Moderating Effect Of Social Support Research Articles

Relational aggression in romantic relationship: empirical evidence among young female adults in Malaysia

BackgroundAggressive behaviour in romantic relationship is a social problem of great concern. Studies related to the influence of psychosocial factors on relational aggression are still limited. Furthermore, these factors have not been widely studied in the local context, resulting in the issue of relational aggression among young female adults still not being addressed. This study aims to explore whether psychosocial factors such as big five personality traits, adult attachment style and loneliness could predict relational aggression in romantic relationships among young female adults in Malaysia. In addition, this study aims to identify the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between psychosocial factors and relational aggression in romantic relationship.MethodsA quantitative research approach was used with 424 young female adults in Malaysia aged between 18 and 30 years old (mean age = 24.18) were recruited through multistage sampling design by completing a questionnaire consisting of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Experiences in Close Relationships Scale II (ECRS-II), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, Measure of Relational Aggression and Victimization (MRAV) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).ResultsMultiple regression analysis predicted significant relationship between agreeableness personality, loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style with relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hierarchical regression analysis found a significant effect of social support as a moderator between loneliness with relational aggression in romantic relationships.ConclusionsThus, the results show that young female adults with low level of agreeableness, high level of loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style are at a higher risk of engaging in relational aggression in romantic relationships. The implication of this study can help in understanding the psychosocial factors that form the basis of relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hence, the gap in knowledge warrants further research.

The interaction effect of high social support and resilience on functional connectivity using seed-based resting-state assessed by 7-Tesla ultra-high field MRI.

Recent resilience research has increasingly emphasized the importance of focusing on investigating the protective factors in mentally healthy populations, complementing the traditional focus on psychopathology. Social support has emerged as a crucial element within the complex interplay of individual and socio-environmental factors that shape resilience. However, the neural underpinnings of the relationship between social support and resilience, particularly in healthy subjects, remain largely unexplored. With advances in neuroimaging techniques, such as ultra-high field MRI at 7T and beyond, researchers can more effectively investigate the neural mechanisms underlying these factors. Thus, our study employed ultra-high field rs-fMRI to explore how social support moderates the relationship between psychological resilience and functional connectivity in a healthy cohort. We hypothesized that enhanced social support would amplify resilience-associated connectivity within neural circuits essential for emotional regulation, cognitive processing, and adaptive problem-solving, signifying a synergistic interaction where strong social networks bolster the neural underpinnings of resilience. (n = 30). Through seed-based functional connectivity analyses and interaction analysis, we aimed to uncover the neural correlates at the interplay of social support and resilience. Our findings indicate that perceived social support significantly (p<0.001) alters functional connectivity in the right and left FP, PCC, and left hippocampus, affirming the pivotal roles of these regions in the brain's resilience network. Moreover, we identified significant moderation effects of social support across various brain regions, each showing unique connectivity patterns. Specifically, the right FP demonstrated a significant interaction effect where high social support levels were linked to increased connectivity with regions involved in socio-cognitive processing, while low social support showed opposite effects. Similar patterns by social support levels were observed in the left FP, with connectivity changes in clusters associated with emotional regulation and cognitive functions. The PCC's connectivity was distinctly influenced by support levels, elucidating its role in emotional and social cognition. Interestingly, the connectivity of the left hippocampus was not significantly impacted by social support levels, indicating a unique pattern within this region. These insights highlight the importance of high social support levels in enhancing the neural foundations of resilience and fostering adaptive neurological responses to environmental challenges.

An exploratory study on material deprivation and loneliness among older adults in Hong Kong

BackgroundPoverty, as a risk factor for loneliness, has been understudied, and there is a need to gain a better understanding of the relationship between poverty examined by material deprivation and loneliness among older adults in Hong Kong. It also aimed to explore the possible mediation and moderation effects of social support, social networks, neighborhood collective efficacy, and social engagement in the link between material deprivation and loneliness.Methods1696 Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above (Mage = 74.61; SD = 8.71) participated in a two-wave study. Older adults reported their loneliness level, material deprivation, perceived level of social support, social network, neighborhood collective efficacy, social engagement, and sociodemographic information. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the effect of material deprivation on loneliness, as well as the mediation and moderation models.ResultsThe results indicated that material deprived older adults reported a significantly higher level of loneliness 2 years later when controlling for demographic variables, health-related factors, and loneliness at baseline. We also found that engagement in cultural activities partially mediated the effect of material deprivation and loneliness. Furthermore, neighborhood collective efficacy and engagement in cultural activities were significant moderators that buffer the relationship between material deprivation and loneliness.ConclusionsOur results suggested the need to alleviate the negative impact of material deprivation on loneliness by developing interventions focused on promoting neighborhood collective efficacy and social engagement, which could be aimed at building meaningful bonds among Chinese older adults in Hong Kong.

