Moderate Physical Fitness Research Articles

Factors associated with the Physical Fitness of Lactating Mothers in an Urban Area

An urban area is characterized by increased sedentary lifestyle (SL) and reduced physical fitness (PF) among various populations, including lactating mothers. Adequate physical fitness is essential for lactating mothers to support breastmilk production during the lactating period. This study used an observational method with a cross-sectional design that aims to analyze factors associated with physical fitness among lactating mothers in an urban area. This study included 61 lactating mothers selected through systematic random sampling in Magelang City. Physical fitness status was assessed by a six-minute walk test. Trained enumerators collected data using validated instruments for each variable. Data were analyzed using Chisquare and Fisher’s exact tests. The results showed that most subjects had moderate PF (68.3%), while only 34.9% engaged in vigorous physical activity. In addition, only 3.2% of subjects were well-hydrated, and a significant portion had inadequate calcium (76.2%) and iron (61.9%) intake. However, no significant correlation was found between physical activity, nutritional intake (total energy, calcium, and iron), hydration status, and physical fitness among the lactating mothers (p > 0.05). Therefore, future research should consider incorporating additional variables such as biochemistry and environmental factors.

Implementasi permainan tradisional lombok dalam meningkatkan kebugaran fisik

The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of traditional Lombok games in improving physical fitness in grade V elementary school students. This study used a quasi experimental design (pretest and posttest) research method, the research design used was a pre one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique in this study was simple random sampling. The number of samples used in this study were 33 fifth grade students with an age of 10 years. This research instrument uses TKJI before and after implementation. The results of the pretest physical fitness assessment average value of 12 with a physical fitness category of less, while the posttest average value of 17 with a moderate physical fitness category, the results of data analysis from the study showed the output of the independent samples test, obtained a value of Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 <0.05. So the traditional Lombok game for grade V students aged 10 years has significant implementation benefits. Based on these results, it is concluded that it can show the importance of the implementation of traditional Lombok games which can provide benefits to improve proper physical fitness in later life.

Six Minutes Walking Test as Assessment in Determining Fitness to Work After Spinal Tuberculosis Post Stabilization and Comprehensive Rehabilitation: A Case Report

Introduction: Spinal tuberculosis is the most common extrapulmonary skeletal form of tuberculosis that can lead to neuromuscular deficit. Neuromuscular deficit may include paraplegia in both legs, inability to perform daily activities, and an increased risk of loss of occupation. Case Presentation: A 37-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of weakness in both legs and was unable to stand properly unassisted. This patient was diagnosed with spinal tuberculosis, confirmed by MRI. The rehabilitation program was designed for 6 months, focusing on the preservation of cardiorespiratory endurance and planning a return to work. Evaluation of physical fitness and working ability was carried out using the 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT) and Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaires to determine whether the patient was fit to work. Six months after the rehabilitation program, the patient showed moderate physical fitness and a WAI score of 37 indicating fitness to work. Conclusion: Complications of spinal tuberculosis can cause disability in daily activities and result in loss of occupation. In this case, after six months of a comprehensive rehabilitation program and evaluation of fitness capacity, the patient can return to work but still needs more support of his work ability than before the illness.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi dan Asupan Zat Gizi Makro dengan Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani Atlet Sepak Bola di SSB Ganesha Putra FC Purwodadi

Football athletes need good physical fitness. Fulfillment of macronutrient intake and knowledge of nutrients is important to consider in helping to increase the level of physical fitness of athletes. The study used a cross sectional design with a sample of 39 athletes. Macronutrient intake was obtained from the 3x24 hour recall intake interview, nutrition knowledge data was obtained from filling out the questionnaire questions, physical fitness data was obtained from the VO2 max test, the Multistage Fitness Test. Data analysis used Bivariate Gamma test analysis in the Statistical Package for the Social Science program. The majority of carbohydrate intake is less (56.4%), adequate protein intake (51.3%), low fat intake (48.7%), moderate nutritional knowledge (51.3%) and moderate physical fitness (53.8%). Then the Bivariate test analysis showed that carbohydrate intake (p = 0.024) had a relationship with physical fitness level because the p value 0.05, while protein intake (p = 0.084), fat intake (p = 0.072), and nutritional knowledge (p = 0.072). 0.107) has no relationship with the level of physical fitness. Carbohydrate intake can affect the level of physical fitness of athletes, so it is necessary to provide adequate intake of other nutrients to improve athlete fitness.

