Moderate Relationship Research Articles

IMPACT OF MALNUTRITION ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SCHOOL CHILDREN AT SELECTED SCHOOL, THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT.

Introduction: Malnutrition remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in developing countries, where it adversely affects the growth, health, and academic performance of children. This study aims to assess the impact of malnutrition on the academic performance of school children at selected school, Tiruvallur district.Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and selected a sample of 30 students through convenient sampling. Inclusion criteria included children enrolled in the selected school, aged 6 to 12 years, with parental or guardian consent for participation. Exclusion criteria were children with known chronic illnesses that could affect growth or academic performance, students absent during data collection, and those without parental or guardian consent.Results: Out of the students that were sampled, 26.7% reported mild malnutrition with 50% having a normal BMI. In addition, 16.7% of the students were determined to be moderately malnourished, and another 6.7% were severely malnourished. We found a significant negative correlation between malnutrition and academic performance, r = -0.55, with a moderate negative relationship. This implies that as malnutrition increases academic outcomes decrease as nutritional status has a significant impact on academic performance of students.Conclusions: The study concluded that a high prevalence of malnutrition among school children with 50% affected, and a moderate negative correlation (r = -0.55) between malnutrition and academic performance. The findings emphasize that addressing malnutrition is essential not only for health but also for improving educational outcomes

Determinants of Resilience Practices among Small Business Owners in Lagos State, Nigeria

Entrepreneurial resilience is crucial for the sustainability of small businesses in the dynamic and challenging environment of Lagos State. This study investigates the impact of business duration, business size, academic qualifications, and women’s participation in business on the resilience and adaptability of small business owners. The sample comprised 422 small business owners selected from five major markets in Lagos State: Bariga Market, Oyingbo Market, Computer Village, Ikotun Market, and Igando Market, using a stratified random sampling technique to ensure diverse representation across various business sectors. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using regression analysis. The results indicate a strong positive relationship between business duration and resilience, explaining 47.6% of the variance (R² = 0.476, p < 0.001), suggesting that longer operational history significantly enhances resilience through accumulated experience and strategic coping mechanisms. A moderate positive relationship was found between business size and resilience, accounting for 32.1% of the variance (R² = 0.321, p = 0.036), implying that larger businesses with more employees are better equipped to handle challenges due to greater resource capacity. Additionally, academic qualifications were found to be a significant predictor of adaptability, explaining 41.7% of the variance (R² = 0.417, p = 0.031), indicating that higher educational attainment improves business owners’ ability to adapt to environmental changes. Women’s participation in business also showed a positive influence on resilience, accounting for 26.9% of the variance (R² = 0.269, p < 0.001), highlighting the role of gender diversity in fostering resilience. These findings underscore the importance of experience, business size, education, and gender diversity in building resilience and adaptability among small business owners in Lagos State. ...

Flipbook Media Increases Elementary School Students' Interest and Learning Outcomes in Citizenship Education

Students' low interest and learning outcomes are due to the application of less creative and innovative learning media in class III. This research aims to analyze the application of flipbook-based learning media to increase student interest and learning outcomes in Citizenship Education subjects. This research is included in quantitative research. The research method used in this quantitative research design is the ex post facto method. The population in this study was all 30 grade III elementary school students. The sampling technique used by researchers is purposive sampling with a sample size of 30 students. The methods used to collect data are observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The research instruments used in this research were interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and test questions. The data analysis technique used in this research uses the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) computer software application. The research results, namely the correlation results, show that the flipbook learning media and interest in learning have a moderate relationship. The correlation results also show that the flipbook learning media and learning outcomes are closely related. The t-test results showed an increase in the application of flipbook learning media to increase interest in learning for 3rd grade elementary school students. The test results also show an increase in the application of flipbook learning media to improve student learning outcomes. It was concluded that applying flipbook learning media could increase student interest and learning outcomes.

