Modern Agricultural Machinery Research Articles

ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТА ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ЩЕЛОЧНОГО ЧИСЛА МОТОРНОГО МАСЛА ОТ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ ФАКТОРОВ В ПРЕДЕЛАХ ОДНОГО СРОКА ЗАМЕНЫ

Timely replacement of oil in engines of modern agricultural machinery is economically feasible, since it allows to fully exhaust the resource of engine oil and ensure the safety of the internal combustion engine. One of the ways to determine the moment of engine oil replacement with sufficient accuracy is to use a digital twin, for the creation of which data on the influence of operational factors on oil degradation obtained experimentally are required. Features of conducting experimental studies during engine bench tests are analyzed in the paper. An algorithm for planning an experiment based on probabilistic methods has been developed. It is shown that a bench experiment to collect data for building a digital twin can be carried out within one period of engine oil replacement, it should be planned in several stages and consist of several series of experiments, since the moment of reaching the critical value of the base number is not known in advance, and when planning the main experiment covering 250 engine hours in two series of 10 experiments, the duration of each experiment is determined from the condition of equality of the error in determining the change in the base number. The duration of the first series of experiments was 62.7 engine hours, and the second — 187.3 engine hours. The developed algorithm allowed to build a plan of a bench experiment consisting of four series of experiments with sequential uniform filling of the factor space without repeating the engine operating modes. The resulting experimental plan allows to determine the data with the planned accuracy, minimizes the number of experiments and uniformly fills the factor space at any duration of the experiment.

Design and development of machine vision robotic arm for vegetable crops in hydroponics

Modern agricultural machinery such as harvesting robotic arms are necessary to optimize the semi-automated agricultural processes to meet the ever-growing food needs of the population of the world. Production of low cost and highly efficient robotic arms are needed to meet the needs of the small-scale growers of underdeveloped countries. In this regard, mechanical design, sensor placement, and object identification are essential to optimize the performance of agricultural robots. This research is conducted to design a fully automated robotic arm for fruit picking in hydroponics system and research farm using machine vision to help the smallholders. For this purpose, a robotic arm with 1.3 m in height is designed using aluminum (18-gauge) and mild steel (MS-16) as fabrication material for the mechanical structure. The prototype design is tested for stress estimation at various payloads using SolidWorks simulations. The proposed robotic arm is based on a four degrees of freedom (4-DoF) design with the gripper having an opening range of 5.5 to 12 cm depending upon the task to handle various objects. The robotic arm is installed on an expandable vertical mobile platform that enables an expanded operational workspace with lower energy consumption. The total weight of the robotic arm is 60 kgs housing a payload capacity ranging between 8 and 10 kgs in accordance with industry-standard load-bearing specifications. The inverse kinematic algorithm using DH-table is computed with an accuracy of up to 95 % and target height of gripper is cross checked by mounting the ultrasonic sensor at the base of robotic arm. The YOLOv8 algorithm is used for object detection using the depth sense camera having angle range of 0.3 m to 3 m with the precision of up to 96 %. The time needed for recognition of fruits and pitching was about 15 s, with a success rate of up to 90 %. This research produces a low-cost and efficient solution for stallholders by developing a fully automated robotic arm for fruit picking. It optimizes agricultural productivity through improved mechanical design, sensor accuracy, and object detection which reduces labor costs by increasing efficiency of semi-automated farming systems. Further research is required to optimize the overall weight of the system and automation of the movement of robotic arm system between the consecutive rows to build a fully autonomous fruit picking operation in hydroponics.

Unmanned Agricultural Machine Operation System in Farmland Based on Improved Fuzzy Adaptive Priority-Driven Control Algorithm

