Moderation Analyses Research Articles

Comorbidities, acute kidney injury and long-term mortality in elderly patients hospitalized because of hip fracture: a moderation analysis

IntroductionFemoral fractures in elderly individuals present significant health challenges, often leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) during hospitalization further complicates outcomes, yet the interaction between AKI severity and comorbidities, as quantified by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), remains poorly understood in this population. This study aimed to assess the associations between AKI severity and the CCI and between AKI severity and one-year mortality postfemoral fracture in elderly patients.MethodologyThis study utilized data from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database and focused on elderly patients (> 65 years) admitted with hip fractures. Patients were categorized based on AKI stage according to the KDIGO criteria and CCI scores. The primary outcome assessed was all-cause mortality one year after hospital discharge. The statistical analyses included logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards regression and moderation analysis with the Johnson–Neyman technique to evaluate associations between AKI and long-term mortality and between the CCI and long-term mortality.ResultsThe analysis included 1,955 patients and revealed that severe AKI (stages 2 and 3) was independently associated with increased one-year mortality. Notably, the CCI moderated these associations significantly. A lower CCI score was significantly correlated with greater mortality in patients with severe AKI. The impact of severe AKI was greater for those with a CCI as low as 3, more than doubling the observed one-year mortality rate. In contrast, higher CCI scores (≥8) did not significantly impact mortality. Sensitivity analyses supported these findings, underscoring the robustness of the observed associations.ConclusionThis study elucidates the complex interplay between AKI severity and comorbidities and long-term mortality in elderly hip fracture patients. These findings underscore the importance of considering both AKI severity and comorbidity burden in prognostic assessments and intervention strategies for this vulnerable population. Targeted interventions tailored to individual risk profiles may help mitigate the impact of AKI on mortality outcomes, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms involved and refine risk stratification approaches in this population.

Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying Victimization Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use meta-analysis to assess the rates of bullying victimization in the United States (US) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a systematic search of academic databases and a previous meta-analysis database, we collected studies published between 1995 and 2023. Included studies used US-based data and reported on bullying involvement rates among children/adolescents across at least two data points (years), where 1 year had to be from 2020 to 2023. Data were extracted by type of bullying, gender, race, grade level, as well as numerous study-level features. Analyses included random effects meta-analyses, meta-regressions, and moderator analysis. Findings across the 79 studies and 19,033 effect sizes indicate that reported rates of traditional bullying victimization were significantly lower during the COVID pandemic years of 2020 to 2022 compared to the pre-pandemic years (23% vs 19%). This pattern was reflected across gender, grade, and most racial/ethnic groups examined. Overall, rates of cyberbullying victimization remained similar pre-pandemic vs during COVID (16% vs 17%). However, for boys, American Indian/Alaska Native youth, Asian, multi-racial, and White youth rates of cyberbullying victimization were significantly higher during COVID compared to the pre-pandemic period, while rates were significantly lower for transgender/non-binary youth during COVID (39% vs 25%). In addition, we conducted a moderator analysis and used meta-analysis to calculate pooled rates by year. Findings inform the current state of bullying involvement in the US and have implications for school-based bullying prevention practices and policies.

I am better because of your expectation: Examining how left-behind status moderates the mediation effect of perceived parental educational expectation on cognitive ability among Chinese rural students.

Chinese rural students have been documented to have relatively delayed cognitive development. From an ecological system perspective, empirical studies have identified the significant effect of the proximal environment on Chinese rural students' cognitive development. Yet, little do we know the mechanism behind that. More importantly, how the mechanism differs among rural students with different left-behind characteristics remains obscure. Drawing longitudinal data from a nationally representative survey, this study examines the interrelations between rural students' parental educational expectation perception, their own educational expectation, and cognitive ability. Two models were examined using path analysis. The first mediation model tests the mediating effect of educational expectation between the association of parental educational expectation perception and cognitive ability, while the second moderated mediation identifies the moderating effect of rural students' left-behind status on the association between their parental educational expectation perception and educational expectation. The first mediation analysis reveals that rural students' perception of parental educational expectation is positively correlated with their educational expectation, which further positively correlated with their cognitive ability. The following moderated mediation analysis suggests that students' left-behind status significantly moderated the effect of their perceived parental educational expectations on their own educational expectation. Chinese rural students' perception of parental educational expectation affects their cognitive ability through their own educational expectations. The number of migrant parents within a family further moderates the indirect effect of education expectation.