Spatiotemporal characterization and hydrological impact of drought patterns in northwestern Morocco

Drought assessment and management, intensified by global warming, present critical challenges in semi-arid Mediterranean regions, impacting environmental sustainability and economic stability. This study evaluates spatiotemporal drought risk in the Bouregreg watershed in northwest Morocco by integrating remote sensing data with various drought indices. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and the Standardized Temperature Index (STI) were utilized to assess meteorological drought over a 12-month period. The Temperature Conditions Index (TCI) was used to evaluate temperature-related conditions for agricultural drought, while the GRACE Drought Severity Index (GRACEDSI) assessed hydrological drought on a monthly scale. Additionally, trend analysis was performed using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope methods, and Pearson correlations were conducted among the indices. The findings revealed an overall downward trend in drought indices, with evapotranspiration (SPEI) being the primary drought driver. Over the study period, there was a significant increase in total evaporation demand, largely attributed to rising temperatures (STI and TCI). Meanwhile, precipitation conditions (SPI) remained relatively stable, highlighting the impact of global warming on agricultural and hydrological drought severity patterns in recent years. The results further indicated that drought risk is more pronounced in the plateau and plain areas of the Bouregreg compared to the mountainous regions. In evaluating water reserves, total water storage (TWS) data obtained from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) was utilized. Comparisons were made between in situ groundwater level (GWL) data and those from GRACE TWS at a resolution of 0.25°. Our results reveal concordant trends between the two datasets, despite the differences in resolution. The TWS appears to be strongly correlated with GWL measurements and precipitation data with a lag of 1–4 months. The findings underscored a significant decline in water reserves and worsening drought conditions in recent years. Correlation analyses also revealed a moderate relationship between this decline and the systematic temperature rise, suggesting shared trends influenced by other anthropogenic factors not accounted for in the analysis. In summary, these results underscore the vulnerability of the entire study area to various forms of drought, ranging from mild to extreme severity.

The Effectiveness of Multimedia Usage in Learning Arabic Language (Foreign Language) Based on Student Score Achievement

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Educational Revolution 5.0 on the Malaysian higher education system appear to have made learning Arabic much simpler, more accessible, and easier to understand. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of multimedia usage in teaching and learning of Arabic language. The Arabic language achievement scale score was examined through exploratory factor analysis, focusing on three dimensions: teaching method, learning method, and the lecturer’s role in utilising multimedia. The article, which was quantitative research-based, also analysed the relationship between student achievement and these three variables. 266 respondents were selected using the random sampling technique of PLS-SEM analysis. The result showed a weak relationship between lecturers’ roles and score achievement with a correlation of 0.103, followed by the teaching method (0.242). Meanwhile, learning methods have been identified as having a moderate relationship with a correlation of 0.422. The findings also showed that the learning method had the highest mean compared to other factors. This result highlighted that the students are not mentally and physically prepared for optimum multimedia usage in learning Arabic language, with an IPMA performance index of 73.287 compared to the teaching method and lecturer role.

Digit-in-Noise Test as a Hearing Screening Test for Individuals With Intellectual Disability.

Diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID) may overshadow, or co-occur with, hearing impairment, but screening is frequently inaccessible due to various factors that prevent successful test execution. There is a pressing need for easily, locally administered hearing tests. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the digit-in-noise (DIN) test, as well as three variations of it, as a hearing screening for individuals with mild to moderate ID. Additionally, we explored correlations between participant characteristics and cognitive-linguistic abilities, with DIN test performance. Forty participants with ID aged 21-40 were recruited from two supported employment centres, 31 of whom met full inclusion criteria. Controls were 20 typically developed (TD) participants, aged 21-40. The original DIN test (DIN(3)) was administered, and those unable to recall the three digits were administered a version with two digits (DIN(2)). Participants unable to successfully complete DIN(3) or DIN(2) were administered versions with added visual and verbal performance feedback. A significant difference in speech receptive threshold in noise (SRTn) between DIN(2) and DIN(3) was only present for the ID group. A moderate negative relationship between DIN(2) SRTn and vocabulary and a positive relationship with age was found for the ID group; no correlation was found with digit span or matrices. The DIN(2) SRTn was correlated with the average hearing level of pure tones measured by audiometry. Our findings highlight the DIN(2) as the most effective version, as its signal-to-noise ratio (SRTn) threshold was closest to the typically developed (TD) control group. This study is the first step towards developing a hearing screening test for individuals with ID who are at elevated risk of impairment and who have insufficient evaluation access. Our findings suggest that adults with mild to moderate ID can sufficiently perform the adapted DIN(2) as a hearing screening test.

Use of Cervical Fascia to Prevent Pharyngocutaneus Fistula After Total Laryngectomy.

