Modern Methods Of Analysis Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of Lauha Bhasma

The preparation of ayurvedic bhasma is particularly challenging, as mass production in modern facilities often lacks the standardized equipment needed to ensure consistent quality, leading to concerns about toxic elements like mercury and arsenic in the final products. Addressing these concerns necessitates the standardization of the synthesis process through the implementation of stringent quality control measures at every stage of preparation. This study is dedicated to the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of lauha (iron) bhasma, employing both traditional methodologies and advanced analytical techniques. The synthesis process began with samanya shodhana (general purification), followed by vishesh shodhana (special purification) and marana (incineration) The resultant product then underwent amrutikaran, involving heating with aloe vera extract at an elevated temperature of 750°C.The synthesized lauha bhasma was meticulously characterized using a combination of classical Ayurvedic techniques and modern analytical methods, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Particle Size Distribution (PSD), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The final product, post-Amrutikaran, successfully passed all traditional Ayurvedic evaluations, affirming the proper formation of bhasma. XRD analysis revealed the formation of rhombohedral α-Fe₂O₃ with only trace amounts of free iron, indicating high purity. SEM and PSD analyses demonstrated the creation of nanosized particles ranging from 50 to 200 nm, complemented by a specific surface area of 12.55 m²/g as determined by BET studies. Crucially, EDX analysis confirmed that the amrutikaran process effectively eliminated mercury from the bhasma, ensuring its safety and compliance with stringent quality standards.

Capabilities of Software Package Gearacl for Design Gearings and Transmission Elements

Creation of a mathematical model of gearing operation belongs to one of the most knowledge-intensive fields of knowledge. Interdisciplinary research is being conducted to develop the model. For practical use, the results of this work are embodied in strength analysis standards. Due to the complexity of the processes occurring in gearings, performing analysis of one pair of gears today requires not only significant time costs from the engineer, but also a deep understanding of hundreds of pages of calculation techniques described by groups of interrelated standards. The calculation formulae include clarifying coefficients, the contribution and values of which are determined by a group of specialists developing the standard, based on research of analysis result coordination, experimental data and calculations performed using the finite element method. To perform the analysis, the designer needs knowledge about the principles of choosing coefficient values and their meaning. Performing the analysis of gearings according to the standard is a time-consuming process that can be correctly performed only by an engineer with experience in designing gearings. To facilitate the work of the engineer, software products both domestic and foreign were created. However, the trends of recent years require replacement of foreign software products. In 2022, the specialists of the Central Institute of Aviation Motors developed the Gearacl software package, which allows replacing foreign products in the volume required by the aviation industry enterprises in the field of cylindrical gearings, shafts and bearings analysis. Modern analysis methods have been introduced into the software package. This article is devoted to the capabilities of the Gearacl software package.

RISKS OF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO OF BANKS OF KAZAKHSTAN: PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLUTION

The article examines the essence and classification of the definition of «market risk». It is noted that managing market risks in a bank is a complex and multifaceted process that requires constant analysis and monitoring of market conditions, and an important element of the market risk management system is the formation of an effective investment portfolio, which includes various assets with different levels of risk. This will allow you to control and minimize possible losses, and will also help the bank determine the optimal balance between risk and profitability, which will help increase its profits. Using modern data analysis methods, an analysis of the real average investment portfolio of second-tier domestic banks was carried out and an assessment of the generated conditional investment portfolio was given. Based on the study, problems were identified and directions for improving market risk management in the bank were given.

A Luminescent MOF-Based Sensor for Monitoring of an Anticancer Drug and a Pyrethroid Fungicide Biomarker in Wastewater and Biological Fluids.

