Moderate Premenstrual Syndrome Research Articles

The relationship between physical activity and premenstrual syndrome in senior high school students: a prospective study

Reproductive-aged women experience somatic and affective symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) which affect their daily life and work, but there are limited tracking data on senior high school-age female students. To investigate the characteristics and incidence of PMS, and to detect the relationship between physical exercise participation and PMS in female students of senior high school. A prospective study was conducted among senior high school female students aged 14–16 years. The participant was asked to finish two questionnaires. One questionnaire collected information about demographic data and PMS symptoms which were recorded on a daily calendar named Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) per day. Another questionnaire was physical exercises participation questionnaire, collecting times of physical education (PE) class participation, exercise times, exercise type participation in morning exercise and recess exercise, times of morning exercise, times of recess exercise per week, recess exercise time, and autonomous exercise participation of students. The data were prospectively recorded for three consecutive months. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was performed for results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis model. A total of 233 participants completed the prospective study, 78 (33.5%) participants experienced PMS. The incidence of the participants with mild PMS was 20.2% while moderate PMS was 11.6% and severe PMS was 1.7%. The most common somatic symptom was fatigue while the most common affective symptom was cannot concentrate. Participants with PE classes less than 2 times per week were 4.43 times (OR 4.43, 95% CI 1.18–16.6, p < 0.05) more possible to experience PMS than those with 2 times PE classes per week. PMS is a frequent phenomenon in senior high school female students. Female students with 2 times PE classes per week show a lower incidence of PMS. This study encouraged senior high school-age females to take more physical exercises per week and could be helpful to create a no-pharmacology coping strategy.

Premenstrual Syndrome among Medical Students of a Medical college: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Premenstrual syndrome is the premenstrual disorder with wide range of prevalence world-wide leading to higher rates of work absences, higher medical expenses, and lower health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among medical students of a medical college. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in a medical college among medical students using self-reported questionnaires based on American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists criteria for premenstrual syndrome, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey for quality of life, from 1 January 2022 to 31 March 2022 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 207807955). Convenience sampling was used among students who met the inclusion criteria. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Among 113 patients, premenstrual syndrome according was seen in 83 (73.45%) (82.93-83.06, 95% Confidence Interval) out of which, 56 (67.46%) showed mild premenstrual syndrome, and 27 (32.53%) had moderate premenstrual syndrome. The most commonly reported affective symptoms of premenstrual syndrome was irritability 82 (98.79%), while the somatic symptoms was abdominal bloating 63 (75.90%). The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among medical students was similar to in the other studies done in similar settings. premenstrual syndrome; prevalence; quality of life.

Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Among Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing Women with Mood Disorders in Saudi Arabia

The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among deaf/hard-of-hearing women with mood disorders in Saudi Arabia. The study sample comprised 380 deaf/hard-of-hearing women with mood disorders, and a convenient sampling method was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used. Percentage, frequency and standard deviation, Chi-square test, unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation were used for quantitative and statistical logistic regression analysis. According to the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, the prevalence of PMS (moderate to severe PMS) is 71.05%, and the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorders is 16%. Women with moderate to severe PMS consume more French fries/snacks, more processed food, more candy, and less banana than women with low to moderate PMS do. They also have food with high sodium quantity and food with high carbs. They have more physical disease and pain during this period. They suffer more than others from diarrhea and loose stools during menstruation. They use benzodiazepines more than women with low to moderate PMS do.

Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Knowledge regarding Premenstrual Syndrome and its Management among Girls

The present study was done to assess the prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) among girls, to identify the severity of PMS, to assess the knowledge regarding PMS and its management, to find the association between prevalence of PMS and selected socio-demographic variables, menstrual details and Body Mass Index (BMI) and determine the association between knowledge regarding PMS and its management and selected socio-demographic variables. The sample consisted of 100 girls who have attained menarche of age group 18-20 years by convenience sampling technique. The design used was descriptive survey design with quantitative approach. The tools used were structured questionnaire for socio-demographic, menstrual details and knowledge regarding PMS and its management. Biophysical variable was assessed by the investigator herself and four point rating scale was used to assess prevalence and severity of PMS. The findings of the present study were that the prevalence of PMS was 73% among the girls based on the American College of Obstetrician and Gynaecologist (ACOG) diagnostic criteria. More than half (69.86%) of the samples have moderate PMS. About 88% of the samples had average knowledge, 9% had poor knowledge and 3% had good knowledge regarding PMS and its management. There is significant association between prevalence of PMS with age in years (χ²=6.48, P&lt;0.05) and there is significant association between level of knowledge regarding PMS and its management with monthly family income (χ²=15.956, P&lt;0.05). Hence the study concluded that prevalence of PMS is 73%. Socio-demographic variables have an influence on prevalence of PMS and knowledge regarding PMS and its management.