Autonomous driving technology for agricultural machinery can maximise crop yield, reduce labour costs, and alleviate labour intensity. In response to the current low degree of automation and low tracking accuracy of driving paths in agricultural equipment, this research proposes an unmanned agricultural machinery operating system based on an improved fuzzy adaptive PD control algorithm. Firstly, mechanical kinematic models and fuzzy adaptive control algorithms are introduced to achieve autonomous driving, and parameter settings and speed adjustments are made while considering errors. Secondly, in the autonomous driving operation system, taking a certain rice machine as an example, perception information, trajectory design, dynamic control, operation supervision, and remote control design are carried out. The experimental results show that the improved fuzzy algorithm exhibits smaller deviation results in driving path tracking, with an average error between the actual path and the expected path of less than 0.001 m. In different testing scenarios, compared with the actual control results, the maximum deviation of the control system platform in straight sections is less than 2.8 m, which is more stable. More than 95% of the lateral deviation results in the road sections are within 0.11 m. And the tracking distance error of the proposed method in the straight and curved segments is relatively small, far smaller than other comparative algorithms. The unmanned agricultural machinery operation system proposed in this study can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of agricultural machinery work, promote the development of intelligent and modern agricultural machinery, and provide reference value and important contributions to social and economic development as well as the progress and promotion of related technologies.

Assessment of the utilization of modern agricultural machinery in rice production and its problems: A case from San Leonardo, Philippines

This study examines the relationship between the utilization of modern agricultural machinery and the business technical aspect of rice production of paddy field farmers in San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of modern machinery on the business technical aspect of the farmers and the paddy field owners. The study utilized descriptive analysis to assess the use of modern agricultural machinery in rice production and its problems. The design was quantitative, using percentage, frequencies, and weighted mean. The results revealed that the majority of respondents have been operating for 11 to 20 years, owned 1 hectare of land that cultivate 2 times a year and harvest 86 rice sacks per hectare. Rice cultivation is happened during wet and dry season. To maximizing the land, farmers can try other crops while waiting for the season of rice cultivation. In agricultural mechanization, it concluded that plowing machines helps remove clods from the soil, transplanting rice seedlings and applying chemicals using machine can saves time. Harvester machine is suitable in small and large farmland for harvesting and may help farmers to save time, effort and total cost requirements. Local Government Unit to support through grants and funding the local rice farmers in maximizing utilization of machines that shows positive effect.

Analysis of the Economic Feasibility of Using Modern Agricultural Machinery in Oil Palm Plantations in South Sumatra

This study investigates the economic feasibility of using modern agricultural machinery in oil palm plantations in South Sumatra. A quantitative approach was employed, involving 40 samples collected through a structured questionnaire utilizing a Likert scale from 1 to 5. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, focusing on key economic indicators such as production efficiency, cost savings, and profitability. The results revealed strong positive and significant relationships between the use of modern machinery and all three economic indicators. The findings suggest that modern agricultural machinery significantly enhances economic performance in oil palm plantations, making it a viable investment for improving productivity and profitability. These insights provide valuable guidance for plantation owners and policymakers in promoting the adoption of advanced agricultural technology in the region.

A data-driven approach to agricultural machinery working states analysis during ploughing operations

In the field of precision agriculture, there is a significant shift towards data-driven methodologies that considerably enhance the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural operations. This research investigates the application of CAN-Bus and GNSS data to develop a comprehensive analysis of agricultural machinery's operational states during ploughing operations through advanced data analytics techniques, including machine learning. The primary tool utilized in this study is the Random Forest classifier, a robust algorithm well-suited for handling the complexity and volume of data typical in modern agricultural settings. The study evaluates Random Forest models trained on various feature subsets to accurately identify different operational states of agricultural machinery, including idle, moving, turning, and working states. By merging CAN-Bus data, which capture real-time operational parameters, with GNSS data, providing spatial and temporal context, it is possible to achieve a comprehensive understanding of machinery behaviour and its interaction with field conditions. This integration significantly enhances decision-making capabilities in farm management, leading to more effective and efficient operations.Furthermore, the findings from this study contribute to the broader agricultural community by illustrating how data-driven approaches can harness the vast amounts of data generated by modern agricultural machinery. This research underscores the potential of machine learning modelsnot only to interpret complex data sets but also to transform these insights into actionable knowledge, which can lead to more precise and sustainable agricultural practices. Overall, this study offers a systematic approach for analysing agricultural data and lays the groundwork for future advancements in incorporating machine learning and IoT technologies into the agricultural sector. This aims to enhance productivity and sustainability in farming practices.