The Correlation between Nutritional and Hydration Status with Physical Fitness in Young Soccer Athletes

Introduction: Soccer is a sport that is required optimal physical fitness. Previous studies have shown that nutritional status and hydration status affect the physical fitness of athletes. Malnutrition will affect physical fitness to be low while dehydration can increase fatigue in athletes and affect performance. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between nutritional status and hydration status with physical fitness in young soccer athletes.Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study conducted on young soccer athletes from the Indonesian Football Association in Subang Regency (Persikas Subang). Subjects total of 28 people met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistics were tested by using the Spearman correlation for the bivariate test.Results: Most of the subjects (85.7%) were in the normal nutritional status category, 64.3% in the mild dehydration, and 71.4% in the moderate physical fitness. There was a significant correlation between nutritional status and physical fitness (P0.05), but there was no significant correlation to hydration status. The results of the study concluded that nutritional status had a significant relationship with physical fitness.Discussions: This suggested that young soccer players could be aware of their nutritional status and fluid intake.

An investigation to the Physical Activity of Amateur Athletes during the Covid-19 Quarantine

Background. Given the current prevalence of COVID-19, the World Health Organization has ordered the implementation of health protocols and social distancing, as well as home quarantine as a way to control and manage the disease. Athletes' physical activity has been affected due to quarantine conditions, so this research was done to evaluate the physical activity of amateur athletes of Tehran National Gas Company in an attempt to provide a solution to maintain physical fitness. Methods.This study was a descriptive-survey research and the data collection tool utilized in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 15 questions. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked by experts and provided online questionnaire by the google form software and was available to individuals. The variables examined in the questionnaire were: current status of athletes 'physical fitness, relationship with the coach, place of residence, physical activity at home, athletes' feelings, training programs, level of family support for Athletes' sports activity, number and duration of training sessions, training intensity, and diet. The statistical population of this study was 100 people. The sample size was determined based on Morgan table, and 70 people were finally selected through easy sampling method and entered the study. Results. The results showed that most athletes were in the age range of 51-60 years. Most of the participants were active in the field of mountaineering. The majority of participants in the study had moderate physical fitness compared to the pre-quarantine period. Conclusion. According to the findings of this study, most athletes in this study had a moderate level of physical fitness. The study suggests that we increase the intensity of physical activities under supervision of coaches to maintain the fitness and increase the health and immunity.

THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS OF GIRLS 11-15 YEARS OLD WITH POSTURAL DISORDERS ON THE FORMATION OF MOVEMENT CULTURE

The article examines the peculiarities of the level of physical fitness of girls aged 11-15 who have postural disorders. A comparative characterization of the indicators of motor readiness of girls with and without postural disorders was also carried out. The influence of motor activity on the formation of correct posture and improvement of physical health was studied. The content of the concept of "posture disorders" was analyzed and it was established that posture is an important comprehensive indicator of the state of health and harmonious physical development of each person. And the correct posture ensures an optimal position and normal activity of internal organs, creating the best conditions for the activity of the entire body. It was determined that the physical fitness indicators of girls with postural disorders are significantly lower than those of their peers without postural disorders. The main reasons that contribute to the development of hypodynamism among schoolchildren, which negatively affects their posture, have been clarified. A reliable difference was established between the level of physical fitness of elementary school students with different posture development. It is emphasized that options for solving this problem are possible due to the intensive use of all means of physical culture. It was concluded that the majority of elementary school students have a sedentary lifestyle, which negatively affects their psycho-emotional and somatic state, and as a result, low and moderate physical fitness is observed. Therefore, this problem requires the search for new ways and methods of prevention and elimination of damaged locomotor apparatus during the child's development, taking into account their physical fitness, mortality, anthropometric, psychological and individual characteristics.
 Keywords: physical education, schoolgirls, primary school, posture disorders, physical fitness.