Premenstrual syndrome severity in Turkey: a meta-analysis study

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to determine the severity of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) in Turkey through meta-analysis by examining articles that scan for PMS with Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS). In this study 25 primary studies, published between January 2012-June 2021 were examined. In these studies, attention was paid to use the same measurement tool to make a common estimation. The measurement tool used in the studies to diagnose PMS was the PMSS, which is frequently used in Turkey. Evaluations were made regarding the scores in the PMSS total and sub-domains. At the end of the meta-analysis of PMS, which is an important women’s health problem in Turkey as well as throughout the world, it was identified that women living in Turkey experienced PMS at moderate severity. However, it was not overlooked that the scores in the sub-domains of PMSS were high. Moderate PMS negatively affects women’s social and work lives. Knowing the PMS severity of women in a society may be important to understand and correctly evaluate women in the premenstrual period. It is thought that positive results will be received by raising awareness in women about this important health problem and conducting remedial studies.

The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in patients with depressive or panic disorder

IntroductionPremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), affects 3-5% of the women of childbearing age. According to scientific literature, the prevalence of PMDD increases with age and among the psychiatric patient population as well, e.g. in women suffering depressive disorder (DD) or panic disorder (PD).Objectives To estimate the prevalence of PMDD in women without psychiatric comorbidities and those with concomitant DD or PD.MethodsA cross-sectional non-interventional study that enrolled 159 women, divided in 3 groups: 1) 98 women (mean age 31.04 ± 6.31) with PMS and no psychiatric comorbidities; 2) 31 women with PMS and DD (mean age 39.4±7.21); 3) 30 women with PMS and PD (mean age 31.2±7.89). PMS was assessed by the PSST (Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool). DD and PD were diagnosed by MINI and a psychiatric evaluation. Descriptive and frequency statistics were performed.ResultsWithin the group without comorbidities mild PMS was present in 48% (N=47) of the cases, moderate - in 41,8% (N=41), and in 10,2% (N=10) of the cases PMDD was diagnosed. Within the group with comorbid DD 25,8% (N=8) had mild PMS, 58,1% (N=18) had moderate and 16,1% (N=5) had PMDD. Among the women with comorbid PD 56,7% (N=17) suffered moderate PMS, 43,3% (N=13) - PMDD and no mild cases were documented.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that comorbid DD or PD increases the prevalence of PMDD. It is considerably more common in patients with PD than those with DD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Association of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adiposity and Nutrient Intake Among Young Indian Women

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a heterogenous group of symptoms occurring in luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Women of childbearing age are affected by PMS, and it may impact their quality of life. Various factors related to the biology of menstruation, hormones, and lifestyle are associated with PMS.PurposeTo explore the incidence and severity of PMS among students in India and its correlation with nutrient intake, adiposity, and lifestyle factors.MethodsA semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on menstrual pattern, nutrient intake, dietary habits, and physical activity. Moose’s Menstrual Distress Questionnaire and Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool were employed for the identification and classification of PMS. Anthropometric indices included height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and four-site skinfold thickness—tricep, bicep, subscapular, and suprailiac.ResultsOf the 330 participants, 71.3% reported to have experienced at least one symptom of PMS. Furthermore, 46.9% had mild PMS, 31.5% had moderate PMS, 8.3% had strong PMS, and 13.3% had no symptoms. Anxiety and irritability were the most observed symptoms. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the participants was within the normal range (21.76 ± 4.81 kg/m2); however, body fat percentage was above the normal range (33.95% ± 4.89%). PMS severity was significantly correlated with body fat percentage and BMI. Nutrient intake was significantly lower than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), but dietary fat consumption was higher than the RDA. Protein intake was higher in participants with mild PMS than those with moderate and severe PMS (p<0.05). An inverse association between oilseed consumption and PMS was observed.ConclusionPMS was associated with anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake, and dietary preference. PMS showed correlation with the intake of calorie-rich foods, sweets, and fried salted snacks, whereas consumption of oilseeds alleviated its incidence.