The extensive use of insecticides, such as pyrethroids, and pharmaceutical drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX) has significantly increased to meet the growing demand for food production and disease treatment. Among them, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides, poses various health and environmental risks. Similarly, DOX is a well-known anticancer drug and has been continuously used for many years. The high demand and unregulated disposal of these substances raise concerns for both humans and the environment. To address this issue, there is a pressing need to monitor the presence of these analytes in wastewater to protect our ecosystems. This challenge has inspired us to develop an MOF-based fluorometric dual sensor capable of rapid and selective detection of these analytes in aqueous solutions. This work represents the first MOF-based dual probe for detecting these targeted analytes. There was a 98% fluorescence quenching upon the introduction of DOX whereas about a 11-fold increment of the probe's fluorescence intensity took place in the presence of 3-PBA. The sensitivity of the probe is notably high as limits of detection (LOD) are 8.7 nM for DOX and 1.2 nM for 3-PBA. Our designed probe has the highest KSV value for DOX which is 3.37 × 106 M-1. The MOF demonstrated remarkable rapid response time of just 5 and 10 s for DOX and 3-PBA, respectively. The MOF exhibited outstanding selectivity in detecting DOX and 3-PBA, even when other interfering substances were present. We tested the probe's sensing abilities in various environments, such as serum, urine, wastewater, and different pH levels. These findings underscore the sensor's practicality and usefulness in real-world applications. The underlying mechanisms driving the sensing processes were thoroughly investigated by using various modern analytical methods.

New Insights into the Depressive Mechanism of Sodium Silicate on Bastnaesite, Parisite, and Fluorite: Experimental and DFT Study

The surface properties of bastnaesite and parisite are similar to their associated gangue mineral, fluorite, which makes the flotation separation of these two rare earth minerals from fluorite one of the industry’s most significant challenges. This study systematically investigates the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of sodium silicate (SS) on bastnaesite, parisite, and fluorite in an octyl hydroxamic acid (OHA) collector system through flotation experiments, various modern analytical methods, and DFT simulations. The flotation test results indicate that the inhibition effects of SS on the three minerals are in the order: fluorite > parisite > bastnaesite. Detection and analysis results indicate that SS forms hydrophilic complexes with Ca atoms on the surfaces of fluorite and parisite, enhancing surface hydrophilicity and inhibiting OHA adsorption, but its impact on bastnaesite is relatively minor. DFT simulation results show that OHA forms covalent bonds with metal ions on mineral surfaces, favoring five-membered hydroxamic-(O-O)-Ce/Ca complexes, and reacts more strongly with Ce atoms than Ca atoms. SS primarily forms covalent bonds with metal atoms on mineral surfaces via the SiO(OH)3− component, and OHA and SS compete for adsorption on the mineral surfaces. OHA has a stronger affinity for bastnaesite, whereas SS shows the highest affinity for fluorite, followed by parisite, and the weakest affinity for bastnaesite.

Exploring the anticancer potential of novel chalcone derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, computational analysis, and biological evaluation against breast cancer

This study presents a detailed synthesis and in-depth structural analysis of chalcone compounds with putative anticancer activity. The synthesis procedure for (2E)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl) prop‑2-en-1-one (MLDCL), (2E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl) prop‑2-en-1-one(MLFC) and (2E)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl) prop‑2-en-1-one (MLNC) involves Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. Modern analytical methods like FT-IR and H1 NMR spectroscopy were performed for structural characterization and accurate determination of chalcone compounds in the study. Using a UV–Vis-NIR spectrometer, the linear absorption spectra of three crystals were determined. The optical band gap (Eg) value of these chalcones is acquired from the tauc's plot of (αhv)2/3 against (hv). The in silico molecular docking with protein 3EQM provided valuable insights into potential interactions with the created compounds, yielding docking scores ranging from -8.8 to -7.8. Specific amino acid residues, such as ALA438, ALA306, and ILE133, were implicated in these interactions. The top-ranked compound MLNC (TOP1) from docking was further deemed for molecular dynamics studies, MTT assay, apoptosis, and cell cycle studies. The structural dynamics and stability of protein complexes 3EQM-APO, 3EQM-ASD (standard), and 3EQM-TOP1 were assessed over a 300 ns simulation period. Molecular dynamics studies showed that the complex was stable for a complete 300 ns. MTT assay was performed on triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDMAB-231 and normal fibroblast L929 cell line. An apoptosis and cell cycle studies were performed to further confirm the anti-cancer activity of the top-ranked compound MLNC.