Pengaruh Zakat dan DOK Terhadap Kemiskinan dengan Pertumbuhan Ekomomi Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

This study aims to analyze the influence of Zakat and DOKA on poverty levels using Economic Growth as a moderating variable. Operationalizing panel data from two administrative regions (districts and cities) in Aceh during the 2019-2021 period, the analysis models used are multiple regression and moderated regression analysis. The research results show that Zakat and DOKA in that year had no effect in reducing poverty in Aceh. However, increasing GRDP moderates the influence of Zakat and DOKA on poverty, making these two instruments more effective in reducing poverty levels and increasing economic prosperity.

Searching for who benefits most and least: An analysis of moderators of the TRUE Dads fatherhood intervention.

Evaluations of interventions to promote fathers' involvement in family life typically focus on whether or not the intervention has a positive impact. Some evaluations also attempt to describe mediators that explain how the intervention is linked to specific outcomes. An evaluation of TRUE Dads, a Randomized Clinical Trial of a couples-based fatherhood intervention for low-income families, reported results that addressed these two issues. Reporting new analyses, the present study addresses a question asked in only a very few fatherhood intervention studies: Are there moderator variables that define characteristics of participants who benefit most or least from the intervention? A total of 46 potential moderators of 2 significant intervention outcomes - reductions in personal distress and in negative evaluations of the parents' relationship with each other - were selected from a 5-domain risk/protective model of family functioning (Cowan & Cowan, 2018. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 92, 111) and from a set of demographic variables associated with these outcomes. An additional 24 potential moderators were tested on 4 outcomes that did not have direct intervention effects. Only 6 of the 70 moderator tests were statistically significant. The intervention provided greater reductions in parents' personal distress when fathers had more economic resources, co-parents had higher levels of education, and the parents were living in the same household on entering the study. There were greater reductions in negative aspects of their couple or co-parenting relationship when the parents at enrollment described more difficulties in the parent-child relationship, fathers were more involved in the children's daily care and were living in the household with their child. No other moderators were found. The results support the conclusion that TRUE Dads was equally effective for a relatively wide range of participants. This search for potential moderators of TRUE Dads outcomes is presented as an example of a needed direction in the evaluation of fatherhood interventions.

ADHD Symptoms in Childhood and Big Five Personality Traits in Adolescence: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study in Girls

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental condition characterized by developmentally extreme and impairing symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Great interest has emerged in the ways ADHD and its underlying symptom dimensions relate to the development of personality traits. Much extant research on this topic is cross-sectional, relying on self-report measures and male samples. Herein, we present data from a prospective, longitudinal study of a socioeconomically and racially diverse sample of girls, including those with ADHD and a matched neurotypical comparison sample. We examined how parent- and teacher-reported ADHD in middle childhood relate to self-reported Big Five personality traits in adolescence. As expected, childhood ADHD diagnosis prospectively predicted lower self-reported Conscientiousness, lower Agreeableness, and higher Neuroticism in adolescence. With ADHD diagnosis covaried, Inattention (IA) predicted only low Conscientiousness, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (HI) predicted only low Agreeableness, and neither predicted adolescent Neuroticism. An exploratory moderator analysis showed that family income moderated the effects of IA and HI on the negativity of adolescent self-descriptions of their own personalities, with more pronounced negative effects for girls in families with higher (rather than lower) income. Familial pressures to achieve in higher-income families may be linked to more pronounced negative ramifications of ADHD on personality development.

Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Computerized Adaptive Testing on the Motivation and Emotion of Examinees

Abstract: Findings on the motivational and emotional effects of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) compared to nonadaptive testing (NCAT) have been heterogeneous and inconclusive so far. This meta-analysis aims to determine the specific effects of CAT better by analyzing several moderator variables related to the test, the examinee, and the test setting. To be included in the meta-analysis, studies needed to be original, correlational, quasi-experimental, or experimental studies in English, German, or Chinese, and they needed to compare CAT to NCAT regarding motivational and/or emotional states. A three-level random-effects model with motivation, negative emotion, and positive emotion as dependent variables was estimated. The risk of bias and publication bias were examined. Twenty-seven studies with a total of 190 effect sizes were analyzed. The overall effect of CAT was not significant for motivation and negative emotion and significant for positive emotion after publication bias correction. The moderator analysis showed significant moderator effects for “test speededness” on motivation and positive emotion, “instantaneous feedback on given responses” and “possibility of response revision” on positive emotion, and “average difficulty of presented items” on negative emotion. For CAT configurations, it is recommended to avoid speededness, present easy items, allow for response revision, and provide feedback.

Social challenge stressors and work engagement: the moderating role of political skill

This study offers a counterpoint to the generalization of positive and linear effects resulting from challenge stressors in the workplace. The guiding objective was to verify whether social challenge stress impacts individuals' work engagement positively or negatively, according to the political skill degree available by professionals. We used moderation analysis and hierarchical regression to assess these relationships. The sample comes from civil servants of a Brazilian federal institution (N = 606). The results indicate that political skill moderates the relationship between social stress and engagement positively, except in cases where such skill is low, a situation in which the interaction becomes negative. The evidence also reveals that a positive curvilinear association better explains the association between social stress and work engagement. The findings suggest that the Challenge-Hindrance Stress Framework (CHF) has an application conditioned by the possible abilities that a given stressor demands to be evaluated as an obstacle or a challenge. We intended to extend the theory on stressors and contribute to the human resource management practice by elucidating conditions or portions of professionals in which the CHF does not apply or lacks contextualization.

Earning Moderates the Influence of CAR, NPL, and BOPO on Company Value in Conventional Banks Listed on the IDX for the 2020-2022 Period

The goal of research on traditional commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) is to use earnings as a moderator to ascertain the impact of the capital adequacy ratio (CAR), non-performing loan (NPL), and BOPO on the value of the company. Variables This study uses a quantitative approach and sample data collection through purposive sampling. The samples obtained for this study are 69 samples that meet the standards of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and financial statements for the 2020-2022 period. Classical hypothesis testing and moderate regression analysis (MRA) methods were used to analyze the results of this study. The results showed that the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) did not have a significant effect on the value of the company, and non-performing loans (NPL) did not have a significant effect on the value of the company and operating costs. (BOPO) does not have a significant influence on the value of the company. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) can be changed and affect company value, profit cannot moderate the impact of non-performing loans (NPL) on company performance Product value cannot reduce Operating Costs and Operating Income (BOPO) to company value.

The Role of Anxiety and Prosocial Behaviors on Adherence Behaviors to Prevent COVID-19 in University Students in the United States: Cross-Sectional Study.