INFLUENCE OF PRE MENSTRUAL SYNDROME ON AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS OF HEART IN YOUNG ADULT FEMALES – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the role of autonomic activity by heart rate variability (HRV) during different phases of menstrual cycle in subject with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in SRM medical college hospital and research center for 6 months (November 2017 to April 2018). Sixty young female subjects with regular menstrual history aged between 18 and 25 years of age were recruited in this study after obtaining ethical committee clearance. The subjects were categorized into mild and moderate PMS according to Premenstrual Syndrome Scale. This study includes 30 subjects in each category. HRV was done by Physiopac, the “Medicaid” system during the various phases of the menstrual cycle. Statistical analysis was done by t-test (paired and independent sample test). Results: The mean heart rate (&lt;0.005), low frequency (LF) power normalized unit (n.u) (&lt;0.001), and LF high frequency (HF) ratio (&lt;0.001) were significantly increased in the luteal phase whereas the mean RR interval (&lt;0.008), standard deviation of normal to the normal (&lt;0.05), RMSSD (&lt;0.037), HF power n.u (0.054), and total power (&lt;0.055) were significantly reduced in the luteal phase of moderate PMS when compared to the luteal phase of mild PMS. Conclusion: Disturbances in the balance of autonomic function in the late luteal phase might be responsible for the psychological and somatic changes in women with PMS.

A study of prevalence and psychological correlates of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Background: The premenstrual period is a vulnerable phase for prevalence of bodily and psychological signs and symptoms named the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). There is a paucity of Indian work in this area. Aim: The aim was to study the prevalence and psychological correlates of PMS and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital after obtaining the institute ethics committee clearance. Written informed consent was obtained from participants. By purposive sampling, 587 females from urban areas of Pimpri and Alandi were interviewed and subjected to the sociodemographic pro forma and the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool, Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. From this sample, 140 subjects meeting diagnostic criteria of PMS or PMDD were included in the study group. An equal number of age-matched healthy controls with no known psychiatric disorders after clinical interview were included in the control group. All the questionnaires were scored as per the test manuals. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS. Results: It was observed that 63.57% of the total cases are moderate PMS, 30.71% are severe PMS, and 5.71% are PMDD. Overall, the more common type of dysmenorrhea was the spasmodic type, but among the PMS/PMDD cases, the more common type of dysmenorrhea was the congestive type. There is significantly higher stress, anxiety, and depression and poorer sleep quality in the cases of PMS and PMDD as compared to the controls. Stress, anxiety, and depression have a significant positive correlation with poor sleep quality. Conclusions: The prevalence of PMS was 22.49% and that of PMDD was 1.36%. Congestive kind of dysmenorrhea was more frequently seen in cases of PMS. There is significantly higher stress, anxiety, depression, and disturbed sleep in females suffering from PMS and PMDD as compared to the controls.

Impact of Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms on Sport Routines in Nonelite Athlete Participants of Summer Olympic Sports.

Most women during their lifetime experience a combination of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms (eg,menstrual cramps) before and often to the end of menstruation. However, the impact of these symptoms on sport routines (eg,performance, training absence) during phases around menstruation is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the impact of PMS symptoms on sport routines among nonelite athletes over 3 phases related to menstruation. An online questionnaire was developed to recruit nonelite female athletes who participate in summer Olympic sports. Participants were allocated into 2 groups: those who experienced mild to moderate PMS symptoms (no-PMS) and those with severe PMS symptoms (p-PMS). Two hundred thirty-four responses from eumenorrheic women (p-PMS = 78%) were considered valid. An unpaired Student t test was conducted to compare demographic characteristics between groups and chi-square test to evaluate the impact of PMS status on sport routines between groups. A significant (P < .05) proportion of women in the p-PMS group changed their training schedule because of menstrual (55%) and premenstrual (61%) symptoms compared with the no-PMS group. Overall, all participants indicated that training (P = .01) and competitive (P < .01) performance are impacted during menstruation, followed by a greater impact (P < .05) in the p-PMS group before menstruation. The presence of PMS symptoms reduces training and competitive performance, primarily during and before menstruation, respectively. Severity of PMS symptoms was significantly associated with alterations in training schedule but not with competitive schedule.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN ZAT GIZI DENGAN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME PADA MAHASISWA AKADEMI KEBIDANAN MUHAMMADIYAH MADIUN