MULTI-CHANNEL MUELLER-MATRIX TOMOGRAPHY AS A METHOD OF DETERMINING THE VOLUME OF BLOOD LOSS IN FORENSIC MEDICAL PRACTICE

In connection with the extreme urgency of determining the volume of blood loss during the forensic examination of a corpse, the authors proposed a modern digital analysis method - multichannel Muller matrix tomography of human biological tissues. Aim of the work. To develop a complex of forensic criteria for accurate determination of the volume of blood loss using the method of multichannel polarization Müller-matrix tomography of histological sections of structured biological tissues (rectus abdominis muscle, skin). Material and methods. For the study, rectus abdominis muscle and skin samples were taken from 85 deceased individuals aged 18 to 56 years with varying degrees of blood loss. The results. The proposed method of researching changes in the values ​​of linear birefringence of fibrillar structures of the rectus abdominis muscle and skin of of cadavers as a result of acute internal and external blood loss showed the possibility of accurate determination within the volume of 0±2000 mm3. Conclusions. The method of multichannel differential Müller-matrix tomographic reproduction of a set of linear birefringence maps and histograms of distributions of random values ​​of the structural anisotropy parameter of histological sections of the rectus abdominis muscle and skin of the dead with different degrees of blood loss is sensitive within ΔV=0mm3÷2500mm3. The accuracy ranges of the multi-channel tomographic reproduction of LD maps within the range of ΔV=0mm3÷1000mm3 ↔86%-92% have been determined.

Зависимость качества винопродукции сорта Красностоп АЗОС от подкормок разными группами веществ

Abstraсt. The impact of climatic changes in external conditions on the terroirs of the planet forces the grape plant to acquire new properties and characteristics that can negatively affect the quality of the wine made from them. Many countries around the world are faced with the problem of producing grape raw materials with high sugar content and insufficient ripening of phenols. One of the effective methods of reducing the negative impact of unfavorable terroir factors is the use of various fertilizers, including foliar fertilizers. In viticulture at the present stage, there is no systematic scientific knowledge about the mechanisms of action of certain drugs on the quality parameters of grapes and wine. The objects of study are preparations of various spectrums of foliar action: complex amino acid-humic fertilizer with vitamins and microelements of the CAGS brand; Chlorella extract (amino acid complex, highly effective natural biostimulator of plant growth.); Agrumax (mineral complex); biodux – growth regulator arachidonic acid, a complex of biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids of the fungus Mortierella alpina; must and wine from the Krasnostop AZOS variety. The work used: modern instrumental and analytical methods for studying fruit crops and grapes; methods of technochemical and microbiological control in winemaking; wine parameters were determined according to GOST methods and original certified methods of the winemaking center of the NCFSCHVW; polyphenolic and anthocyanin substances in wine were studied using the technique of V.G. Gerzhikova, Research Institute "Magarach". Agricultural technology is generally accepted, adapted to the local terroir. Work on studying the impact of foliar preparations on the quality of must and wine, analysis of wine materials from the Krasnostop AZOS variety and their organoleptic evaluation, allows us to conclude that with an increase in the concentration of the extract, phenolic substances, and the total content of biologically active substances in it, the hygienic value and general quality of the wine itself; the highest tasting score was given to wine samples from the variants of treating grapes with foliar preparations from the group of biologically active substances: Chlorella algae extract and Biodux. Keywords: grape quality, microfertilizers, microwinemaking, wine quality, tasting analysis Financing source: The research was carried out within the State Task of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the FSBSI NCFSCHVW.

Molecular docking, ADMET, synthesis and evaluation of new indomethacin hydrazide derivatives as antibacterial agents

Bacterial infections pose an ongoing challenge due to resistance developed by infectious bacteria. So much research targeting designing new antibacterials is published annually. Our goal is to synthesize compounds that have given antibacterial activity according to molecular docking against the chosen target protein and that have acceptable ADMET properties that can be synthesized and used in the future. New 2-(5-methoxy-1-(4-chlorobenzene)-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acetohydrazide derivatives’ antibacterial efficacy against two common strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms has been developed, produced, and investigated. Sophisticated, modern analytical methods, including ATR-FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, were used to determine their spectral and physicochemical features. Compound YA3N is more effective than ciprofloxacin against K. pneumonia (MIC = 125 µg/mL) and shows good suppression of isolated tests of E. coli (MIC = 125 µg/mL). While compound YA4C demonstrated comparable suppression of S. pyogenes strains (MIC = 250 µg/mL), compounds YA3S and YA4B exhibit lesser activity towards the tested strain of bacteria.