This study aimed to compare the pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) between patients who underwent reconstruction using cervical fascia after total laryngectomy and those who did not and to investigate the factors affecting PCF rates. We retrospectively compared 22 patients operated between February 2021 and March 2023 who received cervical fascia flap as the study group and 21 patients operated between January 2018 and March 2023 who did not receive fascia flap as the control group. The study included patients who underwent total laryngectomy for Stage 3 and 4 squamous cell laryngeal cancer. We included 43 patients, with 22 (51.2%) and 21 patients (48.8%) in the study and control groups, respectively. The age and sex were not different between the two groups (p = 0.471, p = 0.176, respectively). The distribution of patients as per sex, smoking, alcohol use, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and multiple comorbidities was similar in both groups (p > 0.05). PCF was observed in one patient (4.5%) and seven patients (33.3%) in the study and control groups, respectively. The PCF rate was significantly lower in the study group (p = 0.021). When the relationship between flap use and risk factors was compared by correlation analysis, a moderate negative relationship was found between flap use and PCF (p = 0.015, r = -0.370). The use of a cervical fascia flap is effective in reducing fistula rates after total laryngectomy. Its main advantages include being technically simpler than alternative techniques, locally available, cost-effective. 3 Laryngoscope, 134:4964-4970, 2024.

Left Atrial Wall Thickness Measured by a Machine Learning Method Predicts AF Recurrence After Pulmonary Vein Isolation.

Left atrial (LA) remodeling plays a significant role in the progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although LA wall thickness (LAWT) has emerged as an indicator of structural remodeling, its impact on AF outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to determine the association between LAWT and AF recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), as well as to evaluate the relationship between LAWT and LA fibrosis. Single-center registry of patients enrolled for radiofrequency PVI from 2016 to 2018. In all cases, a pre-ablation CT was performed within less than 48 h. Mean LAWT was retrospectively measured by a semi-automated machine learning method (ADAS 3D). A subgroup of patients also underwent pre-ablation cardiac MRI. The primary endpoint was time to AF recurrence after a 3-month blanking period. A total of 439 patients (mean age 61 ± 12 years, 62% male, 78% with paroxysmal AF) were included. The mean LAWT was 1.4 ± 0.2 mm (0.9-1.9 mm). During a median follow-up of 5.8 (IQR: 4.9-6.6) years, 238 patients (54%) had an AF relapse. After adjusting for 8 clinical and imaging potential confounders, LAWT remained an independent predictor of time-to-recurrence (aHR: 4.25 [95% CI: 1.65-10.95], p = 0.003). AF recurrence rates were 11%, 15%, and 21%/year across terciles of increasing LAWT (log-rank p < 0.001). Additionally, the AF recurrence rate increased across the spectrum of LA structural remodeling, ranging from 8% (normal LAWT and LAVI) to 30%/year (LAWT and LAVI both increased). In the 62 patients who also underwent pre-ablation MRI, a moderate relationship between LAWT and fibrosis (assessed by late-gadolinium enhancement) was found (Spearman R 0.468; p < 0.001). Mean LAWT, easily assessed by commercially available machine learning software, is an independent predictor of time to AF recurrence after PVI in the long term. Whether patients with increased LAWT should receive tailored therapy deserves further investigation.

Testing Polynomial (Non-Linear) Effects of Neurological and Physical Disability on Sexual Well-Being in Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is among the most prevalent chronic autoimmune disorders affecting the central nervous system. In Poland, the MS incidence rate is 6.3 per 100,000 patients. The results of studies indicate that people suffering from MS are less involved in sexual life in both the physical and emotional aspects, they assess that sex is less important to them than to healthy people, and their sexual motivation is limited, especially its physical dimension. Methods: A total of 121 people participated in the study. It used four questionnaires: authors’ survey on sociodemographic and biomedical data, Short Sexual Well-Being Scale, Guy’s Neurological Disability Scale, and Expanded Disability Status Scale. Results: A positive and moderate relationship was found between neurological disability and physical disability. Also, the correlation between neurological disability and the number of sexual dysfunctions was significant. Problems in the neurological sphere were also negatively associated with sexual well-being. Physical disability was not significantly associated with the level of sexual well-being or the number of declared sexual dysfunctions. The number of dysfunctions was moderately associated with the levels of sexual well-being. The polynomial regression analyses did not find any non-linear relationships between the severity of disability and sexual well-being. Conclusions: This study suggests that the occurrence of sexual dysfunctions can be an important subject in MS patients’ sexual well-being. It underlines the fact that the subject of one’s sexuality cannot be omitted while providing medical and psychological support for individuals with MS.