The fitness of middle age to the elderly based on body mass index and age in the new normal era

Decrease in physical fitness occurs after the age of 30 years and factors that affect physical fitness include age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the physical fitness of middle-aged to elderly people between 45-74 years based on BMI and age. This research is a descriptive study with quantitative methods. The sample of this research is men who are active in badminton activities in Rejang Lebong Regency, which are classified as middle age to elderly people who are taken by purposive sampling. The data collection technique used the BMI test and fitness test. The results show that 1) The average BMI value in middle age to the elderly is 25.47 kg / m2, in the category of light fat. The average value of physical fitness in middle age to the elderly is 33.39, with a very poor category. 2) 26.3% of people have normal nutritional status, 50% of people have mild nutritional status and 23.7% of people have severe nutritional status. 3) 84.2% of people have very poor fitness category, 10.5% of people have poor physical fitness category and 5.3% of people have moderate physical fitness category. So it can be concluded that middle-aged to elderly people with high BMI have less physical fitness and the more middle-aged to elderly people have less physical fitness.

Muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with health-related quality of life among young adult men

BackgroundDespite numerous studies providing evidence for positive effects of physical activity and physical fitness, evidence for association between physical fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in young adults is limited. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate the association of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness with HRQoL from the perspective of its physical and mental components among young adult Finnish males.MethodsThe sample consisted of 754 men, with the mean age of 26 years (SD 6.7 years), who participated in the military refresher training. HRQoL was measured using the Finnish RAND 36-item health survey. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a bicycle ergometer test, and muscular fitness by various tests measuring maximal strength and muscular endurance. Logistic regression modelling was used to compare low, moderate and high physical and mental component of HRQoL scores to the respective levels of muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness.ResultsThe findings of the adjusted (age, educational level, marital status, employment status, smoking, use of alcohol and BMI) analysis showed that cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness are positively associated with both physical and mental components of HRQoL. In terms of the physical component of HRQoL, even a moderate fitness level was positively associated with better HRQoL. In terms of the mental component of HRQoL, the impact was seen only in the group with the highest fitness level.ConclusionsThe findings suggest a positive contribution of physical fitness to mental health and highlight the importance of both muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness in the promotion of HRQoL. Even lighter forms of physical activity that result in moderate physical fitness could contribute to the physical component of HRQoL. In terms of the mental component of HRQoL, higher levels of physical fitness may be needed to gain higher levels of HRQoL among young males.

Moderate levels of physical fitness maintain telomere length in non-senescent T CD8+ cells of aged men

OBJECTIVES:Immunosenescence is an age-associated change characterized by a decreased immune response. Although physical activity has been described as fundamental for maintaining the quality of life, few studies have evaluated the effects of different levels of exercise on telomere length in aged populations. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of different levels of physical activity, classified by the Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) values, on the telomere length of memory Cluster of differentiation (CD) CD4+(CD45ROneg and CD45RO+), effector CD8+CD28neg, and CD8+CD28+ T cells in aged individuals.METHODS:Fifty-three healthy elderly men (aged 65-85 years) were included in this study. Their fitness level was classified according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) for VO2 max (mL/kg/min). Blood samples were obtained from all participants to analyze the percentage of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD28+, naïve, and subpopulations of memory T cells by using flow cytometry. Furthermore, using the Flow-FISH methodology, the CD4+CD45RO+, CD4+CD45ROneg, CD8+CD28+, and CD8+CD28negT cell telomere lengths were measured.RESULTS:There was a greater proportion of effector memory T CD4+ cells and longer telomeres in CD8+CD28+ T cells in the moderate physical fitness group than in the other groups. There was a higher proportion of terminally differentiated memory effector T cells in the low physical fitness group.CONCLUSION:A moderate physical activity may positively influence the telomere shortening of CD28+CD8+T cells. However, additional studies are necessary to evaluate the importance of this finding with regard to immune function responses in older men.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОЇ РУХОВОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