Visible-light responsive CuO-ZnO nanostructure synthesized using Muntingia calabura extract for efficient H2O2 evolution and organic pollutant degradation

In this study, ZnO-CuO heterostructures were synthesized via a green approach using Muntingia calabura leaf extract with insights into the precursor ratio for enhanced photocatalytic performance. The synthesized materials were characterized by modern analytic methods, including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, which elucidated the presence of CuO nanospheres and ZnO semi-cuboids. Thanks to a lower bandgap of 2.24 eV compared to pristine ZnO (2.82 eV), better visible light absorption, and longer charge lifetime, the optimal ZC16 sample, corresponding to a Cu:Zn ratio of 1:16, achieved a hydrogen peroxide production of 350.23 μM under visible light that was further increased to 478.98 μM with oxygen aeration. In addition, ZC16 also demonstrated excellent photodegradation performance towards malachite green (95.82 %) and tetracycline (97.78 %). Disclosure into the photocatalytic mechanism of both processes revealed the significant roles of active radicals, which have proven the environmentally friendly and cost-efficient synthesis pathway of ZnO-CuO heterostructures for environmental remediation and clean energy applications.

Prediction method of rock deformation in slope under construction disturbance

Slope engineering plays a crucial role in civil engineering, and its stability directly affects the safety, reliability, and economy of the entire project. During construction, the rock layers of slopes are prone to deformation due to construction activities, which not only affect the progress and quality of construction but also pose potential safety hazards to the surrounding environment and structures. Therefore, accurately predicting the deformation of rock layers in slopes under construction disturbance is of paramount importance. This paper analyzes the traditional and modern methods of slope rock deformation analysis and discusses the prediction method of rock deformation in slopes under construction disturbance. Based on this, a comparison and evaluation of prediction methods for rock deformation in slopes under construction disturbance are conducted, aiming to provide theoretical support and guidance for engineering practice.

Modernizing sports an intelligent strategy for entertainment through internet of things in sports

A significant transformation towards a more engaging and entertaining viewer experience is provided by the incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) innovation into the ever-changing world of current sports. With an emphasis on real-time tracking and assessment of athletic achievement, this study presents an extensive IoT-based strategy designed for the modern sports industry. Athlete tales, halftime displays and the general spectacle of big athletic events contribute to the entertainment value of the game. To provide a thorough assessment of athlete achievement in a timely manner, this research proposes a unique decision-making approach built on Adaptive Coral Reefs Optimized Xgboost (ACRO-XB). In particular, sport-specific characteristics are obtained through the use of electronic devices and an energy-effective procedure. To provide monitoring experts and competitors with efficient decision-making solutions, the ACRO-XB framework was developed. To validate the ACRO-XB approach, the simulation was run on a difficult dataset of 22,500 instances which is cricketers. Many modern analytical methods were used to undertake a comparison study. The simulation outcomes demonstrated that the ACRO-XB approach performed superior in conditions of recall, accuracy, f1-score and specificity by leveraging IoT data effectively for precise and timely athlete performance assessments, surpassing traditional methods in sports analytics. Furthermore, the suggested ACRO-XB approach was found to result in increased cell efficiency and stability.

