Modern Dentistry Research Articles

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННЫХ ДЕФЕКТОВ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ СО ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫМИ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯМИ ВЕРХНЕЙ ЧЕЛЮСТИ

According to epidemiological evidence, the prevalence of oncological diseases of the maxillofacial region continues to increase all over the world despite the active development of medical technologies and preventive measures. Postoperative defects of the maxillofacial region in patients with malignant neoplasms of the upper jaw are a serious pathology, since they lead to functional and cosmetic disorders, which significantly worsens the quality of life of patients and creates big problems in their social adaptation and rehabilitation. Increasing the effectiveness of prosthodontic treatment of this category of patients, which is associated with the elimination of extensive postoperative defects by dentures, remains one of the most urgent problems of modern dentistry. The aim of the study was to analyze current trends in the treatment of maxillary defects after surgery of malignant neoplasms. The results of study show that still there aren’t general methods of prosthetics, there isn’t consensus on the timing of prosthetics and the structure of the prostheses that replaces the maxillary defect.

Study of topical fluoride combined with semiconductor laser for the prevention of dental enamel caries

The prevention of dental caries is one of the main goals of modern dentistry. Other major goals include remineralization of caries, rather than the traditional "drill and fill". Remineralization is a restorative process that restores minerals and occurs daily through the presence of calcium, phosphate and fluoride in the saliva. Enamel demineralization occurs when acids produced by bacteria attack the enamel. A dynamic balance between enamel demineralization and remineralization is maintained under normal conditions, and disruption of this balance leads to progression of the lesion and eventually to cavitation formation. Fluoride plays an important role in enhancing remineralization. Topical application of fluoride is one of the most effective ways to stop or prevent dental caries. Fluoride ions can replace the hydroxyl group in hydroxyapatite, which leads to the formation of fluorapatite. The solubility of fluorapatite in acid is lower than that of hydroxyapatite. The effect of laser irradiation on the prevention of dental caries has been reported by numerous scholars. Studies have shown that when fluoride, calcium or phosphorus ions are present, laser irradiation can effectively enhance the acid resistance of tooth enamel by altering its chemical or morphological structure and promoting the remineralization process. Laser combined with fluoride has good effect and easy operation compared with other methods for caries prevention, and this paper will review the research on laser combined with fluoride in caries prevention in recent years.

Three-dimensional Computer-aided Design System used in Orthodontics and Orthognathic Surgery for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning- A Narrative Review

Three dimensional advancements in technology have made a profound impact on various fields, and dentistry, particularly the branch of orthodontics and orthognathic surgeries, which has not been exempt from this transformative influence. Among the cuttingedge technologies that have gained significant traction is Three-Dimensional (3D) printing, which has found its initial applications in orthodontics for producing dental casts. By integrating intraoral scanners, dentists now possess the remarkable ability to obtain dental impressions without subjecting patients to the discomfort associated with traditional methods. Furthermore, 3D planning techniques have emerged as a pivotal element in orthodontics, especially when striving for optimal aesthetic and occlusal outcomes. Precise treatment planning plays a vital role in ensuring successful orthognathic surgeries and other orthodontic interventions. The utilisation of 3D planning techniques facilitates the gathering of comprehensive data, thereby achieving two main objectives: an accurate diagnosis of the dentoskeletal deformity and the formulation of a treatment plan that can be faithfully replicated during the clinical procedure. Even 3D imaging technology, such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), has become an indispensable tool in dentistry. These imaging techniques provide volumetric images of a patient's facial anatomy, enabling the transformation of intricate details into precise 3D representations of the craniofacial skeleton and soft tissue layers. Consequently, this progress has led to the development of computerised resources dedicated to preoperative planning and the fabrication of surgical splints. The integration of advanced technologies, including 3D printing, 3D planning techniques, and 3D imaging technology, has revolutionised orthodontics, providing dentists with precise tools for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and ultimately, enhanced patient care. As this field continues to progress, the potential for further advancements and innovative applications utilising artificial intelligence becomes an exciting prospect in the ever-evolving landscape of modern dentistry.

