Moderating Effect Of Experience Research Articles

Queer Experiences of Religion: How Marginalization within a Religion Affects Its Queer Members

We sought to understand how the mental state of religious queer individuals is affected by religious marginalization and queer identity. Using a multi-method approach, we analyzed data from 626 participants to assess how a queer status affected psychological distress and life satisfaction, the mediating effect of strength of faith on the relationship between the queer status and life satisfaction, and the moderating effect of experiences with marginalization on the relationship between the strength of faith, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. Queer status was found to have a significant impact on queer individuals’ psychological wellness and life satisfaction. Marginalization experiences decreased psychological wellness and life satisfaction. Our qualitative analyses add to these results, describing the weaponization of queer identity in religious settings. These results can be attributed to the strong main effects of queer status and strength of faith on psychological distress and life satisfaction rather than tertiary variables.

Technology Acceptance in Public Sector Universities: A Case Study of University of the Punjab

Through the mediating role of behavioral intention and moderating role of experience, this study aims to determine that how well Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is accepted and used in public universities, such as evidence from the University of the Punjab by using the UTAUT model. Data is gathered from the 340 employees working in the different Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) departments in the University of the Punjab. The boundary conditions and mechanisms between UTAUT model and employee behavior were estimated using SEM. SEM strongly agreed that behavioral intention partially mediated the impact of the UTAUT model on employees’ behavior. We discovered that experience can increase the indirect effects of behavioral intention on employee behavior. The research limitation is a longitudinal study. The study results have implications for exploring how the UTAUT model affects employees' behavior within the organization. This is the first study to examine the mediating role of behavioral intention and the moderating effect of experience in determining the relationship between UTAUT model and employee behavior using multi-source data from the educational sector.

Starting conversations with new customers: a research note on the moderating effect of experience on responses to small talk

In this research note, we explore when salespeople should begin conversations with new customers with small talk. During initial meetings with customers, salespeople can choose to begin with small talk about topics not related to the task to break the ice or they can move straight to business and provide task-relevant information. Both approaches have garnered some support from different literature streams, and it remains unclear which approach is best. In two experiments with 399 and 365 respondents respectively, we compare customers’ responses to small talk versus task talk initiated by salespeople during an initial meeting. We consider whether the customer’s previous level of experience with the offering category moderates the effects and explore an explanatory mechanism for why this occurs. Findings indicate that customers’ responses to small talk versus task talk vary depending on their level of experience. When the salesperson starts with small talk, novice customers’ intentions to do business with the salesperson increase because small talk makes them feel more comfortable. We conclude that salespeople should consider a customers’ level of experience and adapt their communication tactics accordingly.

Impact of positive illusions and experience on decision to invest in own new venture

Objectives. The objective of this study is threefold: 1) to examine the effect of positive illusions on risk taking manifested in opportunity evaluation and investment decision; 2) to examine the mediating role of risk attitudes on the relationship between positive illusions and risk taking manifested in opportunity evaluation and investment decision; 3) to examine the moderating effect of experience on the relationship between positive illusions and risk taking manifested in opportunity evaluation and investment decision. Sample and setting. Research sample comprised 132 entrepreneurs aged between 19 and 63 (M = 40.6; SD = 10.8) owning small, medium, and large-sized businesses. Hypotheses. 1) Individuals exhibiting higher positive illusions (overconfidence, unrealistic optimism, illusion of control) would take higher risk manifested in opportunity evaluation and investment decision. 2) Risk attitudes will mediate the relationship between positive illusions and risk taking manifested in opportunity evaluation and investment decision. 3) Experience will moderate the relationship between positive illusions and risk taking manifested in opportunity evaluation and investment decision. Statistical analysis and results. 1) Using simple linear regression it was found that only unrealistic optimism for rare positive events and illusion of control predicted risk taking manifested in investment decision. None of positive illusions explained opportunity evaluation. 2) Using PROCESS macro for mediation analysis it was found that domain-specific risk perception, rather than general risk tolerance, is statistically significant mediator of the relationship between unrealistic optimism for rare positive events and investment decision. 3) Moderation analysis via PROCESS macro showed that only entrepreneurial experience moderates the relationship between unrealistic optimism for rare positive events and investment decision using own savings. The limitations concerning gender and domain specificity of methods are discussed in the study.