In situations of acute stress, individuals may engage in prosocial behaviors or risk-taking self-oriented behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic created large stress-promoting conditions that impacted individuals' decisions to adhere to COVID-19 preventative behaviors. The study aimed to examine the relationship between anxiety during the pandemic and adherence behaviors to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and the moderating influence of prosocial behaviors. We hypothesized that individuals with high anxiety during COVID-19 would adhere more to preventive COVID-19 behaviors than ones with low anxiety and that this relationship would be stronger in those individuals with higher prosocial behaviors. A web-based survey was administered through the SONA web-based participant tool of the psychology department of a university in the Northeastern United States. A final sample of 54 undergraduate students completed web-based questionnaires during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, from January to May 2021, which included demographic measures and surveys on prosocial behaviors, anxiety, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Moderation analyses were conducted using PROCESS in SPSS. Participants reported high levels of trait and state anxiety symptoms, most of them meeting or exceeding the cutoff criteria to be clinically meaningful (state anxiety: 47/54, 87%; trait anxiety: 38/44, 86%), and over 50% highly adhered to the COVID-19 preventive behaviors of wearing a face mask, using hand sanitizer, handwashing, coughing/sneezing into their elbow or a tissue, self-quarantining, maintaining social distance, avoiding social gatherings, and avoiding nonessential travel. No significant associations were observed between prosocial behavior, anxiety types, and adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviors. However, when moderation analyses were conducted between anxiety types and adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviors, results demonstrated a statistically significant interaction of public prosocial behavior with state anxiety (β=-.17, t53=-2.60; P=.01), predicting engagement in COVID-19 preventative behaviors. At high levels of anxiety, low levels of prosocial public behaviors were associated with higher engagement in COVID-19 preventative behaviors. In contrast, high levels of public prosocial behavior were associated with low engagement in COVID-19 preventative behaviors at higher levels of anxiety. These results provide information that can aid in the creation of interventions that could increase adherence to COVID-19 preventative behaviors (Reviewed by the Plan P #PeerRef Community).

Impact of ERM and Capital Structure on Firm Value in Indonesia

This study examines the impact of enterprise risk management (ERM) and capital structure on firm value, with firm age and size as moderating factors, using data from 47 banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (2019-2021). Utilizing quantitative methods and Moderate Regression Analysis with SPSS, the results indicate that ERM does not affect firm value, while capital structure has a positive effect. Firm age weakens the impact of ERM but strengthens the effect of capital structure on firm value. Conversely, firm size enhances the impact of ERM but weakens the effect of capital structure. These insights are crucial for investors in the banking sector. Highlight: ERM does not significantly impact firm value. Capital structure positively influences firm value. Firm age and size moderate these effects. Keyword: enterprise risk management, capital structure, firm value, firm age, firm size

THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ON FIRM VALUE WITH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A MODERATING VARIABLE IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE PERIOD 2016-2020

Looking at environmental performance and business value through the prism of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the focus of this study. Quantitative in nature, this research is association-based. This study will concentrate on manufacturing companies that have conducted initial public offerings on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the past five years, from 2016 to 2020. Manufacturing companies that have participated in PROPER for the past five years will be sampled for our study. The information collected for this study comes from secondary sources. The data was examined using moderated regression analysis (MRA). This study shows that corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives will not be able to reduce the negative impact of environmental performance on firm value.

The effects of aftercare/resettlement services on crime and violence in children and youth: A systematic review.