У зв’язку із постійним науково-технічним розвитком суспільства виникає недостатність рухової активності у студентів закладів вищої освіти, яка у більшості випадків є причиною виникнення різних захворювань.
 У статті аналізується проблема організації рухової активності студентів педагогічних спеціальностей. Підкреслено, що рухова активність студентської молоді розглядається як невід'ємна частина життєдіяльності.
 Зазначено, що структура рухової активності багатогранна і індивідуалізована для кожної окремої людини. Охарактеризовано, як в умовах розумової зайнятості студенти організовують своє дозвілля.
 З’ясовано головні причини, які сприяють розвитку гіподинамії серед студентської молоді. Особливу роль у цій проблемі відіграє організація рухового режиму студентів педагогічних спеціальностей, навчання яких пов’язано з малою руховою активністю. Хронічний дефіцит рухової активності у режимі студентської молоді стає реальною загрозою її здоров’ю та нормальній фізичній працездатності.
 Підкреслено, що вирішення піднятої проблеми можливе за рахунок інтенсивного використання всіх засобів фізичної культури.
 Підсумовано, що більшість студентів педагогічних спеціальностей веде малорухливий спосіб життя, що впливає на їх психоемоційний і соматичний стан в результаті низької або помірної фізичної підготовки. Впровадження програм фізкультурно-оздоровчих занять, побудованих на стимулюванні мотивації до систематичних занять фізичними вправами, буде сприяти залученню студентів до рухової активності.

Nutritional Status and Physical Fitness of Full Day Elementary School Students

Nutritional status can be measured through the adequacy of nutrients obtained from food which are digested every day. The increasing number of healthy food absorbed by the body can increase the physical fitness of the body. The purpose of this research was to do counseling in order to understand the nutritional status and physical fitness level of fifth grade student at Tunas Harapan Islamic Elementary School in Sendangmulyo, Tembalang, Semarang. The physical fitness level was measured using nutritional status and physical fitness test (TKJI). The data were obtained using descriptive method with measurement and test techniques. These data were obtained from measurement of height, weight, age, and physical fitness tests (TKJI). This study found that the nutritional status of fifth grade students in Tunas Harapan Islamic Elementary School were included in normal nutrition category and moderate physical fitness level.

The effect of selected lifestyle factors and diet on mortality of men with documented physical fitness in the city of Łódź

It is still uncertain if having at least moderate physical fitness is a necessary and sufficient condition for lowering the risk of death. The aforementioned statement constituted the basis for undertaking the study concerning the effect of particular health-related behaviours on the likelihood of survival in subjects with a moderate and high physical fitness. The study sample, i.e. 204 men aged 30-59 years living in Łódź, Poland, was selected within the CINDI WHO Programme and examined over the years 1980-1990 and 2003-2004. In each subject approximate values of one week energy expenditures associated with performing physical exercise of at least moderate intensity (> 1000 kcal/week) were estimated. Physical efficiency in the study group was evaluated basing on the results of the submaximal effort test. Information about selected socio-demographic characteristics, consumption of alcohol, cigarette smoking and diet was gathered. The vital status of the examined sample was checked in 2009. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify factors which influence the survival of examined population. The probability of death was more than fourfold higher in the case of individuals who eat "beef or pork meat", as compared to those who consumed these products rarely or never. On the other hand, the subjects who declared regular consumption of yellow cheese had nearly fourfold lower death probability. Current smoking was found to be a significant negative risk factor while moderate consumption of beer a protective one. The level of physical fitness (VO2max) did not significantly influence mortality. The results of the performed analyses indicate negative effect associated with consumption of beef/pork meat and smoking. Furthermore, the data pertaining to the consumption of yellow cheese as a potent protective factor for men's health requires further verification. The possibility that it is some lifestyle proxy rather than a causal factor cannot be excluded.

Screening obesity by direct and derived anthropometric indices with evaluation of physical efficiency among female college students of kolkata.