The Impact of LMX and Job Stress on Service Quality of Police Personnel Through the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Moderating Role of Social Support

The Impact of LMX and Job Stress on Service Quality of Police Personnel Through the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Moderating Role of Social Support

The moderating effect of social support on the effectiveness of a web-based, computer-tailored physical activity intervention for older adults.

This study aimed to assess the moderating effect of social support on the effectiveness of a web-based, computer-tailored physical activity intervention for older adults. In the Active for Life trial, 243 inactive adults aged 65+ years were randomised into: (1) tailoring + Fitbit (n = 78), (2) tailoring-only (n = 96) or (3) control (n = 69). For the current study, participants were categorised as having higher (n = 146) or lower (n = 97) social support based on the Duke Social Support Index (DSSI_10). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured through accelerometers at baseline and post-intervention. A linear mixed model analysis demonstrated that among participants with lower social support, the tailoring + Fitbit participants, but not the tailoring only participants increased their MVPA more than the control. Among participants with higher social support, no differences in MVPA changes were observed between groups. Web-based computer-tailored interventions with Fitbit integration may be more effective in older adults with lower levels of social support.

The relationship between self-consciousness and depression in college students: the chain mediating effect of meaning life and self-efficacy, with the moderating effect of social support

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the impact of self-consciousness on depression of college students, and mainly focus on confirming the mediator role of life meaningful and self-efficacy, as well as the moderator role of social support.MethodsIn the present study, convenient sampling method was adopted, 583 college students were recruited from Harbin city and Wenzhou city in China. All students were assessed using self-assessment scales, including self-consciousness scale, life meaningful scale, self-efficacy scale, social support scale, and self-rating depression scale. Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis were conducted by SPSS 25.0 and M-plus.ResultsResults showed that self-consciousness was negatively related to depression, life meaningful and self-efficacy partially mediated the relation between self-consciousness and depression. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that the relation between self-efficacy and depression were moderated bu social support. Compare with college students who had high social support, depression in those with low social support was more susceptible to the effect of self-efficacy.ConclusionThese findings imply that college students with low levels of self-consciousness are more easy to be depressive, enhancing their sense of life meaning and self-efficacy can effectively alleviate depression, and college student with high social support can benefit more from self-efficacy. Therefore we should pay more attention to the mental health problems of low levels self-consciousness college students in university.

Discrimination and perinatal depressive symptoms: The protective role of social support and resilience

BackgroundDiscrimination is an important social determinant of perinatal depression; however, evidence is limited regarding modifiable social and psychological factors that may moderate this association. We examined whether social support and resilience could protect against the adverse effects of discrimination on perinatal depressive symptoms. MethodsPregnant people (N = 589) receiving Expect With Me group prenatal care in Nashville, TN and Detroit, MI completed surveys during third trimester of pregnancy and six months postpartum. Linear regression models tested the association between discrimination and depressive symptoms, and the moderating effects of social support and resilience, during pregnancy and postpartum. ResultsThe sample was predominantly Black (60.6 %), Hispanic (15.8 %) and publicly insured (71 %). In multivariable analyses, discrimination was positively associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy (B = 4.44, SE = 0.37, p ≤0.001) and postpartum (B = 3.78, SE = 0.36, p < 0.001). Higher social support and resilience were associated with less depressive symptoms during pregnancy (B = -0.49, SE = 0.08, p < 0.001 and B = -0.67, SE = 0.10, p < 0.001, respectively) and postpartum (B = -0.32, SE = 0.07, p < 0.001 and B = -0.56, SE = 0.08, p < 0.001, respectively). Social support was protective against discrimination (pregnancy interaction B = -0.23, SE = 0.09, p = 0.011; postpartum interaction B = -0.35, SE = 0.07, p < 0.001). There was no interaction between discrimination and resilience at either time. LimitationsThe study relied on self-reported measures and only included pregnant people who received group prenatal care in two urban regions, limiting generalizability. ConclusionsSocial support and resilience may protect against perinatal depressive symptoms. Social support may also buffer the adverse effects of discrimination on perinatal depressive symptoms, particularly during the postpartum period.