Innovation and investment activities in crop production in Kazakhstan based on the example of grain industry: modern approaches

Innovative and investment development of agro-industrial complex, based on modernization of technical equipment, introduction of digital technologies, and increase in investment flow, helps to increase labor productivity and create competitive products, which determined the relevance of the study. The goal is theoretical and methodological substantiation and development of practical recommendations for stimulating innovation and investment activity in crop production sector of the republic based on the example of grain subcomplex. Methods – study of statistical, economic information, systematic approach to identifying general trends and effects, graphical representation. Results – lack of modern agricultural machinery, insufficient level of modernization of rural infrastructure and access to the market, low degree of renewal of fixed assets of enterprises, wear and tear of machinery and equipment, limited influx of investments due to seasonality and high risks for investors have become the main obstacle to sustainable growth of the main indicators of this sector of economy. The authors conducted correlation analysis of the dynamics of investment in crop production and gross production, which was confirmed by strong positive relationship. Conclusions – by summarizing, the authors recommend increase investment capital in the use of environmental and green technologies, implementing training and consulting programs for farmers on advanced technologies and innovations in crop production farms, leasing financing, and partnerships with research institutes for the exchange of knowledge and experience. Joint research and experiments should become the main tools of state regulation of innovation and investment activities in agriculture in order to ensure the country's food security. Investments and innovations should be considered as a single system, on the successful functioning of which the economic recovery and stabilization of agricultural production depend.

ПРОБЛЕМА ПОВЫШЕНИЯ НАДЕЖНОСТИ МАШИН И ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ

The basis for a satisfactory level of operability of modern machines and equipment of domestic production was and remains the engineering and technical service of equipment and the "Planned preventive maintenance and repair system of machines in agriculture." Timely implementation of mechanized processes and work with low reliability of agricultural machinery requires an increase in the level of reliability and serviceability of the fleet of machines and equipment. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the operational reliability of modern agricultural machinery based on the development and implementation of proprietary technical service. (Materials and methods) Materials obtained as a result of the author's own research and data on the reliability of domestic machinery and equipment from open sources were used in the research. The following methods were applied: comparative assessments, analysis and synthesis of the results of a survey of the operational reliability of agricultural machinery and equipment in real-world operation, the effectiveness of using various forms and methods of organizing their production and technical service. (Results and discussion) It was determined that an increase in the level of operability and reliability of modern domestic equipment can be ensured only with a significant improvement in the quality of manufacturing machinery and equipment and with the direct participation of the equipment manufacturer in technical service based on the proprietary method of technical service. It was noted that the organization of corporate technical service is possible only when creating a corporate production and technological system of mechanical engineering. The solution of this problem by the forces and means of existing separate equipment manufacturing plants is not possible. (Conclusions) To improve the reliability of modern domestic technology, it is necessary to reorganize the existing system of separate manufacturing plants, create large machine-building firms and branded technical service centers.

Farmer Application

The aim of the program is to provide a platform for farmers to rent modern agricultural machinery and equipment as well as rent storage space for crops. The app will also connect to government servers to track data on crops, fertilizer use and government funds. Records of machinery and equipment will be kept along with details of the crop stored. In India, agriculture is the main source of income for the majority of the population. However, many farmers are not aware of advances in agricultural technology and cannot understand the market value of their products. That's why they often sell products at very low prices. In addition, they also try to follow the government's agricultural plans and reports. To solve these problems, our initiative will create a platform where farmers can get the latest information on vegetables and fruits in every market in India. This will help them sell their products at reasonable prices and improve their financial situation. Additionally, farmers will also receive notifications regarding government agricultural programs and in-app notifications to benefit from these programs. Additionally, our application will help farmers prepare the required products by estimating the amount of vegetables and fruits according to the market. We will also include weather data to support farmers' planning for the next 2-3 days. Overall, our programs focus on providing farmers with new knowledge and technology that will improve their livelihoods and increase their productivity

A Comparative Study on the Operational Efficiency of Joystick and Touch Screen Control Methods for Sugarcane Harvesters