Background:The available information regarding the obesity pattern of the undergraduate female students of Kolkata is inadequate, though there are several reports which indicate the complications and/or awful consequences of obesity on female health particularly, during the reproductive years.Aim:The present investigation has thus been carried out to report their present physiological status along with the prevalence of obesity, based on their body mass index (BMI), some direct and derived anthropometric indices, and physical fitness.Subjects and Methods:This small-scale cross-sectional study conducted in randomly selected 100 female students of different colleges of Kolkata with the age of 18-22 [mean age 20.4 (2.3)] years. Measurements of body composition included total 24 variables, with thirteen direct and eleven derived anthropometric variables; while physical efficiency parameters were physical fitness index, VO2max, energy expenditure and anaerobic power. The data of the experimental group were compared with those of the control group by t-test, using SPSS v.15.0 and MS-Excel v.2013.Results:Analysis of collected data showed majority of the students have normal range of BMI (67.95%), but, 21.95% of students found to be overweight and 3.84% are obese. They also showed higher fat mass [14.40 (4.11)], but, lower waist-to-hip ratio and conicity index. They were found to have poor to moderate physical fitness [57.60 (3.90)] and higher energy expenditure [5.61 (0.72)].Conclusion:The findings of the present obesity screening reports almost one of four female students (24 out of 100 participants) are overweight/obese, indicated higher body fat distribution and increased propensity of being obese with age. Thus, the overall data along with their low physical fitness points out to health risks among female undergraduates of Kolkata.

Physical Fitness and Telomere Length in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: Findings from the Heart and Soul Study

BackgroundShort telomere length (TL) is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the relationship between physical fitness and TL has not been explored in these patients.MethodsIn a cross sectional study of 944 outpatients with stable CHD, we performed exercise treadmill testing, assessed self-reported physical activity, and measured leukocyte TL using a quantitative PCR assay. We used generalized linear models to calculate mean TL (T/S ratio), and logistic regression models to compare the proportion of patients with short TL (defined as the lowest quartile), among participants with low, medium and high physical fitness, based on metabolic equivalent tasks achieved (METs).Results229 participants had low physical fitness (<5 METS), 334 had moderate physical fitness (5–7 METS), and 381 had high physical fitness (>7 METS). Mean ± T/S ratio ranged from 0.86±0.21 (5349±3781 base pairs) in those with low physical fitness to 0.95±0.23 (5566±3829 base pairs) in those with high physical fitness (p<.001). This association remained strong after adjustment for numerous patient characteristics, including measures of cardiac disease severity and physical inactivity (p = 0.005). Compared with participants with high physical fitness, those with low physical fitness had 2-fold greater odds of having TL in the lowest quartile (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.60–3.55; p<.001). This association was similar after multivariable adjustment (OR 1.94, 95%CI, 1.18–3.20; p = 0.009). Self-reported physical inactivity was associated with shorter TL in unadjusted analyses, but not after multivariable adjustment.ConclusionsWe found that worse objectively-assessed physical fitness is associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length in patients with CHD. The clinical implications of this association deserve further study.

Relationship between aerobic physical fitness and ventilatory control during exercise in young swimmers

The aim of this study was to specify in young trained swimmers, during progressive exercise, whether different aerobic physical fitness goes along with differences in breathing pattern and in mouth occlusion pressure used as a non-invasive index of neuromuscular output. Ten children (aged 10.5–16 years) with high V̇O2max(57.6 ± 3.6 ml·min−1·kg−1) and ten children (aged 11–17 years) with moderate V̇O2max (44 ± 3.8 ml·min−1·kg−1) realized a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. During the last minute of each power level we measured the following parameters: V̇O2, V̇CO2, V̇EBW, f, VυBW/T1, T1/Ttot, as well as mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) and ‘effective impedance’ of the respiratory system (P0.1/VυBW/T1). Our results showed that at a same V̇CO2, children with high V̇O2max had significantly lower P0.1, P0.1/VυBW /T1 and f than children with moderate V̇O2max and same VeBW and VυBW/T1. At different levels of V̇CO2, in the twenty children of the two groups, we have found significant correlations between V̇O2 max of each subject and P0.1 (P<0.01), P0.1/VυBW/T1 (P<0.001). At a same V̇O2, children with a higher V̇O2max showed significantly lower P0.1, P0.1/VυBW/T1 at all levels of V̇O2 and lower VeBW and VυBW and VυBW/T1 at high level of V̇O2. At a same V̇e, the two groups of children showed the same values of Vυ/T1 and f. In conclusion this study shows first, that different aerobic physical fitness does not go along with different breathing pattern, and second, that swimmers with high physical fitness have a lower ventilatory response to exercise but a higher ventilatory and neuromuscular efficiency during exercise than children with moderate physical fitness.