High rates of youth re-offending indicate that young custody-leavers face challenges when reintegrating into their communities. Aftercare and resettlement programs can occur pre-, during, and post-release and generally provide multiple forms of support services to address youths' transitional needs. The present review examines (1) the impact of youth aftercare/resettlement programs on crime-related outcomes, (2) how treatment effect is moderated by participant, program, and study characteristics, (3) whether some types of interventions are more effective than others, (4) barriers/facilitators to effective program implementation, (5) the theory of change underlying resettlement interventions, and (6) available research on intervention cost. A comprehensive set of keywords and synonyms was combined in a Boolean search across 26 electronic databases. Multiple gray literature sources were also searched, including 23 journals, 4 meeting archives, 11 organization websites, 3 open access journal websites, and the CVs of 8 well-known researchers in the field. The search was completed in January 2023. For objectives 1-3, studies were included if they utilized a randomized controlled design or quasi-experimental comparison group design in which participants were matched on at least some baseline variables and included at least one quantitative individual-measure of crime. For objective 4, included studies presented process evaluations of aftercare/reentry programs, clearly stated their research goals, and used qualitative methods in an appropriate way to answer the stated research question. For objectives 5 and 6, no specific methods were required; any study meeting the criteria for objectives 1-4 which presented findings on theory of change or cost data were included. For all outcomes, only studies conducted in a westernized country, and published after 1991 in English, French, or German were considered. Two coders conducted primary data extraction for the included studies. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database. After data extraction, the two coders validated the coding by cross-checking the database with each research report. Discrepancies between coders were discussed until consensus was reached. Where consensus could not be reached, a third coder was consulted. Study risk of bias was addressed using the ROBINS-I (Sterne et al., 2016), ROB-2 (Higgins et al., 2019), and the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP, 2018). Objectives 1-3 were addressed by synthesizing quantitative outcomes from rigorous impact evaluations of aftercare interventions using random effects models and meta-regression. Thematic and narrative analysis was conducted to address objectives 4-6. The search resulted in 15 impact studies, representing 4,718 participants across 21 program sites, and 35 effect sizes. The 21 impact evaluations were rated as having either low/moderate bias (k = 11) or serious bias (k = 10). The synthesis of 15 impact studies found no significant effects for arrest (k = 14; OR = 1.044, 95% prediction interval [0.527, 2.075], t = 0.335) or incarceration (k = 8, OR = 0.806, 95% prediction interval [2.203, 1.433], t = -1.674). A significant pooled effect was found for conviction (k = 13, OR = 1.209, 95% prediction interval [1.000, 1.462], t = 2.256), but results were highly sensitive to the inclusion of specific studies. No meaningful pattern of results emerged in moderator analyses with respect to study, sample, program component, or program delivery characteristics. The 19 process studies were rated as either high quality (k = 12) or moderate quality (k = 7). Thematic synthesis of the process evaluations revealed 15 themes related to the strengths/challenges of program implementation. The assessment of program cost (k = 7) determined a lack of data within the literature, preventing any summative analysis. Current evidence is promising with respect to conviction outcomes but overall does not find that aftercare/resettlement interventions have a reliably positive impact on crime-related outcomes for young people who have offended. High variability across outcomes and reported data resulted in small sample sizes per outcome and limited moderator analyses. Multiple challenges for program implementation exist; additional rigorous research is sorely needed to further investigate the nuances of the program effects.

Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Financial Liquidity of Companies: A Moderation Analysis

The objective of this study was to examine the potential moderating effects of the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the financial liquidity of enterprises. Given the significance of liquidity for companies and the profound impact of the macroeconomic environment, a research gap was identified in relation to the limited number of studies investigating the influence of macroeconomic factors on corporate liquidity. Additionally, the limited scope of companies surveyed in this area, in terms of sector, size, capital market presence, and the limited range of macroeconomic variables examined were notable. Most importantly, the absence of studies examining moderators of the relationship between macroeconomic factors and liquidity was a significant concern. To this end, two main research questions were formulated. First, what factors moderate the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the financial liquidity of companies? Second, what is the nature of the moderating effects on the relationship between macroeconomic variables and corporate financial liquidity? This research employed panel data analysis on an unbalanced panel comprising 5327 Polish enterprises spanning from 2003 to 2021. The primary analytical technique utilised was linear regression (pooled OLS) with robust standard errors clustered at the firm level. The main results of this study indicate that: (1) debt level, profitability, and the fixed assets to total assets ratio are significant moderators of some of the relationships between macroeconomic variables and corporate liquidity; (2) debt level moderates the relationship between the ratio of internal expenditures on research and development to GDP and financial liquidity, as well as the relationship between inflation rate and liquidity; the relationship is statistically significant and positive only for those enterprises with above-median debt levels; (3) profitability moderates the relationship between the employment coefficient and financial liquidity, as well as the relationship between the inflation rate and liquidity; in the high-profitability group, those relationships are positive, whereas in the low-profitability group, they are negative; (4) the ratio of fixed assets to total assets moderates the relationship between the money supply and corporate financial liquidity; for enterprises with low asset flexibility, there is a negative relationship between the money supply and financial liquidity; conversely, for enterprises with high asset flexibility, there is a positive relationship between the money supply and financial liquidity; (5) the rationale behind these findings can be derived from capital structure theory and financial analysis theory. The results of this study represent a step towards a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the macro environment and corporate liquidity, as well as the factors that moderate this relationship from both a microeconomic and a macroeconomic perspective. The findings of this study may also inform policy decisions governing the corporate sector due to a more nuanced understanding of the relationships between macroeconomic factors and corporate liquidity.