The association of stress perception on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in parents of children with burns: The moderating effect of social support

ObjectiveFew studies have explored the mental health status of parents of children with burns and the moderating effect of social support on them. MethodsA survey was performed with parents of 112 burn-injured children at a burn center in China. Their perceived stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and social support were measured by the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Perceived Social Support Scale. Results➀ The prevalence of anxiety (46.43%), depression (52.67%) and poor sleep quality (43.75%) of parents indicated that they experienced emotional and sleep disorders;➁ The perceived stress was positively correlated with sleep quality, anxiety and depression（P＜0.01), and negatively correlated with perceived social support (p＜0.05); ➂ Social support had a significant moderating effect on their perceived stress and anxiety, depression, but not on their sleep quality. With high social support, parental perceived stress had a significant positive association on anxiety and depression, while with low perceived social support, parental perceived stress had no significant association on anxiety and depression. ConclusionParents of burned children had increased stress, obvious symptoms of anxiety and depression, and poor sleep quality. Social support had a significant buffering effect on them under low pressure, and high pressure will hinder the buffering effect of social support on stress. Therefore, the ideal services to improve mental health should be provided for them to face different levels of stress.

A prospective study of financial worry, mental health changes and the moderating effect of social support among Canadian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic intensified the impact of risk factors for adolescent mental health, including financial worry. Social support has shown to protect from negative mental health during times of stress. We examined the effect of financial worry on changes in anxiety and depression symptoms among Canadian adolescents prior to and during the pandemic, and assessed whether social support from family and friends moderated any changes. We analyzed 2-year linked data from the 2018/19 (pre-pandemic) and 2020/21 (during-pandemic) waves of the COMPASS study, with reports from 12 995 Canadian secondary school students. A series of multilevel linear regressions were conducted to examine the main hypotheses under study. Students scored an average (SD) of 7.2 (5.8) on the anxiety (GAD-7) and 10.0 (6.5) on the depression (CESD-10) scales; 16.1% reported they experienced financial worry during the pandemic. Financial worry was a strong and significant predictor of increased anxiety scores (+1.7 score between those reporting "true/mostly true" versus "false/mostly false") during the pandemic, but not for depression scores. Low family and friend support were associated with anxiety, and low family support was associated with depression. No significant interactions were detected between social support and financial worry. Pandemic-related financial worry was significantly associated with anxiety in our large sample of Canadian adolescents. Clinical and public health initiatives should be aware of adolescents' financial worry and its associations with anxiety during times of crisis.

Influence of perceived value of rural labour in China on the labourers’ willingness to return to their hometown: the moderating effect of social support

ABSTRACT China is vigorously implementing rural revitalization strategy, emphasizing the significance of human resources in the sustainable development of rural areas and agriculture. As China’s economy is entering a new normal stage, the growth rate of rural labourers’ income in cities is slowing down, and the gap between urban and rural net incomes is gradually closing. The labourers who have migrated are gradually showing the willingness to return to their hometowns for development. This study constructs a theoretical framework for the studying of rural labourers’ willingness to return to their hometowns. It finds that the perceived value of rural labour positively influences their willingness to return. Further perceived extrinsic–intrinsic benefits, perceived extrinsic costs, and their perceived values are all significantly and positively correlated. Moreover, formal support has a positive moderating effect between the perceived value of rural labour and willingness to return. The perceived value of rural labour increases with higher perceived benefits and lower perceived costs; the stronger the perceived benefits and perceived value of labour, the greater the willingness to return.

대학생 생활 스트레스와 심리적 안녕감의 관계에서 자기자비와 사회적 지지가 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data to find ways to contribute to the psychological well-being of college students by examining the relationship between college life stress, psychological well-being, self-compassion, and social support, and exploring the effects of self-compassion and social support in the relationship between college life stress and psychological well-being. The subject of this study was a university student living in Korea, and 351 copies of the 360 questionnaires collected online and offline were analyzed. As measurement tools, the college life stress scale, the psychological well-being scale, the self-compassion scale, and the social support scale were used. For the collected data, descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed using SPSS 20.0. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, there was a significant correlation between college life stress, psychological well-being, self-compassion, and social support. Second, there was a significant moderating effect of self-compassion in the relationship between college life stress and psychological well-being. Third, the moderating effect of social support was not significant in the relationship between college life stress and psychological well-being. Finally, the implications, significance, and limitations of this study were discussed, and suggestions for further research were made.