Dentists ' perceptions and Methods regarding the radiographic examinations and radiation protection: A 2022 research in Thessaloniki, Greece

Background/Aim: Dentistry has made major progress due to modern advancements in radiology. It would be interesting to examine the correlation of dental science with the labor market, as well as to assess dentists' adaption to nowadays' scientific and financial circumstances. This research aims to investigate the opinions of dentists in Thessaloniki, Greece, with regard to choosing the appropriate radiographic examinations in various clinical cases, and to canvass their knowledge of radiation protection. Material and Methods: Our sample was comprised of 7% of private dentists working in the urban complex within the borders of Thessaloniki, Greece. Self-referential multiple choice questionnaires were distributed via email. For the statistical analysis, GoogleForms was utilized, and objectivity was guaranteed by ensuring participants' anonymity. Results: The replies underwent statistical analysis with the use of Google Forms, and through this process charts have been produced. Orthopantomograph is the most usual radiographic examination for new patients and for the evaluation of complications. Dentists' age and gender seem to affect their radiographic choices in everyday clinical practice. Regarding intraoral radiography, the paralleling technique is more usually applied. Moreover, the findings suggest the need for dentists' constant education on radiation protection. Last but not least, most participants choose digital intraoral radiography. Conclusions: Dentists tend to seek assistance from radiological laboratories for special radiographies, such as cone-beam computed tomography, as well as in cases of diagnostic dilemma. They also recognize digitalization's contribution to keeping health records. Consequently, clinicians' additional education, financial motives for the upgrade of radiological equipment and records' digitalization are fundamental prerequisites for modern dentistry.

EFFECTS OF PROFESSIONAL ORAL HYGIENE AND TEETH WHITENING ON THE MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION OF ENAMEL

Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of professional teeth cleaning and the substances used in modern dentistry for whitening on the microelement composition of tooth enamel. Materials and Methods: To study the morphology and microelement composition of the enamel, scanning electron microscopy was performed using the MiraLM microscope equipped with a Schottky field emission electron gun from Tescan. Results: A comparative analysis between the areas subjected to mechanical cleaning and those where it was not applied revealed a significant difference in the research results, particularly in carbon, which changed from 25.16±1.04 to 32.02±1.8. An analysis of the enamel’s chemical composition before and after whitening revealed a decrease in carbon from 45.91±1.20 to 42.46±1.74. The change in phosphorus content was determined to be from 9.77±0.39 to 9.56±0.75. A decrease in calcium from 15.96±0.64 to 15.21±1.22 and magnesium from 0.07±0.01 to 0.01±0.01 was also observed. Conclusions: Professional dental hygiene does not have a direct impact on the microelement composition of enamel, such as the levels of calcium, phosphorus, fluoride, and other microelements. However, it can have an indirect and temporary influence due to the use of abrasive materials that affect dental deposits, pellicle, and the surface layer of enamel. Teeth whitening can affect the microelement composition of enamel, but these changes are mostly temporary and associated with processes of demineralization/ remineralization and oxygenation.

ОПЫТ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ ПРИ ПОЛНОМ ОТСУТСТВИИ ЗУБОВ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ДВУХ ДЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ИМПЛАНТАТОВ

