendency to non-high vowel neutralization in the sound [e] in the first prestressed syllable between palatalthized consonants started to take shape as early as the 17 century, which is evidenced by letter substitutions in this position. The manuscript data confirms the previous conclusions about the formation of the North Russian dialectal landscape and clarifi es the dating of the ‘ekanye’ emergence in a position before palatalized consonants. Parallelism of the phenomena in the fi rst prestressed syllable aft er palatalized consonants with the phenomena present in the stressed syllable was still present in th17 century Kostroma dialects, but nowadays it is lost in Kostroma dialects with ‘ekanye’ in the fi rst prestressed syllable in a position before palatalized or velarized consonants.

VOCALISM OF THE FIRST PRESTRESSED SYLLABLE AFTER PALATALIZED CONSONANTS IN 17TH CENTURY KOSTROMA DIALECTS

The article considers a new data of the 17th century Kostroma business style documents. Based on it, we come to a conclusion about a history of the first prestressed syllable vocalism after palatalized consonants in North Russian Kostroma dialects, as well as discover its relationship with the stressed syllable phenomena. Th e results obtained are then compared with the modern dialects data in the territory considered. It turns out that in Kostroma dialects the tendency to non-high vowel neutralization in the sound [e] in the fi rst prestressed syllable between palatalized consonants started to take shape as early as the 17th century, which is evidenced by letter substitutions in this position. The manuscript data confirms the previous conclusions about the formation of the North Russian dialectal landscape and clarifi es the dating of the ‘ekanye’ emergence in a position before palatalized consonants. Parallelism of the phenomena in the first prestressed syllable aft er palatalized consonants with the phenomena present in the stressed syllable was still present in 17th century Kostroma dialects, but nowadays it is lost in Kostroma dialects with ‘ekanye’ in the first prestressed syllable in a position before palatalized or velarized consonants.

The Impact of Dialectical Studies on the Description of the Morphological Structures


 
 
 
 Dialect constitutes an ecosystem in all languages that is by nature part of a broader and comprehensive environment that includes several dialects, each of which has its own distinct characteristics, and all of them are linked by a group of linguistic phenomena that facilitate the communication of members of these environments with each other and the understanding of what may take place from speech. It is the term Its name ((language)) is the relationship between language and dialect is the relationship between the general and the specific, as it has been proven, and in light of the above, the research has dealt with an original scientific view of issues presented in the course of the research, including:
 The view of Arab scholars to different forms of dialects.
 
 
 
 
 we can say that the interest in the dialectic lesson on the part of the Arabs stands the auditor’s position at the beginning of the study of modern dialects that appeared at the hands of the Orientalists who came to the Arab world to research its conditions and culture, and most of these studies were modest based on collecting the material and studying it in a traditional way.

The ups and downs of relative particles in German diachrony

Abstract The aim and scope of this article is to take a closer look at the functions and semantics of the three relative particles da, so, and wo, and to show that they have developed differently over a period from 1350 to 1800, continuing up to our modern dialects and the standard language. We will focus on wo because it is the only relativizer which is attested both as locative relative and as general relative clause marker, and we will propose that wo has extended its functional domain from a locative relative to a general relative marker. We will furthermore discuss if there has been a grammaticalization path “relative locative > general relative clause marker” in German diachrony or not. Finally, we will suggest that standardization processes are responsible for the different degrees of functional extension of wo attested in the historical/modern varieties and the standard language.

Dialects of the Germans of Russia and Kazakhstan

The linguistic diversity of the Germans in Russia and Kazakhstan is due to the migration of ethnic groups to the territory of the Russian Empire from the lands of Germany and subsequent migrations within the country. Some ethnic Germans use the dialect in speech, for them it is their native language, the rest of the Germans speak literary German to varying degrees, and Russian is considered their native language. Today, it is impossible to uniquely identify one native language for an ethnic group, as Germans speak different dialects of German. The purpose of the study is to determine the states of the modern dialect language of the Germans of Russia and Kazakhstan, to consider how dialects were historically spread throughout the country, and how dialects are preserved now. The article considers the territorial distribution of dialects in Russia, primarily Siberia, where the majority of Germans live, as well as the circulation of German dialects in Kazakhstan after the deportation of Germans. The central part of the article is devoted to the modern state of dialects, which are preserved primarily in places of compact settlement of Germans. The article makes use of the results of ethno-sociological surveys of Germans in Russia and Kazakhstan on the issues of dialects, and analyzes contemporary methods of preserving and translating the language. Conclusions: dialects are preserved where Germans live compactly. The author notes that there are negative trends in the process of preserving dialects, but German public organizations today solve many problems concerning dialects.