Reducing cumbersome mechanical control components is one of the trends of modern agricultural machinery towards a high degree of automation. Whether the control components of sugarcane harvesters can gradually be replaced by central control screens, similar to car cabins, is an unresolved question. At the level of human machine interaction, this involves comparing the efficiency between joystick and touch screen control. This paper conducts a simulated experiment to compare and study the efficiency and user experience of joystick and touch screen control in adjusting the topper and base cutter heights of sugarcane harvesters, aiming to provide a reasonable basis for the design of control interfaces in sugarcane harvester cabins. The electromyographic signals, experiment duration, and subjective cognitive evaluations of participants in both the topper and base cutter groups were analyzed. The results showed that the efficiency, learnability, and ease of use of different control methods varied under different operational tasks. For the topper that corresponds to the operating behavior and height transformation in real time, joystick control demonstrated superior ease of use and operational efficiency compared to touch screen control, with weaker learnability. There was no discernible difference in muscle activation levels between the two control methods. Consequently, joystick control is deemed more suitable for the height adjustment of the topper. Regarding the base cutter with non-real-time mapping of operating behavior and height changes, no significant disparity in ease of use and learnability was observed between the two control methods. Touch screen control yielded lower muscle activation levels and garners higher overall subjective cognitive scale ratings. Thus, touch screen control is considered more suitable for base cutter height adjustment. Lastly, the paper proposes the optimal combination of software and hardware for control components in sugarcane harvester cabins, and provides an objective and multidimensional experimental analysis method for future research on similar human machine interaction interfaces.

A Review of Contact Models’ Properties for Discrete Element Simulation in Agricultural Engineering

In agricultural engineering, the discrete element simulation of the operational structure, object of movement, and force has become a standard method of modern agricultural equipment design. The selection and development of an appropriate contact model are critical factors affecting the accuracy of the process of the simulation calculation of the movement and force. Understanding how to choose or establish suitable contact models according to different research fields, objects, and purposes has become the focus of present research. This paper gives an overview of contact models for discrete element simulation, summarizes and analyzes the simulation calculation basis of different contact models, and focuses on the application status and scenarios of different models at this stage. It analyzes and summarizes the selection basis and application fields of contact models. The next direction in the development of discrete element simulation contact models should be the hybrid application of multicontact models and the precise development of specialized contact models. It is necessary to establish a standardized parameter-calibration process for different contact models to guarantee the accuracy of the models, to improve the application of computer arithmetic, and to establish an efficient and accurate simulation contact model selection and application in the field of agricultural engineering. Efficient and accurate simulation contact model selection, design theory, and calculation processes will improve the efficiency of modern agricultural machinery design.

Modern Agricultural Machinery and Agri-Food Supply Chain Management for Efficient Agricultural Development in Africa: A Case Study of Burkina Faso

Modern Agricultural Machinery and Agri-Food Supply Chain Management for Efficient Agricultural Development in Africa: A Case Study of Burkina Faso

Tractor acquisition and agricultural performance among Nigerian farmers: Evidence from Co-integration Modeling technique

Given the envisioned significance of the agricultural sector in Nigeria, which scholars have argued has the potential to promote pro-poor growth and poverty alleviation. However, questions have been raised about using and accessing modern agricultural machinery for farm cultivation. In this regard, this study uses a co-integration modelling technique to investigate the impact of tractor acquisition on agricultural performance. Two equations were established through the normalisation processes to proxy agricultural performance: the agricultural output and employment equations. Firstly, the analysis procedure requires a preliminary test to determine the statistical properties of the series used in this study; evidence from the outcome indicates that the series are not stationarity at level form and are integrated of order one. Secondly, based on the outcome of the preliminary result, the error correction model approach to co-integration was adopted, which helps to capture the short-term dynamics and long-term equilibrium of the effect of tractor acquisition on agricultural output and employment. The findings from the agricultural output equation show that credit to the agricultural sector, land cultivated for agricultural purposes, and tractor acquisition are statistically significant contributors to agricultural output. The agricultural employment equation shows that credit to agricultural purposes, land cultivated for agriculture and rainfall have a positive long-term relationship with employment. At the same time, tractor acquisition has a negative impact on agricultural employment in the long run. In the short run, exchange rate, rainfall, and tractor acquisition positively correlate with agricultural employment. In contrast, credit for agricultural purposes and land cultivated for agriculture negatively affects employment. Based on the findings, there is a need to strengthen policies that support access to credit, promote sustainable land use practices, and enhance water management. Also, policymakers should consider implementing measures that encourage the adoption of tractor technology while simultaneously addressing potential challenges related to job displacement.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ БЮДЖЕТНОГО ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ВЛОЖЕНИЙ В ОБНОВЛЕНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ

The results and efficiency of agricultural production largely depend on the availability of enterprises with working and modern agricultural machinery and equipment, the renewal of which is associated with large amounts of capital investments, therefore, most manufacturers, as a rule, need co-financing of these costs from the state. State support for the renewal of agricultural machinery at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, expressed in the provision of subsidies for its manufacture, overhaul or purchase, on the one hand acts as a gratuitous source of financing for investments in machinery and serves as a tool to stimulate its timely renewal by enterprises. On the other hand, budget expenditures must be efficient and selective in order to achieve the key long-term goals of the state, which are to increase the volume of agricultural production, increase the efficiency and financial viability of producers, increase incomes, and attractive working conditions and life of the rural population. In accordance with the key goals of the state, we propose to evaluate the effectiveness of budget financing for the renewal of agricultural machinery in the context of three groups of indicators (criteria): economic, social and those that ensure efficiency. On the basis of well-known special methods (accounting method, financial-mathematical method, methods of integrated assessment) for evaluating the effectiveness, the authors of the article developed and substantiated methodological tools for assessing the static and dynamic efficiency of budget expenditures for the renewal of agricultural machinery. One of the main problems in the practical implementation of the methodology is the lack of accounting and analytical information due to the lack of all indicators required by the methodology in the system of reporting data of agricultural producers. The research materials presented in the work can be used by public authorities, investors and agricultural producers to assess the effectiveness of the use of financial resources invested in real assets of the agricultural sector.

Implementasi Alat dan Mesin Pertanian dalam Mendukung Kedaulatan Pangan Indonesia

Indonesia is preparing to face three global crises, namely the food, energy and financial crises simultaneously. The world is heading for the Covid-19 Endemic which has an impact on inflation. Food sovereignty is the implementation of agricultural tools and machines in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to describe the choice of implementation tools and modern agricultural machinery that can be used in Indonesia. This study uses a literature study research method. At this time, the implementation of agricultural tools and machinery is an important component for modern agriculture in achieving the target of sustainable food self-sufficiency. Even technological advances in the implementation of agricultural tools and machinery will make agriculture victorious, so that Indonesia can become a world food barn. , Indonesia must also be able to independently produce its own machines.. Even further, it can become a producer and export its agricultural machinery abroad as well as being a solution to the global crisis and the current endemic Covid-19, so that it is required to pay more attention to environmental problems..In the future , there are still many obstacles that must be faced, bearing in mind that the production of weapons, especially rice, in the future will face several problems such as limited arable land, air, and manpower.

Aksi Irasional dan Keseimbangan Sosial dalam Perubahan Sosial akibat Penggunaan Mesin Pertanian Modern pada Pengelolaan Sawah

The inclusion of modern agricultural machinery, combine harvesters, in a village can have two social impacts: (1) the loss of a culture of mutual cooperation with a system of reciprocity between landowners and farm workers, and (2) a large loss of employment opportunities for farm workers in managing agricultural land in their villages. This can certainly make the social balance in the village disturbed, even so in Permata Village this balance is maintained. This social balance was researched using Vilfredo Pareto's individual action analysis framework and using qualitative approaches and case study methods. Social facts are moulders of individual actions, and rational actions exist only within economic facts, so a number of problems that are not resolved by economic means require consideration of irrational factors. The informant's statements regarding the actions they performed were analyzed to be categorized as irrational, which was then discussed with the concept of residue and derivation from Pareto. This study succeeded in explaining that there are four main factors of irrational actions that maintain social balance in the village, these four factors are reduced to coincidence factors and factors of systematic and appropriate interpretation and way of responding by the village government elite.

