Moderating Effect Of Nationality Research Articles

The Mediating Effect of Brand Factor and Moderating Effect of Nationality and Age in the Relationship between Compulsive Buying Tendency and Repurchase Intention of Herbal Cosmetics by Female Consumers

This study examines the mediating effect of brand factors and the moderating effect of nationality and age in the relationship between compulsive buying tendency and repurchase intention of herbal cosmetics by female consumers. The study subjects were 205 Korean and 205 Chinese female consumers who had used Korean herbal cosmetics. The collected data was analyzed to get the general characteristics of the research subjects using the SPSS 23.0 program, and descriptive statistics, reliability, and correlation analyses were performed. Furthermore, the appropriate structural model for the research hypothesis was investigated using the AMOS 21.0 program to develop a final model. As a result of the study, brand factors showed a mediating effect between compulsive buying tendency and repurchase intention. Additionally, it was found that Chinese female consumers had a stronger positive effect on the relationship between compulsive buying tendency and repurchase intention than Korean female consumers. Moreover, the younger the research subjects, the stronger the positive effect on the relationship between compulsive buying tendency and brand factors, and the older the research subjects, the stronger positive effect brand factor had on repurchase intention. In conclusion, the results of this study are expected to provide basic research data for Korean herbal cosmetics companies to lead the Korean and Chinese markets and to further grow and develop.

Technology in Relationships and Satisfaction: Nationality as a Moderator

ABSTRACT Technology as a communication medium now functions as a core way to connect to peers, family members, and romantic partners independent of time and location. These technologies help us to initiate relationships and maintain them, but also can introduce complications such as connection to others outside of our relationships and take time away from relationships. The purpose of this study was to test a model proposing a moderating effect of nationality on the link between technology in relationships and satisfaction. In a cross-sectional study of 658 American and 503 Austrian adults (n = 1161), participants who were in a committed relationship for at least 6 months completed a survey assessing their use of technology, how their use of technology affected their relationships, their nationality, and their relationship satisfaction. Results indicated a significant effect for nationality on couple satisfaction. Implications for cultural understandings of technology in relationships and their effect on couple satisfaction include the therapist developing an understanding of each person’s future around technology use and to inform their assessment around how each member’s use of technology supports or detracts from relationship satisfaction.

May problem-based learning get higher evaluation from student?

Purpose The paper aims to explore the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) embedding degree and education level on individual perception, as well as the moderating effect of nationality. Design/methodology/approach The paper first conceptualizes PBL embedding degree which means the extent of applying PBL. It takes an empirical study on an international MBA class in one of the first-class universities in China. An investigation is taken with the designed “PBL-based Cognitive Perception Scale” and an Ordered Probit Model is constructed. Findings The findings of this study are as follows: PBL embedding degree has a significant effect on the cognitive perception of student, which varies in different dimensions; the educational level of international student positively affects the cognitive perception toward PBL; and nationality may moderate the relationship between the PBL embedding degree and individual perception. Originality/value The paper replenishes the investigation and application of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning. By conceptualizing PBL embedding degree, the paper extends the research perspectives of PBL and proposes a subjective method on the evaluation of PBL. The paper also may provide a guidance for PBL curriculum design with sustainable development of education.

Tourist motivation and place attachment: the mediating effects of service interactions with hotel employees

ABSTRACTUsing social facilitation theory, this study evaluates the mediating effects of service interactions with hotel employees on the relationship between tourist motivation and place attachment. The moderating effects of nationality and hotel star-rating on these relationships are also examined. The overall model tested on a sample of 545 international visitors to the island of Mauritius showed that service interactions mediated the relationship between tourist motivation and place attachment. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) multi-group analysis found that the relationships among the constructs differed according to tourists’ nationality and the hotels’ star rating. The findings have important implications for hotel managers and destination marketing and management.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS ADVERTISING: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA USING MULTI-GROUP ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT This study seeks to determine attitude towards advertising in general in Malaysia and Indonesia, and the moderating effect of nationality on behavioural relationships. Theory of reasoned action and the seven-factor belief model are utilized to explain the effect of advertising beliefs on attitude and subsequently intention. Since little study is done to compare advertising attitudes in the Southeast Asian context, multi-group analysis using variance-based structural equation modeling is used to investigate the subject matter between the two countries. Online questionnaire was administered, and 215 Malaysians and 147 Indonesians responded in two months. The findings show Malaysians and Indonesians share similar beliefs, attitude and intention towards advertising except for the belief about materialism. The effect of such belief is also found to be significantly different between them. Despite being largely similar in advertising attitude, it is pivotal to distinguish their advertising beliefs. The study lays foundations for further cross-border investigation in this region. Keywords Advertising, attitude, belief, Malaysia, Indonesia, PLS-SEM, multi-group

Argumentativeness and Political Participation: A Cross-Cultural Analysis in the United States and Turkey

This study is an examination of the relationship between argumentativeness and political participation and the moderating effect of nationality on this relationship. Through a survey analysis of 801 individuals in the United States (592) and Turkey (209), the following was found: Americans are more argumentative than Turks, Turks participate more in politics than Americans, argumentativeness and political participation are not significantly correlated, and nationality does not significantly affect the relationship between argumentativeness and political participation. Cultural differences between the United States and Turkey are discussed as reasons for differences between the two nations in argumentativeness and political participation.

Moderating Effects of Nationality and Product Category on the Relationship between Innovation and Customer Equity in Korea and China

Innovation has become a key concept in recent decades. Truly innovative products can create value for consumers, extend the product category, generate higher margins, and strengthen the brand. Simply speaking, relationships may form between product innovation and each driver of customer equity. However, for different product categories and nationalities, this relationship may differ. This paper not only identifies the relationships between innovation and customer equity, but also examines the moderating effects of product category and nationality. In total, 409 consumers from Korea (n = 200) and China (n = 209) were surveyed by questionnaire in this study. The stimuli of the degree of innovation (i.e., radical or incremental) included Nike+Ipod and Adidas 1, and Nike Air Max and Adidas Team Series from the shoe industry, while H&M designer label and Nano material, and H&M seasonal collection and cycle material from the clothing industry. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that the degree of innovation exerts positive influences on value equity and brand equity, which can be drivers of customer equity. Thus, the reason firms launch innovative products is not only to boost sales by increasing customer value, but also to improve brand image, which can influence the customers’ purchase decision. The relationship between innovation and customer equity can be moderated by product category and nationality. Managers should develop different innovation strategies based on different product categories and customer nationalities.

Urban destination loyalty drivers and cross-national moderator effects: The case of Barcelona

The objective of this paper is to analyze the loyalty of tourists to urban tourism destinations, studying the differences existing on the basis of nationality of origin. The review of the academic literature identified perceived value and satisfaction as antecedents of loyalty. A theoretical model was constructed which was tested empirically with a total of 927 surveys of Italian and American tourists in the city of Barcelona. In the study of the data, structural equation models (SEM) were used, by means of a multi-group analysis. The empirical results show that the causal relationships among perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty and the moderating effect of nationality are partially confirmed. This study contributes to better knowledge of the processes that lead tourists to be loyal to an urban tourism destination.