Modern Chinese Words Research Articles

Lexical Characterization of Ancient and Modern Chinese Combined with Semantic Association Network Modeling

Abstract This paper explores the linguistic features of ancient and modern Chinese, focuses on capturing the knowledge of the relevant domains of ancient and contemporary Chinese using semantic models, and carries out the corresponding semantic resource extraction and semantic representation through the resource expression mechanism in the framework of the Semantic Association Network Model (SANM), and then analyzes the historical evolution of the lexicalization patterns of the Chinese language and the linguistic features of the Chinese language in different periods. In the historical evolution of Chinese lexicalization patterns, it is found that the distribution of lexicalization patterns of ancient Chinese table-cutting action lexical items is [action+object] > [action+method] > [action result] > [action+tool], and the distribution of lexicalization patterns of modern Chinese table-cutting action lexical items is [action+method] > [action+tool] > [action+result] > [action+object]. The linguistic features of different periods show that all networks have small-world properties and scale-free properties, and the statistical parameters of the networks in each period are relatively close to each other, with the modern network having the most significant C (8.59) and the smallest L (0.92) and γ (0.40). Ancient and modern Chinese words and phrases with relational word collocations in the interval [0,23] have the most extensive and densest distribution of relational words. These data present the similarities and differences between linguistic features between ancient and modern Chinese, which is significant for studying ancient and modern Chinese.

Visual event-related potentials reveal the early whole-word lexical processing of Chinese two-character words

Morphologically complex words are common across different languages, especially in Chinese, because more than 90% of common modern Chinese words are complex words. Many behavioral studies have suggested the whole-word processing of Chinese complex words, but the neural correlates of whole-word processing remain unclear. Previous electrophysiological studies revealed automatic and early (∼250 ms) access to the orthographic forms of monomorphic words in the ventral occipitotemporal area. In this study, we investigated whether there is also automatic and early orthographic recognition of Chinese complex words (as whole units) by recording event-related potentials (ERPs). A total of 150 two-character words and 150 two-character pseudowords composed of the same 300 characters (morphemes) were pseudorandomly presented to proficient Chinese readers. Participants were required to determine the color of each stimulus in the color decision task and to determine whether each stimulus was a word in the lexical decision task. The two constituent characters of each stimulus were horizontally arranged in Experiment 1 and vertically arranged in Experiment 2. The results revealed a significant early ERP difference between words and pseudowords approximately 250–300 ms after stimulus onset in the parieto-occipital scalp region. The early ERP difference was more prominent in the color decision task than in the lexical decision task, more prominent in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2, and more prominent in the left parieto-occipital scalp region than in the right. Source analysis results showed that the early ERP difference originated from the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex. These results reflected early and automatic access to whole-word orthographic representations of Chinese complex words in the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex.

Strategies for Improving Chinese Writing Exercises of Senior Grade Students in the Primary School of the Yi Ethnic Group

There has been a strong consensus among previous researchers that first language interferes with second language acquisition. A limited number of studies have been conducted to examine this interference in writing Chinese. Chinese writing exercises for primary school students of the Yi ethnic group in rural areas tend to encourage students to incorporate their native language habits into Chinese writing practices. This enables students to apply modern Chinese word order to the Yi language paradigm. Consequently, they are prone to grammatical errors, word order errors, and collocation errors in their compositions. This study focuses on elementary school students' writing abilities in order to alleviate their fears associated with Chinese writing. It also assists them in grasping the second language writing paradigm, and enjoying writing. In addition, by analyzing the composition errors of the students in the corpus, we propose some practical recommendations from three perspectives: educators, students, and institutions. These recommendations will enhance language and writing education within ethnic communities through theoretical and practical strategies.

A Comparison of Chinese and Turkish Prepositions and the Strategies for Teaching Chinese Prepositions to Native Turkish Speakers

This study presents a comparative analysis focusing on the relationship between Chinese and Turkish prepositions and presents the strategies used for teaching Chinese prepositions to native Turkish speakers. The first part of this study examines differences between Chinese and Turkish prepositions. The second part of the study lists Chinese prepositions as classified according to Liu Yuehua’s (2001) classification of modern Chinese words alongside the Turkish equivalents, including affixes and postpositions. The third part of the study uses examples to illustrate Chinese prepositions and their Turkish equivalents. The final part of the study focuses on the teaching strategies used for Chinese prepositions. This study finds that, due to the complexity of Chinese prepositions and the characteristics of Turkish, no closed-class words occur in Turkish or the Turkish equivalents of Chinese prepositions. In addition, Chinese prepositions have much more complex structures in Turkish. When teaching Chinese prepositions, especially when teaching Turkish students with and elementary level of Chinese, teachers should not only help students learn the definitions of Chinese prepositions and their Turkish equivalents but also understand students’ native language. Teaching strategies used in this way will help achieve the goals.

A Multi-dimensional Study of Inverse Morpheme Words in Chinese

As a unique linguistic phenomenon in Chinese vocabulary, inverse morpheme words originate from ancient Chinese and have evolved and are still in use today.Using the theory of "Three Plane", this paper quantitatively describes the inverse morphemes in Modern Chinese Dictionary (2005 edition) (hereafter referred to as "Modern Chinese" (the 05th edition)), and makes a corpus containing 608 pairs of inverse morpheme words, namely 1216 words. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, descriptive and explanatory methods, inductive and deductive methods, this paper tries to make a classification investigation from word structure and semantic type. From the perspective of word structure, the inverse morpheme words are dominated by homologous words, supplemented by heterologous words. In the homologous words, the juxtaposition and orthologous structures are the majority.It is found that the semantic changes of more than half of inverse morpheme words in "Modern Chinese" (the 05th edition) are affected by the morpheme order, so the formation of the meaning of modern Chinese words is related to the morpheme meaning.

‘深’과 ‘淺’의 의미 대립 분포 양상 연구-코퍼스 연어분석을 중심으로-

This work extracts and analyzes collocation that emerges with the modern Chinese multiple meaning word ‘深(deep)/淺(shallow)’, using the index function of corpus built on practical use. This is to study the use of multiple meanings for each syntactic type of modern Chinese words ‘深(deep)’ and ‘淺(shallow)’, and the distribution of meanings.

현대중국어 ‘這麼/那麼’의 품사 고찰

The modern Chinese word ‘zheme(这么)/name(那么)’ has been classified as ‘pro-form’ in many grammar books. The part of speech was said to be classified by syntactic function, but the all the words that contain ‘this(zhe)/that(na)’ which mean ‘instruction’ has been incorporated into ‘pro-form’ category. Therefore, to consider the part of speech of ‘zheme/name’ in this study, we examined the word class of ‘zheme/name’ and its semantic definition presented in the current grammar books, and comprehensively considered what the part of speech of ‘zheme/name’ are by looking into their respective characteristics in terms of syntax and semantic. As a result, it was shown that the part of speech of ‘zheme/name’ should be presented as follows.<BR> (1) ‘zheme/name’, which refers to degree, modifies predicates and has subjectivity. So it would be classified as an adverb; (2) ‘zheme/name’,which refers to manners, is syntactically an adverb and it has a function with indicative meaning. so it would be classified as an indicative adverb; (3) ‘zheme/name’, which determines quantity, is an adverb, because it is syntactically an adverb and has only mood that emphasizes quantity; (4) ‘zheme/name’, which modifies quantitative noun phrases, should be classified as an indicative adjective.<BR> It is believed that this new part of speech of ‘zheme/name’ considering syntactic functions and meanings can help construct accurate sentences.