Despite the advances in modern dentistry, a steady increase in the number of patients with complete absence of teeth continues. From 30 to 70% of people need to make removable dentures. This is due to the imperfection of technologies, designs of dentures and materials for their manufacture, changing clinical conditions. The leading cause of clinical failure is poor stabilization of removable dentures on the jaws. In this regard, increasing the effectiveness of prosthetics in the absence of teeth is an urgent problem in modern dentistry. The article presents the experience of treating patients aged 60-75 years with a complete absence of teeth using two dental implants, a conditionally removable prosthesis, mechanical fasteners, and a spherical abutment. Implants of the systems Astra Tech, Nobel Biocare, Mis. We examined 33 patients aged 60-75 years, including 20 women and 13 men, with complete absence of teeth. 10 patients in the control group were made complete removable lamellar dentures. In 23 patients with severe atrophy of the alveolar processes, two dental implants were installed, followed by prosthetics according to the All-on-2 protocol. The follow-up period was 11 years. The data of the results of the observation indicated that in the control group, poor stabilization of the removable denture was registered, in three cases - its breakdown, in two patients, lesions of the oral mucosa were detected. In patients with dental implants, successful stabilization of removable dentures was noted with the preservation of the function of chewing, speech production and all articulatory relationships without damage to the oral mucosa.

Correction of metabolic changes in the tissues of oral cavity of rats using a complex of drugs under the conditions of pathological factors

Hypoxia is a typical pathological process that occurs when tissues are insufficiently supplied with oxygen or when its utilization is impaired. One of the most important pathogenetic factors in the development of tissue hypoxia is the disintegration of the structure of mitochondrial membranes which occurs under the influence of various etiological factors. In children who suffered hypoxia in the antenatal period, the frequency of developmental delays is significantly increased, and the incidence of caries is also shown to increase as compared to healthy children. Based on the above, this work is relevant for modern dentistry. The work is devoted to the study of the state of the maxillofacial system and tissues of the oral cavity of rats under the influence of the complex of drugs under the conditions of intrauterine hypoxia, cariogenic diet, thyroid insufficiency and fluorine deficiency. The subjects of the study were 25 female white rats of the Wistar line of herd breeding from the vivarium of the SE “ISMFS NAMS” kept on a standard vivarium diet. The animals were divided into three groups – intact (7 rats), pathology model (8 rats), pathology model and drug complex (8 rats). Animals were removed from the experiment under thiopental anesthesia (40 mg/kg). Lower jaws and pulp were removed. As a result of the research, it was established that the proposed treatment-prophylactic complex has a pronounced caries-prophylactic and periodontoprotective effect. The caries-preventive effectiveness of the complex was due to its ability to stimulate the mineralizing function of the dental pulp, namely, to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase of the pulp, as an indicator of the activation of osteoblasts, against the background of a decrease in the activity of acid phosphatase, a marker of osteoclasts.

How the Duration and Mode of Photopolymerization Affect the Mechanical Properties of a Dental Composite Resin.

Composite materials are the most common materials in use in modern dentistry. Over the years, the methods of photopolymerization of composite materials have been improved with the use of various devices, such as quartz tungsten halogen lamps (QTHs), light-emitting diode units (LEDs), plasma-arc lamps and argon-ion lasers. This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of a composite material, depending on the time and mode of photopolymerization. One hundred and forty rectangular specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) and forty-two disc-shaped samples (5 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) were prepared from shade A2 Boston composite resin. Samples were cured using the following seven photopolymerization protocols: four fast-cure modes (full power for 3, 5, 10, and 20 s), two pulse-cure modes (5 and 10 shots of 1 s exposures at full power), and one step-cure mode (soft start with a progressive cycle lasting 9 s). Specimens were subjected to a flexural strength test, Vickers microhardness test, and FTIR spectroscopy test. A 2-factor ANOVA and post-hoc tests were carried out to assess the differences in the flexural strength parameter between the tested groups of samples before and after aging. A mixed-model ANOVA was carried out to assess the differences in the Vickers microhardness parameter between the tested groups of samples before and after aging. The lowest values of flexural strength (p < 0.001) and Vickers microhardness (p < 0.001) were obtained for the 3 s mode for the pre- and post-aging groups. The FTIR mapping tests showed a much more homogeneous chemical structure of the composite after 20 s of continuous irradiation, compared to the sample irradiated for 5 s in the continuous mode. The mode and cure time affects the mechanical properties of the composite resin. Appropriate selection of the cure mode and time ensures better mechanical properties of composite resin. This suggests that the survival of dental restorations within the oral cavity could be extended by using longer photopolymerization durations.