Parent assessment of their child’s play: A psychometric study on the Pretend Play Enjoyment Developmental Checklist

Introduction: Play is a crucial occupation of children’s that requires reliable and valid assessment. This study aimed to investigate validity and reliability of the parent version of the Pretend Play Enjoyment Developmental Checklist (PPE-DC). Methods: This cross-sectional psychometric study included 10 Iranian occupational therapists from paediatric clinical practice (mean age of 36.5 years) with an average of 14.5 years of experience. Thirty parents and their neurodivergent children (6 girls; mean = 55.90 months; SD = 14.25) and 30 parents and their neurotypical children (14 girls; mean age = 53.4 months; SD = 20.45) participated. Parents filled in the PPE-DC, and a trained therapist assessed children with the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment (ChIPPA) within 10 days of parents filling in the PPE-DC. Results: The content validity ratio was 1. Content validity index was &gt;0.8. There were significant differences for all parent PPE-DC scores between neurotypical and neurodivergent children ( p &lt; 0.001). For concurrent validity, there were moderate significant relationships between the ChIPPA and PPE-DC items. Test–retest reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient &gt; 0.99). Conclusion: The PPE-DC Parent version is a reliable and valid parent’s measurement of their child’s level of complexity of play skills.

Effect of Use Hormonal Progestin Birth Control on Length of Use, Incidence of Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Birth Control Acceptors in Muara Enim District in 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of progestin hormonal contraceptive use on the duration of use and the incidence of menstrual cycle disorders among contraceptive acceptors in Muara Enim District in 2024. The method used is a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study consisted of all hormonal contraceptive acceptors in Muara Enim District, with a sample size of 853 people, determined using G Power software. Data analysis was conducted using the Spearman’s rho test. The statistical test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (&lt;0.05), indicating a significant relationship between hormonal contraceptive use and menstrual cycle disorders. A correlation coefficient of 0.28 indicates a fairly strong and positive relationship. Furthermore, there is a relationship between the duration of hormonal contraceptive use and menstrual cycle disorders, with a p-value of 0.000 (&lt;0.05) and a correlation coefficient of 0.39, suggesting a moderate and positive relationship in the same direction. These findings are expected to provide valuable information for healthcare providers to offer more accurate recommendations regarding potential menstrual cycle disorders in progestin hormonal contraceptive users, enabling patients to better understand the possible risks associated with this contraceptive method.

Relationship between Empathy and Burnout Levels of Professionals Working in Special Education and Rehabilitation Centers

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between empathy and burnout levels of professionals working in special education and rehabilitation centers. Method: The sample of this descriptive-correlational study included 120 employees who agreed to participate in the study and worked in three special education and rehabilitation centers located in a city center in Northern Turkey in the 2022–2023 academic year. Data were collected using an employee identification form, the Emphatic Tendency Scale (ETS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results: Empathic tendency increased the level of emotional exhaustion (ß =.558) and depersonalization (ß =.516) but decreased the level of sense of personal accomplishment (ß=-0.655). There was a significant positive moderate relationship between the ETS score and the MBI emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subdimension scores and a significant negative moderate relationship between the feeling of personal accomplishment subdimension of MBI. Conclusion: High empathy in employees can improve the quality of support provided to students with special needs, but it can also bring challenges such as emotional exhaustion and decreased personal accomplishment.

Predisposition to eating disorders in rural adolescents

Background. The issues of eating disorders among adolescents are currently becoming increasingly relevant. Eating disorders have an impact on a person’s mental and physical health. The aim. To identify the relationship between dietary habits and predisposition to eating disorders among rural schoolchildren.Materials and methods. The study involved 106 adolescents aged 14–17 living in rural areas of the Irkutsk region. The assessment of individual actual nutrition was assessed using the method of “Analysis of the frequency of food intake”. To assess the risk of eating disorders, an Eating Disorder Inventory was used.Results. The results of the study showed that eating disorders were detected both in boys and girls. Girls are less likely to consume meat and dairy products. Boys skipped breakfast more often. When analyzing correlations between scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory and the frequency of food consumption, a direct moderate relationship was revealed only in boys on the subscale “Drive for thinness” with rare consumption of chocolate and ice cream. Skipping breakfast for both boys and girls is associated with high scores on the subscales “Drive for thinness” and “Body dissatisfaction”, in addition, skipping dinners for girls is associated with the “Bulimia” subscale.Conclusion. The prerequisites for the formation of eating disorders have been identified in both boys and girls. Eating disorders among adolescents is a complex problem that requires a comprehensive approach from society, healthcare institutions, educators and parents.