The influence of independence, integrity, professionalism, and objectivity on fraud prevention in auditors with auditor ethics as a moderating variable: Empirical study at the Representative Office of the Supreme Audit Agency in North Sulawesi Province

This study aims to analyse the influence of independence, integrity, professionalism, objectivity, and ethics on fraud prevention among auditors. Additionally, this study also treats the auditor's ethics as a moderating variable. Conducted through survey methodology, the study involved distributing questionnaires to all auditors in the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (or BPK) Regional Office for North Sulawesi Province. The questionnaires were disseminated to 138 respondents and achieving for 100% response rate. Analytical methods employed encompassed multiple moderated regression analysis. The results indicate that independence, integrity, professionalism, objectivity, and ethics positively influence fraud prevention. Moreover, the results also reveal that the auditor's ethics can moderate the influence of independence and professionalism on fraud prevention. The implications of the findings suggest that higher levels of independence, integrity, professionalism, objectivity, and ethics tend to increase effectiveness in fraud prevention within the BPK Regional Office for North Sulawesi Province.

The interaction between social determinants of health, health behaviors, and child's intellectual developmental diagnosis.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) may impact caregivers' ability to implement evidence-based health practices at home during early childhood, especially in families with children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Therefore, we examined the influence of SDOH and children's diagnosis (typically developing [TD], Down syndrome [DS], autism) on caregiver's self-report of meeting evidence-based health practices. Caregivers (n=172) of children ages 2-6 years (TD: n=93, DS: n=40, autism: n=39) completed an online survey on SDOH and health practices related to child nutrition (CN), physical activity (PA), outdoor play (OP), and screen time (ST). A total SDOH score was computed by assigning 1 point for each favorable SDOH metric (range 0-13). Linear regressions were used to examine associations between SDOH and CN, PA, OP, ST health practices and the moderating effect of IDD diagnosis. Most caregivers were non-Hispanic White (84.3%), female (76.7%), 18-35 years old (55.2%), and married (89.5%). The DS group had the lowest SDOH score (mean = 8.4±1.0) compared to autism (mean = 10.1±1.0) and TD (mean = 11.0±0.9). No family scored 100% in evidence-based practices for any health practice. SDOH score was significantly associated with evidence-based practices met score for CN (b = 1.94, 95% CI = 0.84, 3.04; p = 0.001) and PA (b = 4.86, 95% CI = 2.92, 6.79; p <0.0001). Moderation analysis showed no association in the DS and autism groups between SDOH score and CN percent total score, or between SDOH score and CN, PA, and OP for percent evidence-based practices met. SDOH score was also not associated with OP percent total score for the DS group. This study highlights the differential influence of SDOH on caregivers' implementing health practices in families with children of different IDD diagnoses. Future research is needed to understand impacts of SDOH on non-typically developing children.

Exploring the roles of openness to experience, emotions, and proficiency levels in bilingual students’ happiness

Aims and objectives: Limited attention has been paid to whether and how bilinguals’ multiple language status is related to their well-being. Thus, this research aims to explore whether and how bilingual proficiency interacts with the relationships between personality, emotions, and happiness in bilinguals. Methodology: This study employed a survey questionnaire approach. Data and analysis: A sample of 277 bilingual college students in the United States participated in the project. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted. Findings and conclusion: Results suggested that positive emotion fully mediated the relationship between openness to experience and happiness, and bilingual proficiency moderated the relationship between openness to experience and emotions. Originality: This study unpacked the link between openness to experience and happiness through mediators of different emotions. Importantly, this study highlighted the different moderating impacts of bilingual proficiency on the relationship between openness to experience and emotions. Implications: This study presents several implications related to positive language education practices.