The effect of the composition of Soderm®-Forte gel and the new injectable form of Rexod® on pathology findings in gingival tissue in experimental periodontitis in rats

Introduction: Periodontitis is the most important problem of modern dentistry. The development of new medicines and treatment regimens for patients with periodontal complex lesions is a strategic direction of modern pharmacology and dentistry. In this view, pride of place goes to morphological research, which allows not only to study the effect of drugs on pathomorphological changes in periodontal tissues, but also to estimate their therapeutic effectiveness. Aim of the study: to determine the nature of the effect of the composition of Soderm®-Forte gel and the new injectable form of Rexod® on the pathology findings in gingival tissue of rats with experimental periodontitis.&#x0D; Materials and methods: Experimental periodontitis (EP) was induced in rats by ligature method. The study was per­formed according to the following algorithm: animals with intact periodontium; animals with untreated EP; animals with EP treated with traditional drug therapy (TDT); animals with EP treated with combinations of TDT with Soder­m®-Forte gel and TDT with Soderm®-Forte gel and the new injectable form (NIF) of Rexod®. For pathomorphological examination, biopsy specimen was taken from the gingival margin of the lower incisors. The ImageJ software was used for computer morphometry.&#x0D; Results and discussion: Examination of the gum samples revealed moderate therapeutic effects of the TDT. The com­binations of TDT with Soderm®-Forte gel and, to a greater extent, TDT with Soderm®-Forte gel and the NIF of Rexod® showed high pharmacotherapeutic efficacy, manifested in rapid regeneration of the gingival tissues.&#x0D; Conclusion: The combination of TDT, Soderm®-Forte gel and the NIF of Rexod® shows the most beneficial effect on the pathological processes in the gum. The pharmacotherapeutic effect of the studied combination promotes the earliest regeneration of damaged gum tissues and reduces the risk of persistent pathology changes in them.

THE EFFECT OF SPECIALIZED HYGIENE PRODUCTS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SURFACE OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS USED AS THE BASES FOR REMOVABLE DENTURES

Despite the progress observed in implantology and the rapid evolution of preventive and treatment options employed to treat major dental issues, the number of patients who need prosthetics with removable dentures still remains high, with no decrease trend to be expected soon. Modern dentistry, when dealing with issues related to dentition restoration, makes full use of basic thermoplastic polymers incorporating injection molding technology, whereas the said polymers can boast of such properties as biological inertia, proper aesthetics, strength, flexibility, resistance to external effects, lightness and elasticity. The conventional techniques used for cleaning and disinfecting removable dentures made of thermoplastic polymers fail to be up to the respective advanced requirements – such dentures create environments that are favorable for adhesion and microbial colonization. Aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of the modern means used for cleaning and disinfecting removable denture structures based on thermoplastic polymers, there was a study carried out to investigate the surface of 60 experimental samples of Acry-free ® thermoplastic, including methods of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. To analyze the effect that cleaning and disinfecting agents work on the hygienic status of partially removable dentures made of thermoplastics (manufactured for 74 patients suffering from partial adentia), the Ambjornsen E. questionnaire was employed. The developed original set of preventive measures involved thorough oral hygiene activities with a manual toothbrush and mouthwash balms, as well as a consistent use of a special toothbrush and gel paste to take care of the removable dentures, followed with ultrasonic treatment and cleansing with effervescent tablets. The data of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that using the original set of preventive measures resulted in improved quality of the thermoplastic polymers surface – by 1.1 – 1.5 times, if compared with conventional hygiene and disinfection products. As the data of sociological monitoring reveal, 12 into using the developed preventive measures, over 69% of patients were satisfied with the aesthetic properties of their dentures based on thermoplastics; as for the patients sticking to the practice relying on traditional hygiene and disinfection products, the similar indicator would not exceed 25%. In order to prevent the occurrence of major dental issues, as well as to increase the useful life of dentures made of thermoplastics and used by patients with partial adentia, it is wise to employ an individual approach to the selection of preventive measures that involve specialized extra hygiene products.