Premenstrual Syndrome pada remaja masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Beberapa saat sebelum menstruasi, sejumlah wanita mengalami rasa tidak nyaman yang biasa disebut dengan Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). Salah satu penyebab PMS adalah kurangnya asupan zat gizi. Untuk mengurangi terjadinya Premenstrual Syndrome adalah berolah raga, mengurangi kafein, nikotin, alkohol, gula, garam, istirahat cukup, memperhatikan gizi dan nutrisi. Dalam hal ini asupan zat gizi pada remaja adalah sesuatu yang penting dan diharapkan mampu menangani masalah Premenstrual Syndrome ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan zat gizi dengan Premenstrual Syndrome pada mahasiswa Kebidanan Muhammadiyah Madiun. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini mahasiswa yang kuliah di Kebidanan Muhammadiyah Madiun yang berjumlah 156 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian mahasiswa akademi kebidanan muhammadiyah madiun yang berjumlah 112, diambil secara Purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu food recall dan kuesioner, hasilnya dianalisa menggunakan uji Spearman Rank dengan taraf signifikasi α=0,05. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa hampir seluruhnya yaitu 104 orang (92,9%) mengalami Premenstrual Syndrome sedang. Sedangkan responden yang mempunyai status gizi sedang yaitu sebanyak 53 orang (47,3%). Dari uji Spearman Rank didapatkan hasil ρ=0,002. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara status zat gizi dengan kejadian Premenstrual Syndrome pada remaja putri. Oleh karena itu, disarankan pada remaja putri untuk mempertahankan asupan gizi yang baik, sehingga dapat mencegah Premenstrual Syndrome.

Daytime sleepiness in relation to gender and premenstrual symptoms in a sample of Japanese college students

Daytime sleepiness is common in college students. In women, daytime sleepiness increases in the late-luteal phase compared with the follicular phase. In addition, women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), the severest form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), experience severer daytime sleepiness than healthy women do. To date, daytime sleepiness has not been compared between women with PMDD and those with moderate PMS, or between men and women. Hence, this study aims to explore daytime sleepiness in college students in correlation with gender and the severity of premenstrual symptoms. We enrolled 658 Japanese college students (383 females, 275 males; age: 18–27 years) and assessed PMS and PMDD using the PMDD scale. Using the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (JESS), we evaluated daytime sleepiness. Furthermore, women were asked about the severity of premenstrual daytime sleepiness. In this study, 47 (12.3%), 79 (20.6%), and 257 women (67.1%) were with PMDD, moderate-to-severe PMS (PMS), and no or mild PMS (no/mild PMS), respectively. The JESS score was markedly higher in women than that in men. The JESS score was highest in those with PMDD, followed by those with PMS, and lowest in those with no/mild PMS. Furthermore, women with no/mild PMS exhibited higher JESS score than men. This study suggests that daytime sleepiness is severer in women before menstruation than in men. Furthermore, the severity of daytime sleepiness in women correlates with the severity of premenstrual symptoms. Hence, daytime sleepiness should be cautioned in women with PMS/PMDD.

Regular Physical Activity, High Soy Dietary Intake and Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Symptoms in Young Adult Women: A Descriptive Study

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in adolescents group is one of the most common disorder in woman at reproductive age. It substantially reduces quality of life for many women of reproductive age, with pharmaceutical treatments having limited efficacy and substantial side effects. A health lifestyle e.g. regular physical activity and high soy dietary intakes has been recommended as a method of reducing PMS symptoms. This study aims to describe the physical activity and high soy dietary intake and PMS symptoms in female students of Vocational High School 10 Surabaya. This study was designed to describe the activity level were recalled in 7x24 hour, soy dietary intake, and severity of PMS symptoms in female students that was administrated by structured questionnaires. The result showed that of all participants (n=59) were defined as having light physical activity level (88.1%), moderate level of soy dietary intake (17.22-28.38 portions per month), and mild degree of PMS symptoms (71.2%). Based on crosstabulation showed that respondences who had light physical activity experienced moderate PMS degree (8.6%), and who had high soy dietary intake experienced moderate PMS degree (8.5%). This recommendation is based on relatively little evidence, and the relationship between physical activity, soy dietary intake, and premenstrual syndrome symptoms remains unclear.