Analysis of Company Size and Profitability on Company Value with Corporate Social Responsibility as Moderation

The health of financial performance is a determinant of a company's value. This is reflected as a record of good company performance in carrying out its operations. However, in addition to healthy financial performance factors, corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices are used as a reference for investors in assessing companies to provide funding. This study aims to empirically analyze the effect of profitability and company size on company value with corporate social responsibility as a moderation variable. The population used as the object of observation used is an energy sector company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020 - 2022 using quantitative methods with purposive sampling as a sampling technique. Data analysis techniques using Panel Data Regression Analysis and Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) with the help of Eviews 12. Based on the findings in the study, that profitability has a positive and significant effect on company value, company size has a negative and insignificant effect on company value, CSR moderation variables moderate the effect of profitability on company value, CSR moderation variables are not able to moderate the effect of company size on company value on company value. Thus, researchers conclude that companies should optimize operations to identify profitable growth opportunities, organizational restructuring or unnecessary bureaucratic cuts to improve operational efficiency, and strengthen their commitment to corporate social responsibility practices as an integral part of their business strategy.

Greater perceived access to green spaces near homes: Safer and more satisfied residents

Safe and green living environments are highly appreciated by people and, as stated by the United Nations, are a key priority for sustainable urban development. The current study explores whether perceived and objective indicators of access to green spaces in the living environment, as well as individual socio-demographic characteristics, affects perceived safety as well as municipal satisfaction. It also examined whether perceived safety moderates the relationship between perceived access to green spaces and municipal satisfaction. Five indicators of access to green spaces were used: Four were objectively derived using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), while one indicator was based on survey data on inhabitants’ perceived access to green spaces. The same survey also revealed the variables of perceived safety and municipal satisfaction. Correlation, regression, and moderation analyses were applied. The results showed that objective and perceived indicators did not correlate. Furthermore, strong and positive associations were revealed between perceived access to green spaces and municipal satisfaction B=0.45 (95% CI = 0.41, 0.50) and perceived safety (B = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.46). The more satisfied people were with their access to green spaces and safety outdoors in the evenings and nights, the more satisfied they were with their living environments. These associations were evident even after controlling for socio-demographic variables. These results provide evidence of the importance of green spaces and support planners’ arguments for preserving current or developing new green spaces. The study also shows the importance of not only relying on objective indicators of access to green spaces and encourages planners and researchers to explore perceived indicators.

Loneliness, perceived social support, and their changes predict medical adherence over 12 months among patients with coronary heart disease.

This study investigated whether changes in loneliness and perceived social support predicted medical adherence in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) over 12 months. Moreover, short-term and long-term buffering effects of social support on the association between loneliness and medical adherence were systematically examined. A three-wave longitudinal study. Participants were 255 CHD patients with a mean age of 63 years. Medical adherence, loneliness, and perceived social support were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the influences of loneliness and social support as well as their changes on medical adherence over 12 months. Moderation analyses were performed to test buffering effects of baseline social support and its changes against loneliness and its changes, respectively. Changes in loneliness significantly predicted medical adherence at 12 months (β = -.23, p = .001) but not at 3 months (β = -.10, p = .142). Changes in social support predicted medical adherence at both 3 (β = .23, p = .002) and 12 months (β = .26, p = .001). Social support concurrently buffered the adverse impact of loneliness on medical adherence (B = .29, SE = .12, p = .020) at baseline but did not at 3 or 12 months (Bs = -.21 to .40, SEs = .12 to .30, ps = .177 to .847). Findings highlight the importance of monitoring loneliness and perceived social support continuously over time for CHD patients to promote medical adherence.