MuradIsmayilov, The Dialectics of Post‐Soviet Modernity and the Changing Contours of Islamic Discourse in Azerbaijan: Toward a Resacralization of Public Space. London: Lexington Books, 2018. 194 pp, £77 (hbk)

Nations and NationalismVolume 29, Issue 1 p. 385-386 BOOK REVIEW Murad Ismayilov, The Dialectics of Post-Soviet Modernity and the Changing Contours of Islamic Discourse in Azerbaijan: Toward a Resacralization of Public Space. London: Lexington Books, 2018. 194 pp, £77 (hbk) Osman Ercan, Osman Ercan ercanos@yahoo.com Ardahan University, TurkeySearch for more papers by this author Osman Ercan, Osman Ercan ercanos@yahoo.com Ardahan University, TurkeySearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 January 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12914 2. Murad Ismayilov, The Dialectics of Post-Soviet Modernity and the Changing Contours of Islamic Discourse in Azerbaijan: Toward a Resacralization of Public Space. London: Lexington Books, 2018. 194 pp, £77 (hbk). Reviewed by Osman Ercan (ercanos@yahoo.com), Ardahan University, Turkey. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume29, Issue1January 2023Pages 385-386 RelatedInformation

Once Again about Archaisms in Modern Greek Dialects

Modern Greek identity is heavily based on the idea of the continuity of Greek culture and the Greek language. Most specialists in Modern Greek regard Ancient Greek and Modern Greek as different stages of the same language despite multiple differences and innovations at all levels. During the 19th century, a number of European classical philologists tried to find Ancient Greek features in Modern Greek dialects. As a result, they have singled out Tsakonian as the sole dialect which descends directly from Ancient Doric Laconian but not from Hellenistic Koiné as the rest of the modern dialects. Nevertheless, it is important to point out that Tsakonian is not the only Modern Greek variety with some unique peculiarities inherited from Ancient Greek. This contribution analyzes the phenomena of the Ancient Greek origin in vocabulary, phonetics, morphology and syntax in Modern Greek dialects. The research is focused on those archaisms which exist in the dialects but are absent from Standard Modern Greek. The data was mostly collected by the author of this paper and his colleagues between 2000 and 2023. The analysis demonstrates that the majority of unique peculiarities of the Ancient Greek origin are found in Pontic and Tsakonian, although most varieties of Modern Greek have some archaisms. However, the quantity of archaisms is not a consistent indicator of the antiquity of the dialect since the history of Modern Greek dialects is still terra incognita and there is no good explanation why some dialects keep their archaisms better than the others.

Писемні памʼятки з Полісся як джерела «Словника української мови ХVІ – першої половини ХVІІ ст.»

The territorial factor in language diachrony studies is gaining more and more importance. Having appeared at a certain time in the language space, writing monuments retain their ability to be localized in it, therefore they not only become sources for studying the language at a certain synchronous level, but also create conditions for the study of language evolution. This is especially evident at the level of the language dictionary. By involving the lexical material of written monuments from a specific language (dialect) area in the historical dictionary, the lexicographer gets the opportunity to use the potential of the geographical projection of the word to determine or clarify the semantics, interpret changes in it, relying on the dictionaries of modern dialects and living speech. Genre- and structurally diverse texts from Polissia are a representative part of the source base of the «Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language of the 16th – first half of the 17th Centuries». Distinguished by relative democracy in the language expression, based mostly on the living lexicon of spoken language, these texts supplemented the register of the dictionary with uniquely fixed lexical units that have broad and understandable contexts. These are the commonly used vocabulary of the most diverse thematic groups (the names of realities from everyday life of the time are especially valuable for the dictionary), and professional names, and administrative-legal, religious, philosophical, botanical, etc. terminology. The onymicon of the vocabulary of monuments from Polissia reveals a peculiar tradition of names of persons and places, sheds light on the lingual picture of the world of the Polissia people. The more texts a lexicographer works with, the more complete the linguistic representation of the historical period will be in the register and in the illustrative part of the dictionary.