Digital financial advice solutions – Evidence on factors affecting the future usage intention and the moderating effect of experience

Recently, Digital Financial Advice Solutions (i.e., “Robo Advice” or “Robo Advisory”) are emerging rapidly within the financial services sectors, which can be outlined by the respective Assets under Managements’ CAGR of 255.9 % from 2016 to 2018 in Germany (Kaya, 2019). However, these developments imply both opportunities and threats for traditional financial institutions: On the one hand, potential customer out-migrations, the loss of cross-selling potentials and potential yields as well as challenged competitiveness pose significant risks. On the other hand, if traditional banks manage to implement appropriate measures timely, the recent developments also offer great market potentials. Thus, it is inevitable to identify, understand and discuss factors that drive the customers’ future usage intention of Digital Financial Advice Solutions. As a result, we derive, from the traditional financial institutions’ point of view, strategic and managerial implications on how to deal with the currently emerging trends of Digital Financial Advice Solutions. For this purpose, we conducted a questionnaire-based online survey, which ultimately led to 600 evaluable observations. Finally, according to the two strands of literature this study bases on, i.e., the Net Valence Framework and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2, we built a partial least squares (PLS)-based structural equation model (SEM)11PLS-SEM: Partial least squares-based structural equation model. that incorporates a comprehensive set of variables. In doing so, we contribute to not only the general understanding of Digital Financial Advice Solutions and two different strands of literature but also to the solution of issues that are of great relevance for practitioners, too. Subsequently, this study concludes by the derivation of future research requirements regarding these, both theoretically and practically, important matters.

THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE ON JOB STRESS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF EXPERIENCE DURING COVID- 19 PANDEMIC IN EGYPT

Purpose – This study explored the impact of organizational resilience on Job stress, and the moderating effect of experience on this relationship during the COVID- 19 pandemic in Egypt. Therefore, the main question, which this study tries to answer is: Does organizational resilience have a significant impact on Job stress during the COVID- 19 pandemic in Egypt? Design/methodology/ approach – This study used both descriptive and field analytical techniques. On the one hand, the researcher used descriptive techniques to review and evaluate the literature. On the other hand, the researcher used analytical techniques to analyze the data, obtained from the targeted sectors, about the moderating effect of experience on organizational resilience’s impact on Job stress. Consequently, this study was able to achieve its purpose of assessing the impact of organizational resilience dimensions on Job stress and the moderating role of experience in Egypt during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Based on a simple sampling method, the researcher distributed 300 questionnaires in the Egyptian market and, once incomplete questionnaires were excluded, the researcher collected 231 usable samples. This represented a 77% response rate, which was for those who willingly participated. Findings- The data analysis reveals that uncertainty about the future is the most important dimension of organizational resilience and that its reduction had a positive effect on Job stress. The study findings show that the greater the amount of experience, the less the effect of uncertainty, livelihood, and governance. In addition, when there are high levels of experience, there is a reduction in the impact of threats and other stresses on Job stress. Practical implications – One of the main findings of this study is that organizations must pay more attention to organizational resilience by creating a special resilience framework that relies on aspects of future uncertainty, threats and stresses, livelihood, and governance. Also, Job stress can be enhanced by focusing on the control of organizational resilience.

Prospective Teachers' Attitudes toward People with Disabilities on Multi-Cultural Acceptance: Moderating Effects of Experience of Inclusive Education and Related Courses

Prospective Teachers' Attitudes toward People with Disabilities on Multi-Cultural Acceptance: Moderating Effects of Experience of Inclusive Education and Related Courses