SYNTHESIS OF THE MODERN AGRICULTURAL MACHINES TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION FORM, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PECULIARITIES OF THE OPERATION OF THEIR HYDRAULIC DRIVES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The domestic scientific and methodical principles of the organization of the system of technical maintenance and repair of agricultural machines today do not fully comply with the established material and technical capabilities and market relations that have developed in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine, directly in the context of hydraulic machines, which are equipped with modern agricultural machinery. Decomposition of the theoretical structure of the organization of technical maintenance and repair of components of agricultural machines, further analysis of its elements made it possible to identify a number of factors: subjective distribution of service personnel, improperly organized exchange of experience between equipment operators within the enterprise, no reward for independent elimination of equipment failures by own efforts, an unhealthy level of competition between equipment operators during seasonal agricultural works in accordance with the terms of their implementation, which affects the quality of repair and maintenance work of hydraulic equipment. As a result of solving the identified issues of the maintenance and repair system, a system of restrictions has been proposed, which reflects the control of the efficiency indicators of the operators of the equipment due to their compliance with the values of the performance factor of the norms of agricultural technical works, changes in the time of performing agricultural technical works and restoring the efficiency of hydraulic drives. Based on the proposals, an algorithm has also been built to eliminate the failure of machines in the organization of maintenance and repair due to the depersonalization of the items of the machine and tractor fleet. The presented form, to a greater extent, is based on the minimization of the negative effects of the human factor, which prevent the objective organization of the work of equipment operators in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine, which allows to reduce the average downtime of equipment and the deadlines for performing agricultural technical works due to the reassessment of the role of the qualification of equipment operators in service maintenance aggregates of hydraulic systems. The theoretical efficiency of the developed form of organization of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery will boost with an increase in the number of machines in the machine fleet of the agricultural sector, and proposals involving a change in the system of exchange of experience between machinery operators require a sufficient number of workers and machinery to ensure the possibility of solving tasks in pairs to avoid working equipment downtime.

Study on the selection of the type and parameters of moldboard plow for combined tillage system

This article highlights information on the development of new techniques for preparing the planting area of nurseries for growing seedlings of ornamental trees and rare flowers. In forestry, the use of modern energy-saving agricultural machinery to create optimal conditions for plant growth allows for high volumes of product with minimal labor and material costs. Agricultural machines used today do not fully meet the agrotechnical requirements of technological operations. Therefore, it became necessary to improve the design of the combined tillage used, which in one pass carry out various work on preparing the soil for sowing, and for this, first of all, it is necessary to improve their working bodies that will produce a good air-water soil exchange. In the proposed technology, the furrow former of the complex tillage system reduces the accumulation of soil clods under the working body, forming optimal furrows for planting ornamental trees and seedlings of rare flowers. And since a complex operation is carried out in one run, it reduces the other cost. A plow with two moldboard bodies, of a combined tillage system, must comply with the requirements for use, and at the same time, the height of the moldboard plow opening furrows must be at least 20.5 cm, opening angle of the share wings is 60-65º, the angle of entry into the soil is 35-40º, the angle of the side cut of the wings of the working body is 37-40º, the width of the share wings is not less than 41 cm, the body length of plow must be not less than 78 cm.

ДИАГНОСТИКА МОСТОВЫХ ПЕРЕЕЗДОВ НА МАЛЫХ РЕКАХ И МЕЛИОРАТИВНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ С УЧЕТОМ УГРОЗЫ ВНЕЗАПНОГО ПАВОДКА НА ЮГЕ РОССИИ

Purpose: to study the features of the diagnostics of bridge crossings on small rivers and reclamation systems to improve their technical efficiency operation during burst showers. Materials and methods. Climate changes in the south of Russia occur in the direction of increasing precipitation, namely, catastrophic downpours leading to flooding of both mountainous and flat territories (Nevinnomyssk 2002, Novorossiysk 2002, Krymsk 2012, Krymsk 2012, Sochi 2022). The studies were conducted in April 2022 on the example of bridge crossing over the river Ubin in stanitsa Azovskaya Krasnodar Territory. The small rivers of the south of Russia are not cleared properly, garbage accumulates, branches, whole trees, the channels of small rivers are littered almost all over. When burst showers occur, the level of small rivers instantly rises, the soil no longer absorbs anything, the flow rate increases, the river turns into a mudflow, and the jams begin to be formed at bridge crossings. Results. It has been determined that the bridge crossing begins to work as a pressure dam, in the upstream, backwater flooding, a kind of barricades are formed, leading to great damage and what is the worst, the loss of life. The bridge crossings on small rivers and reclamation systems lose their operation life due to increased technogenic loads. In connection with the increasing development of rural areas in the south of Russia, the increase in the amount of modern road transport and agricultural machinery and the number of vehicles moving along this reinforced concrete hydraulic structure, a technical problem to meet operational requirements arises. Conclusions. In the course of the survey, multiple deviations from the requirements of the current regulatory documentation and the project were revealed. Based on the combination of features, the operation of the erected hydraulic structures without the use of compensatory measures is impossible.

Retracted: Application and Research of Computer Intelligent Technology in Modern Agricultural Machinery Equipment.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/9978167.].