Moderating role of Social Support on the relationship between Job Rotation and Job Performance among Academicians in Higher Education Institutions

This study examines the relationship between job rotation and job performance in the Higher Education Institutions of Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with the moderating effect of social support. For the data collection, the researcher used Simple random sampling to distribute the self-administered questionnaire among the 235 academician members. The data was analyzed using statistical tools through SPSS for the study's final results. It has been found that job rotation, job performance, and social support are positively correlated, indicating that rotation can enhance employee performance when coworkers support the employee. Furthermore, social support moderates the relationship between job rotation and employee performance in HEIs. Academicians can learn about study results from the university by supporting them and providing limitations and recommendations at the end of the study.

MATERIAL DEPRIVATION AND LONELINESS AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN HONG KONG

Abstract Given that poverty as a risk factor on loneliness is understudied, this study examined the relationship between material deprivation and loneliness of older adults in Hong Kong, the mediation effects of social support and social network, and the moderation effects of social support and social engagement. A two-wave data were collected from 1,696 Chinese older adults between 2015 (T1) and 2017 (T2). All Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above, with 53.9% female. Older adults were asked about their level of loneliness, how material deprived they were, social support, social network, social engagement, demographic information, and self-rated health status. The result indicated that older adults who are more materially deprived reported a significantly higher level of loneliness at T2 when controlling for demographic variables and loneliness at baseline. Furthermore, we found that social support and the number of close children were full mediator. A significant moderator was found in neighbourhood collective efficacy and community participation specifically engagement in cultural activities. Hence, our results suggest the need to strengthen the anti-poverty policy measures for materially deprived, develop interventions focusing on improving social support and social network and enhance existing social engagement programmes that promote community participation and neighbour collective efficacy for older adults in Hong Kong.

Emotion regulation strategies on psychological distress and psychological well-being of caregivers of mentally challenged children: moderating role of social support

ABSTRACT This study investigates the moderating role of social support in the relationship between emotion regulation, psychological distress, and psychological well-being of caregivers of mentally challenged children. A total of 315 caregivers aged 18–62 (M age = 36.99, SD = 9.90; 38.7% male, 61.3% female) completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Psychological Well-being Scale. The results indicated that social support significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and psychological well-being. However, the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and psychological distress was insignificant. The findings suggest that caregivers of mentally challenged children with high social support will report higher psychological well-being when they adopt cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies.

The relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction for preschool teachers in rural China: a moderated mediation model.

Job satisfaction for preschool teachers in rural areas has an important impact on their professional development, physical and mental health, and the development of preschool education. However, few studies have explored the factors that influence rural preschool teachers' job satisfaction. This study aims to examine the influence of rural preschool teachers' work-family conflict on their job satisfaction, and the mediating effect of occupational identity, the moderating effect of social support. Participants included 3,065 rural preschool teachers from Zhejiang Province in mainland China. Teachers completed questionnaires on work-family conflict, occupational identity, job satisfaction, and social support. The correlation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted using SPSS PROCESS. (1) work-family conflict is associated with poorer job satisfaction in preschool teachers; (2) occupational identity mediates the relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction; and (3) a high level of social support alleviates the negative influence of work-family conflict on job satisfaction and promotes the positive effect of occupational identity on job satisfaction. The study revealed the negative impact of work-family conflict on preschool teachers' job satisfaction, and the protecting effect of social support, which has important implications for improving teachers' future job satisfaction.