Exam anxiety in connection with life orientation in upper secondary education students

Background: Exam anxiety is beginning to affect an increasing number of students. Aim: We sought to examine whether there is an association between exam anxiety and life orientation in secondary school learners. Methods: We used the Suinn’s Test Anxiety Behavior Scale questionnaire to assess exam anxiety and the Life Orientation Test—Revised questionnaire to determine students’ life orientation. Findings: Results revealed that the participants experienced a level of exam stress that could motivate them and prepare them for the evaluation situation. Female and secondary grammar school students had more exam anxiety than males and business school students. There was a moderate relationship between exam anxiety and life orientation, which was slightly pessimistic. Conclusion: A pessimistic or optimistic life orientation is one of the factors that may influence exam anxiety levels of secondary school learners.

Temporal cue based categorization and speech perception in noise among pediatric cochlear implant users

ObjectivesVoice onset time (VOT) has been identified as a potential temporal cue for predicting children's performance in speech-in-noise tasks, yet the relationship between these two factors has never been explored among children using CI. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the performance of children using CI on temporal cue-based syllable categorization test and speech perception in noise and examine the relationship between the two. MethodsTemporal cue-based syllable categorization test was developed with the manipulation of /ba/ sound in 10 steps continuum with VOT varied between −74 ms to 26 ms. The developed test and revised speech in noise for Marathi-speaking children (0 and 5 dB SNR) were administered to thirty children with unilateral cochlear implant and thirty children with normal hearing, aged between 5 to 7 years. ResultsThe Mann-Whitney U test showed significant differences between groups in temporal cue-based categorization and speech in noise tests at 0 dB and 5 dB SNR. Kendall Tau B revealed a moderate correlation between implant age and scores on the temporal cue-based categorization and speech in noise tests at 0 dB SNR, with a strong correlation at 5 dB SNR. Additionally, there was a significant moderate relationship between temporal cue-based categorization and speech in noise test scores at both 0 dB and 5 dB SNR. ConclusionThe present study highlights the importance of temporal cues in speech perception and the need for temporal processing for children using cochlear implants. It reinforces the evidence that speech perception skills improve with implant age.

The relationship between the current operations account deficit and the state budget deficit in Ukraine: an empirical analysis

The purpose of this research is to investigate the causal relationship between the current account deficit (CAD) and the government budget deficit (GBD) in Ukraine using an empirical analysis.The authors employ a quantitative approach using quarterly data from 2002 to 2018. They first de-seasonalize the data using a moving average method to account for seasonal fluctuations. Then, they apply the Pearson correlation test to examine the correlation between the CAD and the GBD.The findings of the study indicate a positive correlation between the CAD and the GBD in Ukraine. The Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.4, suggesting a moderate positive relationship between the two variables. However, the correlation test does not establish causality.The results of this research can be used to inform policy decisions aimed at addressing the twin deficits in Ukraine. The authors suggest that policymakers should consider implementing fiscal consolidation measures to reduce the GBD, which could potentially lead to a narrowing of the CAD.The study provides evidence of a positive correlation between the CAD and the GBD in Ukraine. While causality cannot be determined from the correlation analysis, the findings suggest that there may be a link between the two deficits. Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship between the CAD and the GBD in more depth.● The study focuses on the Ukrainian economy, but the findings may have implications for other countries facing similar challenges.● The authors acknowledge that other factors may also influence the CAD and the GBD, and they call for further research to investigate these factors.● The study is limited by the availability of data and the use of a relatively short period.Overall, the research provides a valuable contribution to understanding the relationship between the CAD and the GBD in Ukraine. The findings have implications for policymakers and researchers interested in addressing the twin deficits in Ukraine and other countries.

La relación de la memoria de trabajo, la función ejecutiva y el estilo cognitivo con el rendimiento académico

The constructs Working Memory (WM), Executive Function (EF), Field Dependence-Independence Cognitive Style (FDI CS) have been related to Academic Performance (AP) in different compulsory and fundamental areas, especially in mathematics and language. The objective was to analyze the relationship between the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial agenda of the WM, the cognitive flexibility of the EF and the FID CS and its prediction with the AP in the areas of natural sciences, language and mathematics. The sample consisted of 96 children and adolescents between the ages of 9 and 14 from Medellín. The instruments to assess WM were: Digits and Letters and Numbers from the WISC-IV Intelligence test (Wechsler, 2003) and Series of Drawings (Injoque-Ricle and Burin, 2013); the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Heaton et al., 1993) assessed cognitive flexibility (EF); the FDI CS was evidenced by means of the Embedded Figures Test (Witkin et al., 1971). Through the academic bulletin issued by the Educational Institutions, the AP was measured. The results showed a low and almost moderate relationship, as well as evidence of the prediction of cognitive flexibility with the AP in natural sciences, language and mathematics, without observing a relationship between the AP in these areas with the WM and the FID CS. The predictive value of cognitive flexibility for the scope of the competences in each of the areas studied is verified.

The relationship of ethical leadership with teachers’ organizational behavior, attitudes, and perceptions: a meta-analysis study

This study aims to investigate the influence of the school principal’s ethical leadership on teachers’ organizational behavior, attitudes, and perceptions and the moderating effect of some variables in this relationship. For this purpose, a meta-analysis of data collected from a total of 47 empirical studies involving 18,423 participants was performed. A random effects model was used to measure the overall effect sizes. The results showed that ethical leadership has a very strong positive effect on organizational trust and organizational justice, and a strong positive effect on job satisfaction, motivation, and organizational commitment. The analysis also revealed that ethical leadership has a strong negative relationship with organizational silence and a moderate negative relationship with mobbing and organizational cynicism. Among the tested moderators, only the level of education was found to moderate the effect of ethical leadership on organizational commitment. It was also concluded that ethical leadership has a greater effect on organizational commitment in primary schools. The current study evidenced that the ethical leadership of the school principal is an important variable in the organizational behavior, attitudes, and perceptions of teachers.

Swipe, view, engage: the interplay of athlete social media content and viewer attitudes on sports perception and interest

PurposeInfluencers in physical activity and sports have gained significant prominence in promoting health and well-being via digital social networks. This research investigates the impact of athlete influencers on sports perceptions, with a focus on korfball. Using korfball as a representative sport minimizes biases, allowing a nuanced exploration of athlete-generated content’s direct influence on viewer attitudes.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey with 319 respondents explores variables like athlete attitude, attractive appearance, social media profile attitude, emotional engagement toward korfball, korfball perception, korfball interest and general sports attitude. Structural equation modeling analysis examines relationships among these variables.FindingsThe study delves into the complex interplay among athlete attitude, social media attitude and emotional engagement toward sports, emphasizing the pivotal role of authenticity in fostering deeper connections. Contrary to expectations, athlete attractiveness did not significantly influence viewer priorities, signaling a notable shift towards valuing authenticity and performance. Furthermore, the research explores how general sports attitudes moderate relationships between sports perceptions and interest, offering critical insights for sports sociology and marketing.Originality/valueThis study innovates by focusing on korfball, emphasizing authenticity over attractiveness and providing insights into the evolving dynamics of sports marketing and consumer behavior in the digital age. This research evidences the profound impact of the digital age on sports engagement, laying a foundation for future studies and practical applications in sports sociology, marketing and consumer behavior.

HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN JENIS ASUPAN NUTRISI DAN PEMILIHAN TERAPI DENGAN LAMA PERAWATAN PADA BBLR DENGAN IKTERUS NEONATORUM DI RSUD KANJURUHAN MALANG

Infants born weighing less than 2500 grams can be classified into the Low Birth Weight (LBW) category. This classification is not based on gestational age, which makes LBW infants particularly vulnerable because their bodies are not fully prepared to face the extrauterine environment. There are several impacts associated with LBW, one of which is the incidence of neonatal jaundice. This condition occurs especially in LBW infants, leading to longer hospital stays. During the treatment period, the reduction in serum bilirubin levels must be supported by adequate nutritional intake and appropriate therapy. Nutritional intake may include exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding, or a combination of both, while therapies include phototherapy, exchange transfusion, and pharmacological treatments. Providing nutrition as early as possible can help reduce bilirubin levels more quickly. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between types of nutritional intake, therapy selection, and the length of stay in LBW infants with neonatal jaundice at Kanjuruhan Kepanjen Hospital, Malang Regency. The study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach and included 56 samples selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a form based on secondary data and analyzed using the Eta Test, with a correlation value of η = 0.438. The results indicate a moderate relationship between the type of nutritional intake and the length of stay in LBW infants with neonatal jaundice. This study also reported a significant difference in the average length of stay based on the type of nutritional intake, with an ANOVA test yielding a p-value of 0.004. This suggests a significant difference in the length of stay based on nutritional intake. These findings should be of particular concern to healthcare workers when providing nutritional care for LBW infants with neonatal jaundice. Keywords: LBW, neonatal jaundice, infant nutrition, therapy selection, hospitalization.