Effect of sleep quality on cognition and psychomotor skill in women with premenstrual syndrome

Background: Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) suffer from insomnia and sleep deprivation thereby reporting difficulties pertaining to cognitive and psychomotor skill performance. Reaction time (RT) being a simple objective tool was used to measure their performance in our study. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was (1) to determine the sleep quality and cognition, psychomotor skill in women with and without PMS and (2) to assess the correlation between sleep quality and cognition, psychomotor skill in women with different grades of PMS. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 female nursing students aged 18–20 years. Sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire and the RT (visual and auditory) was assessed using PC1000Hz RT. The parameters were then compared in different grades of PMS, which was assessed using Moos questionnaire. Results: Among the 60 females, 20 each belonged to moderate, mild, and absent PMS (control) category. Analysis of variance was used to compare the sleep score, ISI, and RT in different severity of PMS. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups with a P value of 0.001 each. This suggests that sleep score ISI and RT were higher in moderate PMS when compared to mild and control group. Conclusion: As the severity of PMS increased, the RT also increased, implying poor cognition and psychomotor skill. Furthermore, individuals with increased severity of PMS reported a poor quality of sleep and insomnia which could be the probable reason for poor RT. Thus, education on enhancing the sleep quality may improve the quality of life in PMS.

Asupan mikronutrien sebagai faktor risiko kejadian sindrom pramenstruasi pada wanita vegetarian

Background : Inadequate of vitamin B6, magnesium, zinc, and calcium intake and a lower body mass index can lead to Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in vegetarian woman. The objective of this study was to determine the association between micronutrients intake, nutritional status and PMS among vegetarian women.Objectives : The objective of this study was to determine the association between micronutrients intake, nutritional status and PMS among vegetarian women.Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted to 44 vegetarians women.Subjects of this study were collected consecutively. Dietary intake were measured by Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ). Score of PMS were measured by Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form (sPAF).Physical activity were measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Score of stress level were measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (PSS-10). Data were analyzed by Chi Square test and ratio prevalence to determine the risk factor.Results : There were 54.55% of subject have a moderate PMS level. There were a correlation between vitamin B6 and PMS (p=0.019;RP=2.96;95%CI=0.9-10), magnesium and PMS (p=0.033;RP=3.8;95%CI=0.6-23), zinc and PMS (p=0.002;RP=6.17;95%CI=0.9-39), physical activity and PMS (p=0.033;RP=3.79;95%CI=0.6-23), stress level and PMS(p=0.045;RP=0.39;95%CI=0.1-1.3). There were no correlation between calcium intake and PMS (p=0.211;RP=1.816;95%;CI=0.569-5.794), BMI and PMS (p=0.355;RP=0.753;95 %; CI=1.443).Conclusion : Intake of vitamin B6, magnesium and zinc, physical activity and stress level were correlated to PMS. Calcium intake and BMI were not correlated to PMS.

Premenstrual syndrome in university students: its correlation with their attitudes toward gender roles

Introduction: Psychosocial factors causing premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are closely correlated with gender. Thus, this study’s aim was to identify correlations between gender role attitudes (GRA) and PMS status of university students.Methods: The participants of this descriptive study were 1515 female students from 13 departments of Hacettepe University using stratified sampling method. Data were collected between February and May 2014 using a semi-structured questionnaire, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and the Gender Roles Attitude Scale (GRAS). Correlations between PMSS and GRAS scores were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The difference between PMSS and GRAS scores in terms of sociodemographic characteristics was analyzed using the t-test and one-way analysis of variance.Results: The mean total PMSS score was 117.96 ± 34.41, indicating moderate PMS levels. The total mean GRAS score was 162.71 ± 17.50, indicating an egalitarian GRA. As the gender roles in marriage of the participants became traditional, depressive thoughts and swelling became more common (rs= −0.620, p < .05; rs= −0.560, p < .05). The educational level of the mothers and perceived economic status were sociodemographic factors affecting both GRA and PMS.Discussion: GRA and sociodemographic characteristics should be considered in healthcare services for PMS.