고령장애인의 건강상태가 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향

This study aims to verify the controlled mediating effect of social support in the effect of the health status of the elderly with disabilities on life satisfaction through depression. To this end, data from the third panel of the disability and Life dynamics (2020) were used, and the subjects of the study were selected from 3,063 elderly with disabilities aged 50 or older. As an analysis method, SPSS 23.0 and Macro Process for SPSS were used to verify the Moderated mediating effect. The analysis results are as follows. First, it was verified that depression has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly with disabilities. Second, it was verified that there is a moderating effect of social support in the relationship between the health status and depression of the elderly with disabilities. Third, the social support of the elderly with disabilities has been verified to moderate the indirect effect of health status on life satisfaction through depression. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that a support system should be established for the provision of care and healthcare services for the elderly with disabilities, alongside the implementation of programs that activate social support for psychological and emotional assistance. Additionally, it is recommended that there should be an improvement in long-term service accessibility and the establishment of a support system that enables integrated services within the living area.

노인의 음주가 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향

Drinking among the elderly is associated with mental health problems like depression, but the effects of drinking may vary depending on the effects of protective factors. Thus, this study would examine the moderated mediation effect of social support through depression on the relationship between drinking and life satisfaction among the elderly. For this purpose, the Aging Research Panel was used to analyze 1,401 individuals aged 65 and older, and SPSS 23 and PROCESS Macro were used to test the mediated, moderated, and moderated mediation effects. The main findings are as follows First, there was a full mediation effect of depression on the relationship between drinking and life satisfaction among the elderly. Second, there was a moderating effect of social support on the relationship between drinking and depression. Third, the mediating effect of depression on the effect of drinking on life satisfaction was found to be a moderated mediation effect that increased as social support increased. Based on these findings, practical and policy suggestions were made to improve the life satisfaction of the elderly according to drinking.

Does Stress Make You Less Neighbourly?*

Social cohesion and financial tensions are the key components of psychosocial well‐being, yet the relationship has rarely been examined. This article, which offers an empirical investigation into the complex and multidimensional character of social cohesion, examines how financial stress affects social relations in Australia and analyses the moderating effect of social support using longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. The results indicate that financial stress has negative effects on social cohesion and has the potential to contribute to social fragmentation. It was found that structural social cohesion is more affected by financial stress than cognitive social cohesion. This study also uncovers the beneficial and buffering effects that social support can bestow on financial stress trauma sufferers.

The effect of emotional labour on professional well-being among early childhood teachers based on structural equation modelling

Abstract This paper strategically classifies the emotional labor of early childhood teachers and explores the relationship between emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, occupational well-being, and occupational self-efficacy based on a five-dimensional model of teachers’ occupational well-being. A structural equation model was developed to explore the mediating effects of early childhood teachers’ psychological capital between surface behavior, passive depth behavior, and occupational well-being, using psychological capital as a mediating variable. Based on the mediation analysis of the structural equation model, parameter identification and parameter design were performed to conduct descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyses of emotional labor and occupational well-being of kindergarten teachers occupational well-being, and to test the moderating effect of social support in the multimedia context. Deep play significantly and positively predicted the dimensions of emotional well-being, professional well-being, interpersonal harmony, environmental satisfaction, and total occupational well-being scores, i.e., β= 0.35, 0.42, 0.40, 0.21, 0.36, P&lt;0.01.

인지기능 저하 노인의 영양상태와 우울 간의 관계

This study aims to examine the moderating effect of social support on the relationship between nutritional status and depression in the older adults with cognitive impairment group. For this purpose, 2,545 older adults with cognitive impairment group and 7,281 normal older adults selected based on a cognitive function diagnostic test were selected as final analysis subjects among all respondents in the 2020 survey of living conditions and welfare needs of Korean older persons. As a result of the study, it was found that both the nutritional status and depression relationship between cognitive impairment group and normal older adults were negatively significant. It was found that the elderly with cognitive impairment group had a significant the blood relation social support system among social support, and normal older adults had a significant non-blood relation social support system among social support. In other words, the lower the blood relation social support system for the elderly with cognitive impairment group, and the lower the non-blood relation social support system for the normal older adults, the higher the depression. Finally, as a result of examining the moderating effect of social support, it was found that the elderly with reduced cognitive function had a moderating effect in the blood relation social support system and the normal older adults elderly in the non-blood relation social support. Therefore, this study expanded the academic discussion by examining the moderating effect of social support on nutritional status and depression in the elderly based on NSS (New Nutrition Science), which emphasizes theories related to nutrition, depression, and social support. In particular, it is meaningful in that it can be used as basic data for practical and policy measures by conducting research on the elderly with cognitive decline, who have a high prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment.