Modernization Of Agricultural Sector Research Articles

Empowering Agriculture: Leveraging Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Farming

Climate change, market volatility, water scarcity, and pest control issues are just a few of the challenges that farmers face. Limited access to resources and education, as well as the slow adoption of new technologies, aggravate these problems. Creating intelligent systems is necessary to handle these pressing issues. This method makes use of key components such as crop type, weather, and soil properties to forecast agricultural yields. This system offers significant yield prediction capabilities for 53 crops by utilizing complex algorithms including XG-Boost, random forest, and decision tree. It takes into account crucial factors to accurately assess crop production potential, such as temperature, rainfall, nutrient levels (N, P, and K), soil pH, and temperature data. Cutting-edge machine learning techniques look at past data and trends to provide farmers with crucial information they need to make wise decisions. In order to solve the problems farmers, encounter in the modern agricultural sector, this intelligent system aims to enhance resource efficiency, farming systems' resilience and production, and the use of resources.

Examining the drivers of CO2 Emission: Evidence from Indonesia

CO2 emissions are a significant risk and threat not only to the economy, environment, and agriculture but also to public health. In this study, we examine empirical evidence of the impact of economic growth, renewable energy use, and agricultural sector improvement on reducing CO2 emissions and environmental degradation in Indonesia based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. This study uses annual time series data from 1988 to 2020 by applying Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully-Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) econometric estimation techniques. Based on empirical evidence, the EKC phenomenon in Indonesia cannot be validated and justified because it correlates with increasing economic growth rates as well as increasing CO2 emissions. In addition, technological innovation and renewable energy applied to Indonesia’s more modern agricultural sector have a significant impact on reducing carbon emissions and improving environmental quality. Furthermore, the consumption of renewable energy in Indonesia is limited to the manufacturing and service sectors, which means it does not contribute to carbon emissions.

The prevalence of hepatopathy in productive animals and aquaculture objects

In the modern agricultural sector, the statistics of liver pathologies in productive animals has become an important topic of study. Liver pathologies can have a serious impact on animal health and productivity, which has a negative impact on the economic health of agricultural enterprises. Despite the fact that many works have been devoted to the study of hepatopathies, there is little statistical data on their prevalence. Therefore, in this work we tried to summarize the available data on the statistics of the spread of hepatopathy among productive animals. To achieve this goal, we used a retrospective analysis of domestic and foreign sources presented in specialized databases. Compared to other animals, the spread of hepatopathy among cattle has been most studied. The available data on hepatopathies in sheep, pigs and aquaculture facilities were also reviewed. Statistics on the spread of hepatopathy among to be supplemented and systematized, as was done in the Czech Republic, where information collected over 12 years was assessed. The spread of hepatopathy among MRS is an issue little studied by domestic and foreign researchers. The study of the prevalence of hepatopathy among sows and piglets in Russia is in desperate need of fresh data. Research on fish liver pathologies in Russia also needs to be replenished.

Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on Lettuce Hydroponic UMKM (Case Study of Alam Tani Hidrofarm Kudus)

Background. Changes in climate have a significant impact on various aspects of work, especially in the modern agricultural sector. Therefore, the UMKM sector of Alam Tani Hidrofarm Kudus is facing new challenges such as in the production process. Purpose. This study aims to describe, explain and evaluate the effect of climate change on the growth of vegetable crops in the UMKM Alam Tani Hidrofarm Kudus. Method. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study approach. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and data and document collection. Results. The results showed that climate change resulted in various impacts such as decreased productivity and quality in hydroponic lettuce crops. Factors such as temperature extremes, changes in rainfall, humidity, diseases and pests, plant nutrients, environment, variety and technology used. However, this study also identified various evaluations to improve the productivity and quality of hydroponic lettuce crops. These solutions include regular irrigation systems, greenhouses, variety selection, proper nutrient utilisation, monitoring, the use of smart technology, and the use of temporary protection. Conclusion. Temperature variations and unpredictable rainfall patterns can disrupt the balance of the hydroponic environment resulting in slowed growth and reduced crop quality. These factors can undermine food security and the sustainability of cultivation. In addition, this research underscores the need for strategic adaptation, such as the use of climate control technologies, selection of climate-resilient varieties, and efficient water management. Facing the challenges of climate change in the context of hydroponic farming requires an integrated approach involving various parties, including farmers, researchers, and policy makers to ensure a stable and sustainable food supply.