Study of psychological predictors and sleep quality in different grades of premenstrual syndrome

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a recurrent, cluster of symptoms and signs that develop during the 10 days before the onset of menses and subside with the onset of menstruation. It is known to affect the women’s interpersonal relationships, social interactions, academic performance, sleep, emotional, and also physical well-being. Aims and Objective: This study aims to determine the psychological predictors and sleep quality in different grades of PMS. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 female nursing students, and psychological predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using depression anxiety stress scale questionnaire and also, the sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh sleep quality index and insomnia severity index (ISI). The above parameters were compared in different grades of PMS. The PMS was graded using moos questionnaire. Results: Among the 100 females, 50 belonged to mild grading, 50 belonged to moderate grading, and none of them had severe grading of PMS. On comparison of psychological predictors, the depression, anxiety, and stress scales were found be significantly elevated in moderate category when compared to mild with P = 0.03, 0.045, and 0.042, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the sleep quality index showed poor quality of sleep in moderate category when compared to mild which was statistically significant with P = 0.027. However, the ISI score was high in moderate PMS when compared to mild, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The intensity of PMS is associated with elevation of depression, anxiety, stress, and poor quality of sleep. Determining the methods of coping with PMS and strengthening the young girls on this subject may enhance their quality of future life.

Assessment of premenstrual syndrome among reproductive aged Myanmar women

Background: Almost all women experience at least mild degree of one or more premenstrual symptoms during the days before menstruation. Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) experience a pattern of severe premenstrual symptoms month after month and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the extreme, predominantly psychological end of the PMS spectrum. These symptoms hinder some aspect of their family as well as social lives and also interfere their activities at work.Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PMS among reproductive aged Myanmar women from medical field and to investigate the frequency and severity of symptoms experience by the women with PMS.Materials and Methods: All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire derived from Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences (COPE) for two consecutive menstrual cycle to diagnose PMS and PMDD. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 400 reproductive aged women (between 15 - 45 years) among the medical students, doctors and nurses.Results: Out of 400 subjects, 149 women (37.3%) met DSM-IV criteria for PMS and 251 women (62.7%) did not have PMS. Among PMS women, 81 women (54.4%) had PMDD. The most frequent PMS symptoms were poor concentration (88.6%), irritability (87.3%), ache and pain (81.9%), increased appetite (79.2%) and breast swelling (75.8%). The most frequent symptom in mild and moderate PMS is physical symptom (ache and pain) and that in PMDD was psychological symptom (poor concentration).Conclusion: The prevalence of PMS with high PMDD proportion was found in reproductive aged Myanmar women from medical field.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 39-43

The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Depression and Anxiety in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome.

Objective. Little research has been done regarding the role of psychotherapy in the treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on the PMS symptoms and depression and anxiety symptoms in women with PMS. Design. In a randomized controlled trial, a total of 60 students at Mazandaran University with mild to moderate PMS who had depressive symptoms (Beck depression scores 16–47) were randomly allocated to either an experimental (n = 30) or a control (n = 30) group. The experimental group received MBCT in eight group sessions (120 min each) over 8 weeks. The control group received no intervention. All participants completed the Premenstrual Assessment Scale (PAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) at the beginning and the end of the study. Repeated-measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results. At the end of study, the experimental and control groups showed the following scores, respectively (mean ± SD): depression, 15.73 ± 6.99 and 25.36 ± 7.14; anxiety, 16.96 ± 7.78 and 26.60 ± 9.38; and total PAS, 42.86 ± 8.02 and 58.93 ± 8.47. MBCT improved depression and anxiety symptoms and total PAS score. Conclusion. MBCT intervention is acceptable and potentially beneficial in women with PMS symptoms. Psychotherapy should be considered as a treatment option for mild to moderate PMS in women with depressive symptoms.

Premenstrual syndrome and attitudes toward menstruation in a sample of nursing students

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate baccalaureate nursing students’ attitudes toward menstruation, and to analyze the frequency of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms, as well as the relationship between attitudes toward menstruation and PMS symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between February 15 and March 10, 2009, in Ankara Turkey. The study participants were 250 undergraduate nursing student volunteers. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the validated Turkish version of the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ), and the validated Turkish Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Scale. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 15.0. Findings: The average age of participants was 19.89 ± 1.43. The MAQ’s five subscales’ mean scores ranged from 2.67 ± 0.58 to 3.37 ± 0.52, indicating natural to moderate attitudes toward menstruation. The mean PMS score was 114.86 ± 35.15, indicating moderate PMS symptoms. PMS symptoms were detected in 36.4% of the nursing students. Thirty one percent of the students reported having dysmenorrhoea during every menstrual cycle. Students who had PMS symptoms scored significantly higher on the debilitation subscale and scored significantly lower on the denial subscale of the MAQ (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this research showed that menstruation was considered to be a natural event by most of the nursing students. In addition, dysmenorrhea was found to be the most common menstrual problem and the rate of PMS was found lower than that found in previous researches conducted in Turkey.