MODERATING EFFECT OF EXPERIENCE ON THE INTENTION - BEHAVIORAL RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of experience within the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and how it influences the relationship between intention and behavior towards functional food consumption, as well as to develop the measurement for the construct of experience from the perspective of healthy food consumption. Methodology: The population of the study comprised of Malaysian consumers aged 18 years and above who live in Peninsular Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire is used as data collection tools during a mall intercept in selected supermarkets in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The total sample of 452 consumers was usable for analysis. The study examined the intrinsic and extrinsic experience, which are the Feeling of Using Functional Food and the Functional Food Environment, respectively. The study used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 23) to analyze the data. The factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were employed to examine the moderating effect of experience on intention - behavior relationship. Main Findings: The results showed that only intrinsic experience moderates the relationship between intention and behavior towards functional food consumption. Thus, it indicates that when the individual feels the rewards and benefits (intrinsic) of using functional food, the chances of consuming functional food will increase. Applications of this study: This study suggested that the feeling of using functional food (such as feeling happy and healthy) is important in motivating consumers to initiate the desired healthy eating behavior. Thus, healthy food producers and marketers must teach this notion in their strategies. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes to the methodological aspect by developing a modified scale measuring experience focusing on healthy food consumption. This study also verifies that the significantly modified scale measuring experience in different contexts and settings is distinctly acceptable and could be a useful scale for future research. This study has proposed two dimensions of experience on healthy food consumption: The feeling of Using Functional Food and the Functional Food Environment.

A Study on Relationship between Undergraduates' Personality Characteristics, Emotional Intelligence, and Empathic Ability : Moderating Effect of Experience in Taking Counseling Course

A Study on Relationship between Undergraduates' Personality Characteristics, Emotional Intelligence, and Empathic Ability : Moderating Effect of Experience in Taking Counseling Course

Leadership Self-Efficacy, Change Oriented Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Moderating Effect of Experience

Knowledge is an essential factor in human existence. Education has been found responsible for social, economic, cultural and technological development of human society. Higher education institutions are responsible for producing required skilled human capital needed to enhance sustainable development. For these institutions to meet up with numerous demand of the society and function effectively leadership is an essential factor to be considered. This study examined the effect of leadership self-efficacy, change oriented behavior on staff organizational citizenship behavior in higher education institutions focusing on the moderating effect of experience. A total of 420 staff from 10 different higher education institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria were sampled. Structural Equation Modeling was used to access the moderating effect of experience on these variables. It was found that experience moderates the relationship between leadership self-efficacy, change oriented behavior, change policy and organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, experience must be considered as a vital factor in higher education management and development.

Added distance, entry mode choice, and the moderating effect of experience: The case of British MNEs in emerging markets

Distance has been viewed as a crucial determinant of the internationalization strategy of firms. Nonetheless, in recent years, there has been considerable debate with regards to, first, the type of distance considered most important when it comes to explaining the internationalization strategy of firms, and, second, how distance should be measured. In our study, we argue that a developed market multinational enterprise (DMNE)’s decision regarding the mode of entry into an emerging market (EM) will be affected by the geographic and administrative distance between the locations in which the MNE has previously held operations. Drawing our arguments on transaction costs economics (TCE) and Internalization Theory, we propose that, for low and high geographic and administrative distance, DMNEs will opt to enter EMs via a wholly owned subsidiary, while for moderate levels of distance via a joint venture. Furthermore, we argue that DMNEs’ previous international experience in EMs will have a positive effect on the suggested U‐shaped relationship, alleviating the negative effects associated with the coordination and knowledge dissipation costs incurred as a result of the level of distance. Our study contributes to existing literature both theoretically—notably via the examination of under‐researched facets of distance on entry mode choice—and also methodologically—through the adoption of a novel methodological approach in measuring distance. We test our hypotheses against a data set comprising 316 entries of FTSE 250 British MNEs in 39 EMs spanning the period 1971–2010.

Donation to charity and purchase of cause‐related products: The influence of existential guilt and experience

AbstractCharity donation is an important prosocial behaviour that is often generated/strengthened by emotional stimuli from advertising. A similar strategy is often used to trigger the purchase of cause‐related products. The two activities represent direct and indirect methods of financial support and are important topics for researchers and practitioners. Charity donation and purchase of cause‐related products are typically investigated on the basis of different theoretical backgrounds; therefore, they are almost never directly compared with each other. However, the two share some similarities from the perspectives of the donor/buyer and the donation recipient. This article aims to analyse how direct and indirect donation behaviours are influenced by the same emotional stimulus (existential guilt generated by a visual advertisement). In parallel, this article examines the possible moderation effect of similar past behaviours. The study is performed by surveying 374 respondents in Lithuania. Results confirmed that the same emotion (existential guilt) had a direct positive impact on the intention towards both studied behaviours. However, the moderation effect of experience was observed only in the relationship between existential guilt and the intention to donate to charity, signalling the difference in its influence on the two behaviours. These findings enrich the knowledge of the similarities and differences between direct (donating to charity) and indirect (purchasing cause‐related products) donation behaviours. Additionally, it fills in the knowledge gap regarding the relation between the intentions of prosocial behaviours and existential guilt as an advertising appeal.