Neural Substrates of the Morphological Structure of Chinese Words

Compounding is the dominant morphological type in modern Chinese words; however, its brain mechanisms remain unspecified. Here, we aim to address this issue by manipulating three common morphological structures in Chinese disyllabic words in an fMRI study: parallel, biased, and monomorphemic. Behavioral analyses show no significant difference in reaction times and error rates among these three conditions. No difference in neural activation was observed in direct contrasts among these conditions in univariate contrast analyses. A support vector machine categorization analysis reveals that the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) is the only region in the frontotemporal network that can differentiate the parallel from the biased disyllabic words in neural activation patterns. This finding indicates that the LIFG is the core region responsible for morphological representation universally across different language modalities and morphological structures.

Generating Poetry Title Based on Semantic Relevance with Convolutional Neural Network

Several approaches have been proposed to automatically generate Chinese classical poetry (CCP) in the past few years, but automatically generating the title of CCP is still a difficult problem. The difficulties are mainly reflected in two aspects. First, the words used in CCP are very different from modern Chinese words and there are no valid word segmentation tools. Second, the semantic relevance of characters in CCP not only exists in one sentence but also exists between the same positions of adjacent sentences, which is hard to grasp by the traditional text summarization models. In this paper, we propose an encoder-decoder model for generating the title of CCP. Our model encoder is a convolutional neural network (CNN) with two kinds of filters. To capture the commonly used words in one sentence, one kind of filters covers two characters horizontally at each step. The other covers two characters vertically at each step and can grasp the semantic relevance of characters between adjacent sentences. Experimental results show that our model is better than several other related models and can capture the semantic relevance of CCP more accurately.

The Construction of Military Documents Electronic Lexicon

Based on the classification system of modern Chinese words classification system and characteristics of military documents field, the military document words are classified and descripted with morphology, syntax, complex feature, semantic and reference. And a military documents electronic lexicon prototype is designed. This lexicon can meet the requirement of military document intelligent processing well proved by application of military documents electronic lexicon.

A Comparative Analysis of the Modern Chinese Words ‘喜歡(xihuan)’, ‘愛(ai)’ and ‘高興(gaoxing)’ in their Use for ‘to Like

一般來說，所謂近義詞，是指詞形不同，但意義相近的兩個或兩個以上的詞語。而且目前爲止對近義詞的定義?未十分明確。近義詞的存在有助於詳細、細致地區分事物，?且能?充分地表達詞語的細微差別。但是，由於近義詞的大量存在，我們如果不能正確判斷在?種?合使用?種近義詞的話，反而不利於對文章內容的理解。尤其是我們在?譯時，如果近義詞的選擇基准只限於詞典和語法書的話，那??譯出來的內容就會?晦?難?。從而得出各組近義詞間的相同點和不同點，而更加?楚的認識各個詞語的使用條件和使用方法。本文主要從詞義ㆍ句法的角度做了對比分析，先從“CCL語料庫”裏?出一些有關“喜歡”，“愛”，“高興”的例句，然後分析其義素?且探討?在句法上的分布特征。

An Elementary Study on the Modern Chinese Words in Saseongtonghae (≪四聲通解≫)

An Elementary Study on the Modern Chinese Words in Saseongtonghae (≪四聲通解≫)

A New Approach to Teaching Modern Chinese Words of Locality ‘qian+Tn’

A New Approach to Teaching Modern Chinese Words of Locality ‘qian+Tn’

A Method of Words Classification and Attribute Description for Military Documents Electronic Lexicon

Based on modern Chinese words classification and characteristics of military documents field,the method of classification and attribute description for military document words is presented. Through the description of morphology, syntax, semantic and reference, etc. it realizes the organic combination of words classification and attribute description. This method can meet the requirement of military documents intelligent processing, proved by building the military document electronic lexicon.

《現代漢語詞典》中多音節詞結構分析

In order to meet people's expression, there are a lot of plurisyllables in the modern Chinese vocabulary. We statistical analysis polysyllable word and phrase in order that inspect utilization syntax structure to analyze major part plurisyllable and phrase. We believe that on the whole we may use the syntax to analyze the modern Chinese words ,and use the lexical analysis to make a description of structure and semantics of the modern Chinese polysyllable word. And we discusses the structure feature of polysyllable words.