Aplikimi i printimit tredimensional në terapinë protetike me implante

Titanium and titanium alloys have been used in dentistry for many years, to manufacture dental implants and other prosthetic appliances. Due to their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, they can completely replace the use of traditional alloys in modern dentistry. With the progress and development of new technologies, the three-dimensional (3D) printer was designed, namely the technology of creating three-di- mensional physical objects from digital data (CAD-CAM system). The case presented in the paper describes the way of the manufacturing of titanium-ceramic bridg- es, with the help of computer-aided design and printing (CAD-CAM).

Evaluation and Comparison of Two Different Cleaning Procedures on Mechanical Properties for Recemented Restoration Using Two Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Types: An In Vitro Study.

Background In modern dentistry, fixed dental prostheses are often the preferred and the most complex treatment procedures. However, the success of these procedures depends to a greatextent onthe durability and consistency of the ongoing reconstruction. This paper aimed to compare the shear bond characteristics of conventional glass ionomer cement types, namely, Vivaglass luting cement and GC fuji 1 cement, after being subjected to two different dentin-cleaning techniques: the tungsten carbide bur and the prophy jet. This would help determinewhether the castings that have been cleaned and recemented are just as tenacious as when they were initially placed. Methodology A total of 60 human teeth extracted due to periodontal disease were collected for this study. The teeth were cleaned and stored in a thymol arrangement after carefully removing any leftover fragile tissue. They were randomly grouped as follows: luted with Vivaglass cement (N = 30) in group A and GC fuji 1 cement (N = 30) in group B. Each group's debonded surfaces were arbitrarily split into three subgroups, with each containing 10 samples. This was done to comply with dentin-cleaning techniques for recementation. Results The intergroup bond strengths calculated were compared among the subgroups. The mean strength for subgroup IA was 2.78 ± 0.24 MPa, subgroup IB was 2.60 ± 0.30 MPa, subgroup IIA was 4.39 ± 0.19 MPa, subgroup IIB was 3.80 ± 0.23 MPa, subgroup III A was 4.52 ± 0.22 MPa, and subgroup IIIB was 3.63 ± 0.17 MPa. An analysis of variance test showed there was a significant difference between the subgroups (F = 117.60; P = 0.001). The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the subgroups. Shear bond strength testing was performed using common testing equipment. The results indicated that there was not any significant difference between the mean increases in the shear bond strength of the two luting cement types. However, the GC fuji 1 cement showed greater initial shear bond strength than the Vivaglass cement. Additionally, when the tungsten carbide bur was used as a cleaning techniquebefore recementing, itshowed greater shear bond strength compared to the prophy jet. Conclusions The initial shear bond strength of GC fuji1 (Group B) luting cement was slightly higher than that of Vivaglass (Group A), and the bond strength achieved after recementation with GC fuji 1 and surface cleaning with the carbide bur was the highest among the other three groups.

КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЕ ИМПЛАНТАТЫ — БУДУЩЕЕ ДЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИМПЛАНТОЛОГИИ

The subject of the study is the main properties of ceramic dental implants.&#x0D; Objectives. A systematic analysis of modern domestic and foreign literary sources to determine the main advantages of ceramic dental implants.&#x0D; Methodology. The study was based on the search and study of original articles on the dental implantology in the databases: Russian State Library, eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar. The main selection of materials was carried out by keywords.&#x0D; Results. Currently, dental ceramic implants are attracting more and more attention from both dentists and patients. Every year, the clinical use of ceramic implants is becoming wider. Only in Europe every year there are 3 major congresses on ceramic implantology. In many countries, the number of associations dealing with this particular topic has increased, ceramic implants have unlimited potential for clinical use.&#x0D; Numerous studies show that the clinical use of zirconium oxide implants is practically not accompanied by manifestations of peri-implantitis, and gum epithelial tissues are able to firmly and reliably attach to their surface. Zirconium forms a dense ZrO2 dioxide film on the surface with good protective properties. Zirconia is bioinert to other materials found in the oral cavity and is particularly suitable for patients who are allergic or intolerant to metals. The latest materials and techniques, which include zirconium dioxide, have important advantages, and its use as dental implants significantly increases the clinical effectiveness of treatment. Therefore, when planning dental implantation, preference should be given to zirconia implants, which will avoid the development of a negative effect of treatment on both organs and tissues of the oral cavity, and the body as a whole.&#x0D; Conclusions. The review of literature sources on the effectiveness of ceramic dental implants showed evidence-based possibilities for the clinical use of this type of implants in modern dentistry.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ХРОНИЧЕСКИХ ПЕРИОДОНТИТОВ, ОСЛОЖНЕННЫХ ФУРКАЦИОННЫМИ ДЕФЕКТАМИ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Periodontal tissue diseases remain one of the urgent problems in modern dentistry due to their high prevalence and the number of complications after treatment. The prolonged asymptomatic course of chronic forms of periodontitis causes an increase in destructive processes not only in periodontal tissues and alveolar bone, but also contributes to the resorption of cementum and root dentin, which causes the formation of bone pockets, called furcation defects. Involvement in the pathological process of the zone of divergence of the roots significantly complicates the course of the disease, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. The complexity of diagnosis, the variability of treatment methods depending on the overall clinical picture and the high percentage of tooth loss when the furcation area is involved in the pathological process determine the relevance of the research topic. Purpose: to study the features of chronic periodontitis complicated by furcation defects and to identify the main causes of these defects. Materials and Methods: the analysis of domestic and foreign publications placed in the eLibrary and PubMed databases was carried out by keywords. Results. The analysis of literature data on the features of chronic periodontitis complicated by furcation defects is carried out, the issues of the etiology of this pathology are considered. Conclusion. It is shown that the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis complicated by furcation defects is one of the important problems of dentistry, which is determined by the significant prevalence of the disease and the incidence of complications after treatment. The most common etiological factor in furcation lesions is microbial invasion, which causes an inflammatory process, the progression of which leads to bone resorption in the area of the furcation arch of the teeth. Also, the etiological factors of periodontal pathogenic genesis, endodontic lesions, fractures, iatrogenic factors, as well as anatomical features contribute to the involvement of furcation.

A marvel of modern dentistry

A marvel of modern dentistry

Comparative analysis of pink and white esthetics of anterior full veneer crown: Indian scenario.

A goal of modern dentistry is to make an esthetic outcome as one of the major modalities in dental treatment. In recent years, more emphasis has been given to esthetic parameters, especially in the anterior regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of change in pink and white esthetics scores after giving crowns in a single tooth. Subjects for this retrospective study were chosen by randomization from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 120 subjects were selected which were equally divided with respect to age and gender. The analysis was done with a photographic assessment. The study test was done using paired t-test, and the correlation was evaluated using the Chi-square test. In this study, we observed that there is an increase in pink and white esthetic scores (WES) after the prosthesis is delivered. There was a clinical and statistically significant difference seen with the WES and total score, whereas only clinical but no statistical difference was seen with the pink esthetic score. After giving crowns, there is an increase in overall esthetic score. It is important to have certain standardized indices to score esthetics by which the overall esthetic outcomes can be improved. One such popular index is the pink and white esthetic index, which scores the soft and hard tissue.

Foreword to the Special Issue on Application of Nanomaterials in Dentistry

In modern medicine and, in particular, in modern dentistry, prevention has become fundamental in every private practice [...]

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КЕРАТОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ В МЕСТНОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ БОРОДАВЧАТОЙ ФОРМЫ ВЕРРУКОЗНОЙ ЛЕЙКОПЛАКИИ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ ПОЛОСТИ РТА

Precancerous and inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa are an urgent problem of modern dentistry, due to the complexity and multifactorial pathogenesis, difficulties in diagnosis and resistance to traditional methods of treatment. Among a number of diseases particular interest is to diseases of the oral mucosa, which are accompanied by specific changes in the epithelium due to chronic inflammation, characterized by impaired keratinization processes, including hyper- and parakeratosis. Among the available arsenal of drugs and non-drug methods of exposure, including physiotherapy, there is currently no drug or combination that would lead to good clinical results in a short time, so the search for an «ideal» drug continues.&#x0D; &#x0D; In this regard, we performed a clinical and cytological assessment of the effectiveness of the use of drugs containing acid solutions with keratolytic and anti-inflammatory effects (Solkovagin and Solkoderm) in the local treatment of verrucous leukoplakia of the oral mucosa. Clinical studies have found that the use of these drugs contributes not only to the fastest (reduction of the duration of treatment time by 3 days) clinical recovery, but also ensures the normalization of cytological parameters.&#x0D; &#x0D; The results obtained allow us to recommend Solkovagin and Solkoderm for widespread use in dental practice as products for local therapy of verrucous leukoplakia of the oral mucosa.

A Comparison of Knowledge and Skills Related to Up-to-Date Implant Techniques Among Prosthodontists, Periodontists, and Oral Surgeons: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background A dental implant is used in the treatment of complete and partial edentulism. Implant application has increased significantly in modern dentistry. The anatomy, medical condition, practitioner knowledge, and surgical technique are key factors that eventually affect the overall outcome of dental implants. For a better treatment outcome for dental implants, adequate multidisciplinary communication, cooperation, and support must be achieved while considering the periodontics, prosthodontics, and oral surgery specialties. Objective This study aims to compare the knowledge and skills regarding up-to-date implant techniques among prosthodontists, periodontists, and oral surgeons in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods The data were collected from prosthodontists, periodontists, and oral surgeons working in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from April 2022 to August 2022. The targeted subjects were residents, specialists, and consultants working in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results A total of 181 dentists were surveyed in the current study. A significantly higher proportion of oral surgeons have perceived that the BTI brand (BTI Biotechnology Institute, Álava, Spain) had a high load torque before screw fracture (p = 0.025). Periodontists had significantly higher knowledge levels related to the technique with the lowest marginal bone loss (p = 0.003). Knowledge levels were significantly higher among prosthodontists for the items related to the fact that both early and late implant placement following alveolar ridge placement would have the least changes in periodontal parameters (p = 0.013). Conclusion All the targeted specialties exhibited a comparable impression regarding implant techniques and their outcomes. Each specialty had its own aspect of treatment during the placement of dental implants depending on multiple factors. Significant knowledge was observed from each specialty regarding implant brands, techniques, and antibiotic prescriptions for dental implants.

Awareness On Mastoid Implants Among Dental Students

Introduction: The goal of modern dentistry is to provide patients with good oral health in a predictable fashion. The edentulous patient may hoot have good masticatory function or aesthetics. When wearing a removable denture the efficiency is reduced to one sixth than natural dentition.An ideal prosthesis can bring back normal muscle activity thereby improving mastication. Implant Prosthetic options just do not rely on alveolar bone. There are many other options too. One such option is the mastoid implants.Our aim is to evaluate the awareness on mastoid implants among dental students.Materials and methods: A set of 10 questions were formulated and distributed among the undergraduate students to determine their awareness on mastoid implants All data were collected and analysis was done. The data were entered in an Excel sheet and were imported to SPSS software by IBM. Results: 80% of the participants were undergraduate students. Also 35% have ideas regarding mastoid implants and very few participants were trained in mastoid implants, only 3%. Almost 60 % of study participants agree that mastoid implants may be highly valued in the future.Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study it can be said that there is very little awareness about mastoid implants among the student population and conducting more educational programs and providing more hands-on training will motivate the upcoming dental professionals to be well aware of future prospects of maxillofacial prosthetic treatment.