Offshoring Innovation to Emerging Countries: The Effects of IP Protection and Cultural Differences on Firms\u2019 Decision to Augment Versus Exploit Home-Base-Knowledge

Developed-country multinationals (DMNEs) have increasingly engaged in the practice of offshoring innovation to emerging countries. In this article, we leverage and extend the institution-based view to further our understanding of this phenomenon. Specifically, we examine the differential effects of formal and informal institutions on DMNEs’ strategic decision to offshore innovation activities aimed at augmenting (versus exploiting) home-base-knowledge to emerging countries. Concerning formal institutions, we argue that the stronger the emerging host country’s IP protection, the higher the likelihood that a DMNE offshores innovation activities aimed at augmenting home-base-knowledge. Regarding informal institutions, we argue that the greater the cultural differences between the developed home country and the emerging host country, the higher the likelihood that a DMNE offshores innovation activities aimed at augmenting home-base-knowledge. Additionally, we propose a key contingency that attenuates the relationship involving IP protection while strengthening the one involving cultural differences: the DMNE’s experience with offshoring innovation. Analysis of 128 offshoring innovation implementations by 78 DMNEs in ten emerging countries provides support for all our hypotheses except for the one focused on the moderation effect of experience on the relationship involving cultural differences.

The moderating effect of user experience on satisfaction with electronic banking: empirical evidence from the Spanish case

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the field of satisfaction research from the perspective of electronic banking users--a topic of great interest to financial institutions as they formulate business strategies. In this context, we analyze the possible moderating effect of user experience with the products of a specific institution. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature justified the development of a behavioral model that explains satisfaction using a set of constructs or endogenous variables and the moderating effect of experience. Data was collected from a self-administered Web survey in the authenticated section of the electronic banking service of a prestigious Spanish National financial institution. The analysis tests the relationship between the proposed variables (ease of access, trust, ease of use and usefulness) and demonstrates the moderating effect of electronic banking experience on them. The study was limited to the data of a single financial institution. Caution should therefore be exercised in generalizing the results. The research results provide a number of valuable conclusions for financial institutions. This paper is a pioneer study of satisfaction with electronic banking, especially with regard to the causal relationships between satisfaction and its main determinants.

A reasoned action perspective of user innovation: Model and empirical test

Much research in the field of user innovation has followed two theoretical perspectives — the cost–benefit framework and the community perspective of user innovation. By adopting the theory of reasoned action (TRA) into the context of user innovation, this study establishes an integrative theoretical framework to accommodate both the cost–benefit perspective and the community perspective of user innovation. This TRA-extended framework embraces both the direct and the interactive influences of the cost–benefit factors (the perceived effort in innovation and the perceived benefit from innovation), the individual characteristics (personal innovativeness and experience) and the social interactions (the perceived social influence) in shaping user innovation at the individual level. The empirical results support the proposed theoretical model. The results also reveal that the moderating effect of experience (or perceived effort) on the intentional component of user innovation is different from the effect on the behavioral component of user innovation.

Educational webcasts' acceptance: Empirical examination and the role of experience