Вулкан Иван Грозный (остров Итуруп, Курильские острова): вещественный состав продуктов извержений и современная активность

The paper presents summary data on the historical activity of Ivan Grozny volcano (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands), including the results of our own studies of solfatar-hydrothermal and eruptive activity of the volcano since 2004. Using modern analytical methods, we obtained data on the chemical composition of the volcano rocks and pyroclastics of the explosive eruption in 2012–2013. The composition of the volcano rocks varies from andesites to daciandesites of medium potassium series. Pyroclastics of the 2012–2013 eruption corresponds to andesites with medium potassium content in terms of bulk chemical composition. The material composition of glasses according to microprobe data is much more acidic. The obtained values are similar to the geochemical compositions of the products of the 1973 and 1989 eruptions. Taking into account the prevailing wind regime dominating in the central part of Iturup Island, the hazard from ash fall of probable future eruptions of Ivan Grozny volcano was assessed, indicating the predominant spread of ash in the north-western, western and south-western directions.

Nondifferentiable activity in the brain.

Spike raster plots of numerous neurons show vertical stripes, indicating that neurons exhibit synchronous activity in the brain. We seek to determine whether these coherent dynamics are caused by smooth brainwave activity or by something else. By analyzing biological data, we find that their cross-correlograms exhibit not only slow undulation but also a cusp at the origin, in addition to possible signs of monosynaptic connectivity. Here we show that undulation emerges if neurons are subject to smooth brainwave oscillations while a cusp results from nondifferentiable fluctuations. While modern analysis methods have achieved good connectivity estimation by adapting the models to slow undulation, they still make false inferences due to the cusp. We devise a new analysis method that may solve both problems. We also demonstrate that oscillations and nondifferentiable fluctuations may emerge in simulations of large-scale neural networks.

Possibilities of spectral analysis methods for the oil sludge research

The paper considers the problem of utilisation and neutralisation of oil sludge at oil producing and refining enterprises. Oil sludge is a complex heterogeneous mixture consisting of high-molecular oil compounds, mineral particles of different composition, and water. The authors studied the elemental composition of oil sludge of different storage periods for oil refinery production by modern analytical methods: IR spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. According to the research, the main composition of the oil residue, represented by the hydrocarbon component, contains paraffin-naphthenic and heavy aromatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, its non-hydrocarbon component contains compounds Si, Al, Ca, Fe, S, Ba.

Opportunities for Using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Business Analytics

In today’s fast-paced business landscape, data is no longer just a byproduct; it’s the driving force behind informed decision-making. With the rise of business analytics, organizations can harness the power of data to gain insights that lead to improved strategies, enhanced operations, and, ultimately, a stronger bottom line. The topic relevance is confirmed by the business need for modern data analysis methods. Technological progress and large data volumes that need processing require the machine learning use which can improve the business processes productivity. Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of business analytics. He involves the use of algorithms that allow computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data. Machine learning and analytics help automate processes, reduce costs and improve the quality of every decision made. The article purpose is to seek to establish opportunities, trends and limitations in the machine learning use and artificial intelligence in business analytics context.

Electrochemical Sensing Device for Carboplatin Monitoring in Proof-of-Concept Drug Delivery Nanosystems.

(1) Background: Carboplatin (CBP) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. Despite its efficiency, CBP is associated with side effects that greatly limit its clinical use. To mitigate these effects, CBP can be encapsulated in targeted delivery systems, such as liposomes. Ensuring the adequate loading and release of CBP from these carriers requires strict control in pharmaceutical formulation development, demanding modern, rapid, and robust analytical methods. The aim of this study was the development of a sensor for the fast and accurate quantification of CBP and its application on proof-of-concept CBP-loaded nanosomes. (2) Methods: Screen-printed electrodes were obtained in-lab and the electrochemical behavior of CBP was tested on the obtained electrodes. (3) Results: The in-lab screen-printed electrodes demonstrated superior properties compared to commercial ones. The novel sensors demonstrated accurate detection of CBP on a dynamic range from 5 to 500 μg/mL (13.5-1350 μM). The method was successfully applied on CBP loaded and released from nanosomes, with strong correlations with a spectrophotometric method used as control. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates the viability of electrochemical techniques as alternative options during the initial phases of pharmaceutical formulation development.