Digital Technologies in Crop Genotype Designing Methods: Scope, Limitations and Future Perspectives

The modern world agricultural sector has come under severe attack from several factors. These factors range from biotic to abiotic factors and they present threats to the environment and the world economies at large. If agricultural production is made more sustainable, it can be able to combat the current food shortages. Looking into the present scenario, there is a great need to improve the traditional breeding designing methods to develop genotypes of different crops that would be able to withstand the current adverse effects brought about by persistent climate change. Central to the basis and key factor of improving the designing methods in crop production are different digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning (DL), Machine Learning (ML), Geographical Information System (GIS), Precision Agriculture (PA), and Remote Sensing (RS). The digitalization of traditional breeding strategies has its weaknesses in terms of genetic gains it could offer in improving crop production. However, improving digital technologies would result in improved designing methods of crop production that would consequently result in increasing agricultural production and productivity. Therefore, the current review highlights the gains that have been made especially by AI and ML in designing methods of crop production. In addition, the review also highlights the limitations of these digital tools and their potential in crop designing methods for future crop genetic gains and production as well.

Credit and Investment support for the development of Ukraine’s agricultural and economy sector

One of the key problems of the modern agricultural sector of the national economy is the achievement of stable economic growth. In this context, the system of credit and investment support occupies the main place in the expanded reproduction of this priority industry for the economy of Ukraine. The research aims to review the main trends in credit and investment provision of the agrarian sector of the national economy and to determine further investigations in this direction. It has been established that for the formation of an effective system of credit and investment support for the agricultural sector, it is necessary to consider such positions as the influence of bank lending and climate shocks on the investment decisions of farmers, global and regional trends in the direction of the gross accumulation of fixed capital and fixed assets in agriculture, mechanisms for fixing conditions for the transfer of investment resources for use by agro-industrial companies, financial inequality between the urbanized and rural areas. It has been proven that bank lending is the key tool in all forms of credit and investment support for the agricultural sector. This is especially true during the period of martial law in Ukraine. Using the method of economic and mathematical modelling, it can be argued that bank lending is a strategic financial resource in the formation of credit and investment support for the agricultural sector. A system of credit and investment support is proposed, which is primarily based on the improvement of the system of state regulation of the agrarian sector. It has been proven that to increase the level of effectiveness of the system of credit and investment provision of the agricultural sector, attention should be paid to such an instrument as project financing and a review of the very structural composition of the state regulation of agricultural production, considering the practice of European Union. Such approaches can be used by state authorities when developing a strategy for the development of the agrarian sector in the conditions of martial law and the post-war period, as well as making infrastructural changes in the process of interaction between the banking and agrarian sectors of the national economy

Design and Fabrication of Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery Power Generation System

Abstract: This paper proposes and implements a waste heat energy recovery system for internal combustion engine automobiles, including gasoline vehicles. In modern days agricultural sector is plays an important role, so for that we need electrical energy for lighting effects in night times. The key is to directly convert the heat energy from automotive waste heat to electrical energy using a turbocharger, which is then regulated by a DC–DC Ćuk converter to charge a battery using maximum power point tracking. Hence, the electrical power stored in the battery can be maximized. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can work well under different working conditions, and is promising for automotive industry.

Digital Agriculture as a Response to the Challenges in the Modern Agricultural Sector

Digital Agriculture as a Response to the Challenges in the Modern Agricultural Sector

Research and Strategic Planning on the Growth of the Modern Agricultural Sector in Taizhou City’s North Ecological Economic Belt

Research and Strategic Planning on the Growth of the Modern Agricultural Sector in Taizhou City’s North Ecological Economic Belt

Paving the way to paddy food security: A multigroup analysis of agricultural education on Circular Economy Adoption

In order to meet food demand in 2050, the global agricultural output needs to expand by 70%. While increased agricultural output has helped maintain a balance between production and environmental protection, it also posed a substantial challenge to long-term food production and sustainability. Because of various tangible and intangible advantages, the circular economy is the most revolutionary concept in the modern agricultural sector that could turn agricultural methods into more accessible and practical solutions. The impact of agriculture on society and the economy, notably food security, prompted this study to examine the adoption of an innovative circularity strategy among farmers and its links to agricultural education. A quantitative survey of 366 paddy farmers in three agricultural granaries in Perak, Malaysia, was utilized to verify our framework empirically. The findings highlight the significance of relative advantage, compatibility, and observability of technological solutions in farming activities that promote the circular economy's development. We compare farmers with and without formal agricultural education using multigroup analysis. The results supported the notion of agricultural education in extending agricultural technology ideas on circularity. In return adopting a circular economy significantly impacts long-term paddy food security. Hence, it is high time for the agricultural sector to reassess its paddy and rice intervention plans, focusing on improving paddy farmers' adaptive ability to cope with agricultural production. The findings also point to ways to hasten transitions by stimulating potentially effective technologies and ensuring the long-term viability of food security consumption.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pelatihan Budidaya Microgreen di Desa Kesilir, Kecamatan Wuluhan, Kabupaten Jember

Kesilir Village is one of the villages in Wuluhan District, Jember, East Java with the majority of the population's main livelihood being farmers. One of the youth organizations active in the village is IPNU-IPPNU Kesilir. Most of the organizations that consist of Muslim youths are aged 15-21 years. Based on the problems obtained in the results of the preliminary survey, it was found that there were problems with the youth of the community, including the community's desire to optimize the use of abundant resources in the form of the agricultural sector in Kesilir Village and the solution that we offer to the youth of the Kesilir Village community is in the form of making microgreens As a first step for learning the modern agricultural sector, socialization about microgreens for IPNU-IPPNU Kesilir. The method used is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) which is an approach method in the process of empowerment and increasing community participation that emphasizes the involvement of IPNU-IPPNU Kesilir in all activities carried out. The techniques used in Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) include the socialization stage, skills training stage and mentoring stage. This activity resulted in socialization of training on making microgreens, and making direct products consisting of microgreens of water spinach and mustard pakcoy. IPPNU-IPPNU youths were provided with a simulation of microgreens cultivation which is easy to do and has high economic value. From this community service, it is hoped that the IPPNU-IPPNU Kesilir will be the pioneers of microgreen cultivation in Kesilir Village, Wuluhan District, Jember. In addition, this activity can be a promising business opportunity because it has a high profit which is expected to be carried out by young people in Kesilir Village, Wuluhan District, Jember.

Biostimulants for Resilient Agriculture: A Preliminary Assessment in Italy

In agriculture, plant biostimulants have become necessary to meet the United Nations sustainable development goals (UN-SDGs) and advance the European Green Deal. In particular, seaweed-based biostimulants have received a greater acceptance for their several benefits in crop growth and yield. In this study, we evaluated the effects of foliar applications of a vegetable- and brown-algae-based extract (Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. on grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano) and olives (Olea europaea L. cv. Coratina) and its agronomic performance in two field experiments in the Apulia region, which is known for its modern agricultural sector. The results highlight that the crop responses differ in grape and olive orchards. The biostimulant application determined significant increases in bunch development (+9.5%) and bunch weight (+10%) compared to the untreated control. In the olive orchard, the yield was not significantly influenced by biostimulant application, whereas we observed quality improvement in the olive oil of the treated plants compared to the control. To better understand the mechanisms behind this difference, the research concludes by suggesting that further research pursues in-depth studies and high scientific and technical proficiency to determine and optimise the rates and timing of applications.

CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: POINTS OF CONTACT AND PROSPECTS OF SYMBIOSIS

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that in the modern agricultural sector in general the development of economic relations is carried out on a linear principle across countries, the motto of which is the triad “get-recycle-utilize”. However, in modern conditions, the most relevant is the organization of economic relations in the agricultural sector based on the principle of sustainable use of all components of renewable resources, in this regard, innovative business models are needed that determine how to process what is currently considered waste.
 The problem of the study lies in the fact that during the transition of agricultural enterprises to relationships within a circular economy, it is necessary to take into account certain factors that determine both success and risk. This should include technical, logistical, economic, financial and marketing, organizational and spatial, institutional and legal, environmental, social and cultural factors. At the same time, the specific factors for the agricultural sector are innovative conversion technologies, flexible internal and external logistics, joint investments in R&D, price competitiveness, etc.
 The purpose of the study is to consider the points of contact and prospects for the symbiosis of the circular economy and the agricultural sector.
 In the analysis of the material, comparative research methods were used, the consideration of the research topic was carried out on the basis of an analysis of sources and publications covering the main conceptual foundations of the development of the circular economy and the agro-industrial complex.
 The authors concluded that while several success factors are also crucial for closed-loop business models in general, some of them are very specific to those evaluating agricultural waste and by-products.

РОЗВИТОК СИСТЕМИ БАНКІВСЬКОГО КРЕДИТУВАННЯ АГРАРНОГО БІЗНЕСУ

A factor in ensuring reproduction in agriculture is the development of a bank lending system. Currently, the need for credit resources in agriculture requires further development of a specialized system that would meet the requirements and conditions of a modern market economy. Issues of formation and development of the credit system in agriculture are considered both by domestic economic theory and practice and by countries with developed market relations, which are based on the development of the infrastructure of modern credit relations, forms and methods of lending. The sphere of agricultural lending is in the process of formation due to imperfect legislative provision, underdevelopment of the credit products market, and the absence of the vast majority of market infrastructure entities. Solving these problems will help expand the availability of agricultural producers to credit resources, as well as ensure the stabilization and development of the industry. Agricultural production is a strategically important sector of the national economy, the development of which depends on the level of food and national security of the country. The development of the modern agricultural sector as the most important component of the national economy largely depends on external sources of financing, the main of which is bank lending. State support for lending to farmers is an objective necessity. At the same time, limited access of farmers to credit resources of banks makes it impossible to increase production efficiency. Increasing the availability of farmers to credit resources is one of the priority areas for ensuring the dynamic development of agriculture, their functioning on self-financing and self-sufficiency. A well-established lending system plays an important role in lending to agricultural producers. Studies on the development of the bank lending system for agricultural producers indicate the lack of a developed legal framework for providing farmers with bank loans for both operating and investment activities. Preferential lending regime introduced in the practice of lending to farmers in modern conditions does not work due to lack of budget funds.

An intelligent system for crop identification and classification from UAV images using conjugated dense convolutional neural network

Crop identification and classification is an important aspect for modern agricultural sector. With development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems, crop identification from RGB images is experiencing a paradigm shift from conventional image processing techniques to deep learning strategies because of successful breakthrough in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). UAV images are quite trustworthy to identify different crops due to its higher spatial resolution. For precision agriculture crop identification is the primal criteria. Identifying a specific type of crop in a land is essential for performing proper farming and that also helps to estimate the net yield production of a particular crop. Previous works are limited to identify a single crop from the RGB images captured by UAVs and have not explored the chance of multi-crop classification by implementing deep learning techniques. Multi crop identification tool is highly needed as designing separate tool for each type of crop is a cumbersome job, but if a tool can successfully differentiate multiple crops then that will be helpful for the agro experts. In contrast with the previous existing techniques, this article elucidates a new conjugated dense CNN (CD-CNN) architecture with a new activation function named SL-ReLU for intelligent classification of multiple crops from RGB images captured by UAV. CD-CNN integrates data fusion and feature map extraction in conjunction with classification process. Initially a dense block architecture is proposed with a new activation function, called SL-ReLU, associated with the convolution operation to mitigate the chance of unbounded convolved output and gradient explosion. Dense block architecture concatenates all the previous layer features for determining the new features. This reduces the chance of losing important features due to deepening of the CNN module. Later, two dense blocks are conjugated with the help of a conversion block for obtaining better performance. Unlike traditional CNN, CD-CNN omits the use of fully connected layer and that reduces the chance of feature loss due to random weight initialization. The proposed CD-CNN achieves a strong distinguishing capability from several classes of crops. Raw UAV images of five different crops are captured from different parts of India and then small candidate crop regions are extracted from the raw images with the help of Arc GIS 10.3.1 software and then the candidate regions are fed to CD-CNN for proper training purpose. Experimental results show that the proposed module can achieve an accuracy of 96.2% for the concerned data. Further, superiority of the proposed network is established after comparing with other machine learning techniques viz. RF-200 and SVM, and standard CNN architectures viz. AlexNet, VGG-16, VGG-19 and ResNet-50.

Science and Technology in the Modern Agricultural Sector: An Overview

Innovation is an important one in contemporary agricultural sector than ever before. Contemporary farming and agricultural activities work another way than those a few years ago, principally because of progressions in the science and technology, with sensors, devices, equipments, machines, and information technology. This sector, as a whole is facing huge confronts, from increasing costs of inputs, a scarcity of workers, and changing consumers’ preferences for lucidity and sustainability. There is mounting importance from agricultural corporations that solutions are desirable for these confronts. As a consequence recent agricultural sector habitually uses classy technologies like robotics, sensors for measuring temperature and moisture, aerial images, and global positioning system technology. In the last 10 years, application scientific technologies in the agricultural sector has witnessed a increment in the investment worth of 6.7 billion USD endowed in the last five years and attracted 1.9 billion USD in the last one year alone. These modern technologies and accurate modern agricultural and robotic systems permit businesses to be more gainful, competent, safer, and more eco friendly. Further these modern technologies have paying attention around different areas such as interior vertical farming, computerization and robotics, livestock rearing technology, up to date greenhouse farming practices, exactitude agricultural and artificial intelligence, and blockchain. With this backdrop the present paper made an attempt to explain applications of the science and technology in the modern agricultural sector.

Financial and economic activity in agricultural enterprises: theoretical aspects

The goal is to show the specifics of conducting financial and economic activities in agricultural enterprises, which differs from other sectors of economy, which is more characterized by the assortment, volumes of products produced and sales in value terms, which is directly dependent on the quality, deterioration of production facilities, the availability of the necessary raw materials, materials, sales options. The following tasks were solved: problems of accounting in the entities of agricultural sphere were studied; identified difficulties in enhancing economic activity in farms of this sector; a system of measures is proposed to improve the efficiency of the use of land, production assets, material, financial and labor resources, reduce losses, increase the profitability of agricultural products and improve the financial and economic situation of farms, in the presence of extensive, promptly received information. The results of the analysis show that along with external factors (inflation, violation of parity of inter-industry exchange, effective demand, level of consumer income and other economic conditions of management), internal factors also have a great influence on financial and economic activities: optimization of the structure of assets, introduction of investment and innovation processes, technical and technological modernization of agricultural sector. Agricultural accounting helps to provide the necessary information on the progress of production processes, increase profitability and improve the quality of work. The main conclusions are that when organizing accounting in agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to provide the use of advanced information technologies, implementation of new opportunities for adaptation to the needs of various user groups, development of mechanisms for interaction with other programs. Effective agro-industrial production is possible only under the condition of a stable financial condition of economic entity.

Farmer’s decision determining factors in harvest technology selection in rice farming

Development of modern agricultural sector requires agricultural tools and machinery. Agricultural equipment and machinery technology is considered capable of increasing agricultural production and efficiency of time and labor. Furthermore, farmers’ decision on agricultural mechanization usage is influenced by internal and external factors. The recent study aims to determine the influencing factors toward farmer’s decision in harvest technology selection in rice farming. The research was conducted in Seputih Raman District, Central Lampung Regency in September – October 2016. The farmer’s decision determining factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression. As a result, the determining factors were the ease of operating rice harvester machines and land ownership status by farmers. However, new technology requirements are easy to adopt, one of which is the ease of testing. Therefore, technically harvester machine assembling is not complicated and easy to operate.

AdvisOnt: семантизація сервісів агродорадництва для валідації результатів неформального та інформального навчання. II

Introduction. A characteristic feature of the modern agricultural sector is the use of advisory that provides the implementation of modern technologies into the production process. We analyze the specifics of existing advisory systems, their goals, main activities, and problems. This analysis causes expediency of documentation and validation of informal and non-formal outcomes of learning typical for agriculture and their processing by knowledge-oriented services based on modern Semantic Web technologies and resources. Purpose. This work is intended for the integration of labour and education markets and is aimed at semantization of agricultural advisory services for the expansion of advisory system functionality with the help of validation of outcomes of non-formal and informal learning of potential employees. Processing of semantics is based on the use of knowledge about agriculture subjects from internal and external ontologies by advisory intelligent applications. Such processing requires the creation of a relevant formal model that describes all main objects and subjects of agro-advisory activities, development of formalization methods for model components and defining of matching criteria based on internal and external ontologies. Software realization of proposed solution by AdvisOnt system is aimed at demonstration of its efficiency for practical agro-advisory tasks and advantages of semantic approach. Methods. In this work, we use methods of mathematical modeling, elements of ontological analysis and logical inference. Results. We propose an advisory system AdvisOnt that analyses the outcomes of non-formal and informal learning and ensures their validation for more efficient matching of information about potential employees, employers and agricultural educational resources. AdvisOnt is based on ontological representation of this knowledge formalized by competencies, vacancies, training courses, user profiles, etc. The system is aimed to generate recommendations for employment or further learning of necessary competencies by matching these objects. External knowledge bases are used for semantic formalization of vacancies and resumes for their more pertinent matching with the help of agricultural domain knowledge and competence classifications. AdvisOnt users receive recommendations on employment and about training courses that provide advisable competencies. Conclusion. Sustainable development of agro-industrial production needs rapid dissemination of agricultural knowledge and information, mobility and continuous training of agricultural professionals provided by advisory systems. We suggest how using ontological knowledge for advisory services allows to expand the possibilities of counseling. In the future, we plan to consider the ways of integration of AdvisOnt system that validates outcomes of informal and non-formal learning with other counseling and recommendation systems in the field of education and employment taking into account the specifics of the agricultural sector through external domain and organizational ontologies. The openness of the proposed solution is based on Semantic Web technologies and service-oriented programming.

ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ЦИРКУЛЯРНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В АКВАКУЛЬТУРЕ

The elements of circular technologies in aquaculture on various types of energy are considered. The development of forms of aquaculture from pasture to industrial with an increase in the share of circular technologies is shown. It is noted that the use of cage fish farming on the waste warm waters of energy facilities is complicated by eutrophication at high fish planting densities and the peculiarities of temperature and hydrochemical regimes. The need to select new aquaculture objects with a fast growth rate, thermophilic and not demanding to the oxygen content in the water is noted: the African clarias catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a promising object for growing in warm waters. The possibilities of including other representatives of catfish - shilbovye catfish (Pangasius) - are considered. It is shown that due to the expansion of biotechnologies for growing valuable objects in installations with a closed water supply cycle, thermophilic hydrobionts, for example, the Australian red-clawed crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, can be used as elite delicatessen products. It is shown that the complex hydrobiocenosis of fouling is formed by a set of consults of different orders. A fish-breeding system with elements of circular technologies becomes similar in structure to a natural ecosystem. The results of experimental cultivation of spicy vegetable crops on the waste products of carp and clary catfish are presented. Aquaculture and aquaponics as specific components of the modern agricultural sector in development are focused on industrial production technologies with the use of circular technologies for the efficient use of resources.