AbstractEducational webcasts have enhanced the value of training procedures in institutions and business organizations. In this study, variables from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, Social Cognitive Theory and Theory of Planed Behavior were chosen as important predictors of e‐Learning tools acceptance. This hybrid framework aims to verify the effect of the selected key variables on webcast acceptance. Moreover, the effect of experience on learners' intention to adopt webcasts is explored, as well as the moderating effect of experience on the relationships between the selected key variables and the intention to adopt webcasts. Responses from 248 webcast‐based learners were used to examine webcasts' adoption and the differences between learners with low and high levels of webcast usage experience. Results confirmed the effects of the key variables and experience on learners' intention to use webcasts and indicated the moderating effect of learners' experience on the relationships between (1) Perceived Behavioral Control and Behavioral Intention and (2) Social Norm and Behavioral Intention. The overall outcomes are expected to contribute to theoretical development and promote the acceptance of educational webcasts.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic? Effort Expectancy, Performance Expectancy, Social Norm, Computer Self‐Efficacy and Perceived Behavioral Control have been successfully applied to predict the acceptance of several e‐Learning tools. Studies have shown that learners' prior experience has an impact on their intention to adopt some e‐Learning tools (eg, learning websites). Empirical examinations have been conducted for several e‐Learning tools such as Educational Portals, Moodle and Blackboard. What this paper adds? This research verifies that Effort Expectancy, Performance Expectancy, Social Norm, Computer Self‐Efficacy and Perceived Behavioral Control are critical factors for learners' behavioral intentions to use an educational webcast. This research found that learners' prior experience influences their behavioral intentions to use an educational webcast. This research found that learners' prior experience in webcasting has a significant moderating effect on the relationships between perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention and between social norm and behavioral intention to use an educational webcast. Learners with low perceived behavioral control or social norm, who have high experience with webcasting, will have the same behavioral intention with learners with high perceived behavioral control or social norm and low experience. In other words, the effect of social norm and perceived behavioral control on behavioral intention can be eliminated (or enforced) by the effect of experience. Implications for practice and/or policy Webcast developers should strive to increase participants' intrinsic motivations such as social norm, and make them feel in a home‐like environment. For example, the interface of the webcast should have some standards for making learners feel experts. Additionally, it should contain information about the traffic of webcast provider and some social characteristics of the learners. Instructors and higher education institutions should focus on the educational webcasts' usefulness and ease of use because their predictive effect on educational webcast acceptance is higher. Past research has also shown that strategies, such as providing overviews of the tools used in the course, holding hands‐on workshops with the technology (Song, Singleton, Hill & Koh, 2004) and providing an online technical service are effective means of promoting users' perceptions of the ease of use and usefulness. Instructors may consider different methods to increase the experience with the webcast system. For instance, instructors can treat the use of webcasts as an objective for the learners to achieve learning targets. When learners use webcasts, they increase their experience and perceive that through its use, the outcome of their work could be improved and their intention to use it will noticeably increase. Overall, this study helps institutions and business organizations to understand the webcasts' take‐up intention rate and, perhaps, call their attention to explore further the reasons why the majority of the learners are neither likely to take up webcasts nor sure about their willingness.

Objective quality and business performance in service environments: moderating effects of entrepreneurs' knowledge and involvement

This study considers two main research issues: the relationship between objective quality and business performance and the moderating role of an entrepreneur's knowledge (education and experience) and involvement (exclusiveness in professional dedication) in that relationship. A sample of 103 rural tourism entrepreneurs in Spain serves as the study setting. Results indicate the positive influence of an establishment's quality on performance. Moreover, both knowledge and involvement have direct effects on performance, but involvement influences performance to a greater extent and even reaches profits. Positive moderating effects of experience and exclusiveness also emerge, as does an unexpected negative moderating effect of education.

An acceptance model for an Internet protocol television service in Korea with prior experience as a moderator

This study examines the effect of users' prior experience on the adoption behaviour in the Internet protocol television (IP TV) service domains. This article proposes a new acceptance model for an IP TV service considering the moderating effect of experience and verifies the model with an empirical study. Respondents are classified into either experienced or inexperienced groups according to their prior experience with the IP TV service. The results indicate that motivational factors used in our study affect behavioural intention. In addition, this study shows that the influence of extrinsic motivational factors on the behavioural intention are stronger for the experienced group than the inexperienced group and the influence of intrinsic motivational factors on the behavioural intention are stronger for the inexperienced group than the experienced group. This article concludes with study implications, as well as limitations and future research directions.

Internal and external influences on adoption decisions in multi-unit firms: the moderating effect of experience

Facing uncertainty about whether to adopt a new technology, firms rely on both external and internal sources of information. Firms may learn vicariously about the desirability of adoption; a large body of research has demonstrated a tendency for firms to imitate rival adopters. Organizations with multiple units may also learn from their own experience once an initial unit of the firm has adopted. This article uses data on the establishment of websites by consumer magazines during the early internet era to test the hypothesis that multi-unit firms pay less attention to rivals after an initial unit of the firm has adopted. Consistent with this hypothesis, it is found that the influence of rivals drops sharply following the initial adoption. One explanation for the shift is that vicarious learning becomes less valuable once richer information becomes available from internal sources.