Гибридная интеллектуальная система машинного обучения для моделирования процессов обработки фосфатного рудного сырья

The results of a study are presented, the purpose of which was to create an intelligent machine learning system for modeling the processes of charge agglomeration during processing of phosphate ore raw materials. The relevance of the study is justified by the need to improve the information support of technological systems management processes in the context of the digital transformation of the production environment, carried out within the framework of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and characterized by the massive introduction of the industrial Internet of things, which leads to an avalanche-like increase in the volume of technological data. Their processing using modern analysis methods, including artificial intelligence methods, can improve the quality of decisions made and provide competitive advantages. The scientific novelty of the research results is the structure of the proposed hybrid intelligent machine learning system for modeling phosphate ore processing processes, which is based on the joint use of a dynamic model of the sintering process in the Simulink environment and a deep neural network. The architecture of the neural network was developed taking into account the specifics of the mathematical description of the agglomeration process and includes input fully connected layers that receive measurement results of process variables, as well as a recurrent layer that processes the combined sequence from the outputs of fully connected layers. The integration of a Simulink model and a deep neural network makes it possible to quickly adapt an intelligent system to a specific sintering machine through the use of a two-stage machine learning procedure – first on a Simulink simulation model, and then on a real object. Taking into account the significant inertia of the processes accompanying agglomeration, this approach ensures prompt changes in the settings of the hybrid intelligent machine learning system for the new composition of raw materials and technological parameters. A program has been developed that provides a convenient graphical interface for preparing and using an intelligent system, and simulation experiments have shown that the process of additional training for new technological parameters is much faster than initial training while maintaining high accuracy of the obtained modeling results.

THE INFLUENCE OF VIBRATIONS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

This article is devoted to the study of the influence of vibrations on the efficiency and reliability of the internal combustion engine (ICE). The authors consider in detail the amount of vibration that occurs as a result of engine operation and its possible consequences for various components. The article examines modern methods of vibration analysis and their impact on various types of technical systems, including electromechanical, hydromechanical, and thermal energy equipment. Vibration reduction technologies and their implementation to increase the efficiency of technical systems are being studied. The study also includes consideration of possible technologies and innovations aimed at reducing the impact of vibration on engine performance, such as the use of shock absorbers, design optimization and the use of new materials. In particular, the article analyzes the use of the latest materials for vibration reduction, the development of control and diagnostic systems, and also studies the impact of vibrations on human health and the environment. The importance of considering vibration aspects in the process of design, operation and maintenance of technical equipment is noted. Possible implications for measurement accuracy, electronic stability, and overall control efficiency are highlighted. The authors offer practical solutions to reduce these negative impacts, including the use of innovative technologies and the development of improved electronics systems. This article is aimed at the engineering and scientific community, as well as at professionals who are interested in improving the efficiency of technical systems and understanding the effect of vibrations on their functioning. The conclusions and recommendations presented in this paper can be used for further research and development in the field of vibration engineering and technology.

The effect of AlCrN, TiN and Ni-Cr-Nb coatings on the wear and corrosion performance of 45 # steel in 3.5 % sodium chloride solution

The press bar of the oil press is prone to corrosion and abrasion in the high-temperature and high-pressure environment, which reduces the quality of oil and the efficiency of agricultural production. In this paper, Ni-Cr-Nb, TiN and AlCrN coatings were prepared on the surface of press bar substrate by thermal spraying and multi-arc ion plating technology. The tests were analyzed by modern analytical methods such as HV-1000Z micro Vickers hardness tester, SEM, XRD and electrochemical corrosion. The results show that: Vickers hardness tester analysis shows that the surface hardness of AlCrN coating is 3.6 times higher than that of the base material, which is higher than that of several other coatings; SEM shows that the surfaces of the Ni-Cr-Nb, TiN and AlCrN coatings are smooth and even, the film structure is compact and uniform, and the thickness of the coating film is 5.67μm, 6.31 μm and 6.55 μm, respectively; XRD shows the elemental content of each coating, and the Al atoms in the AlCrN coating have good corrosion resistance; Electrochemical corrosion experiment shows that AlCrN coating has the biggest and most important advantages. It shows that AlCrN coating has the maximum potential and minimum corrosion current density, which indicates that its corrosion resistance is the best, followed by TiN coating, Ni-Cr-Nb layer of the corrosion resistance of the first two coatings, but better than the press bar substrate.