Moderate Activity Levels Research Articles

EMG-assessed paratonia: A novel approach to investigating motor response inhibition in healthy subjects.

Paratonia is an involuntary muscle activity that occurs during passive joint mobilization and is common in people with dementia. It includes oppositional paratonia, in which muscle activity resists passive movement, and facilitatory paratonia, in which it assists movement. This phenomenon reflects a defect in motor response inhibition. In a recently published paper, we demonstrated that paratonia can be detected using surface electromyography (EMG) not only in patients with dementia but also in healthy individuals, the majority of whom do not exhibit clinically observable paratonia. This finding suggests that EMG-assessed paratonia may provide a novel approach to studying motor response inhibition in healthy subjects. The present study investigates this possibility for the first time. We recruited 120 healthy subjects under the age of 30, divided equally into three groups: sedentary, amateur, and professional athletes with low, moderate, and high levels of physical activity, respectively. Paratonia was assessed in the triceps and biceps brachii muscles during passive forearm movements performed manually. The results indicate that paratonia is more pronounced during fast and continuous passive movements, with facilitatory paratonia being more prevalent than oppositional paratonia. It is also more pronounced in the biceps than in the triceps. These findings, which mirror those previously observed in patients with dementia, suggest a similarity between paratonia in healthy subjects and those with cognitive impairment, supporting the hypothesis that paratonia in healthy individuals represents a form of impaired motor response inhibition. Furthermore, the comparison between groups showed that paratonia decreased with increasing physical activity, being least evident in athletes, more noticeable in amateurs, and most pronounced in sedentary individuals. This pattern confirms a key feature of motor response inhibition that has been shown in studies using traditional methods. Overall, our findings suggest that EMG-assessed paratonia provides a new method for studying motor response inhibition in healthy individuals.

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Vateria indica L. oleo-gum resin (white dammar) essential oil

White dammar is an oleo-gum resin obtained from Vateria indica L. (Dipterocarpaceae) and is known to possess diverse biological activities. This study examines the chemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of essential oil extracted from white dammar. The chemical constituents of essential oil were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionization detection (FID). A total of 18 compounds constituting 97.15% of the oil were identified, which consist of β-caryophyllene (36.32%), α-humulene (14.31%), β-humulene (9.73%), caryophyllene oxide (8.28%), allo-aromadendrene (5.63%) and junenol (5.1%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil obtained was measured by means of disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal/fungal concentrations (MBC/MFC). The highest antimicrobial activity was shown against Bacillus cereus (MIC/MBC = 31.2/62.5 μg/mL) and also Staphylococcus aureus (MIC/MBC = 62.5/125 μg/mL), whereas only a moderate level of activity was recorded against Salmonella typhi (MIC/MBC = 125/250 μg/mL), Vibrio cholerae, MRSA (MIC/MBC = 250/500 μg/mL) and Candida albicans (MIC/MFC = 125/250 μg/mL). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays; IC50 value, of 29.42 μg/mL and FRAP value, of 166.5 ± 2.2 μmol Fe2+/g indicated that the essential oil exhibited adequate antioxidant activity. These results substantiate the possible medicinal application of white dammar as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent.

Correlation between Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Endurance of the Employees in Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia

Background: Cardiovascular endurance refers to a person's ability to perform activities involving the entire body at moderate to high intensity over extended periods. Cardiovascular endurance is influenced by several factors, such as physical activity. Moderate to high-intensity physical activity trains the body to exchange oxygen more efficiently and results in enhancing cardiovascular endurance. Other factors that could contribute in cardiovascular endurance are smoking and Body Mass Index (BMI). Aims: To find the correlation between physical activity, BMI, smoking, and cardiovascular endurance among employees of Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia. Methods: It was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach that used the GPAQ physical activity questionnaire and cardiovascular endurance data that was obtained through the Harvard Step Test involving 77 educational staff employees at Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati. The analytical statistics used was Spearman’s correlation test with a significance value of p = <0.05. Results: Most of the Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati employee’s had moderate level of physical activity (44.2%) and very low cardiovascular endurance (37.7%). The analytical statistic showed a significant correlation between physical activity and cardiovascular endurance with a p-value of 0.034 and a Spearman's r of 0.242. Smoking has significant correlation with cardiovascular endurance with p value of 0.003 and Spearman’s r of 0.338. BMI showed negative and weak correlation with cardiovascular endurance with p value 0.008 and Spearman’s r -0.302. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between physical activity and cardiovascular endurance among the employees of Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia. Received: 25 September 2024 | Reviewed: 26 October 2024 | Revised: 17 November 2024 | Accepted: 30 November 2024.

“It Took Away the Trauma of Failing”: A Mixed Methods Feasibility Trial of an Open Goals Physical Activity Program

ABSTRACT Open goals (e.g. to “see how many steps you can reach today”) may be a promising strategy for promoting physical activity. The findings from initial studies, typically based on single sessions of exercise, showed that open goals can produce at least as much activity as specific goals (e.g. to reach 10,000 steps a day), while promoting more positive experiences and higher intentions to repeat the activity, especially among less active individuals. However, the feasibility of using open goals over a longer duration remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examined the feasibility of using open goals in a 10-week step-based physical activity program. A single-arm mixed methods design was used, involving 15 healthy adults (13 female; Mage = 42.53) with low to moderate physical activity levels. Participants were provided with a pedometer, diary, and open goals for each week, alongside brief support sessions. The feasibility domains assessed included recruitment, acceptability, adherence, and retention. Quantitative methods assessed physical activity, enjoyment, and self-efficacy, while supplementary qualitative methods explored participants’ perceptions of open goals. The study showed high recruitment and retention rates, increased physical activity, and positive psychological experiences, indicating the feasibility of the 10-week open-goal program. Secondary outcomes suggest that open goals may function by increasing enjoyment and self-efficacy while decreasing negative outcomes such as pressure, guilt, and failure. The findings indicate that using open goals in longer-term physical activity programs is feasible, expanding on the limitations of previous single-session designs, and offering recommendations for future trials.

Enabling crowdfunding platforms in Qatar: a regulatory framework for growth and sustainable innovation based on network analysis and Monte Carlo simulation

Purpose This study aims to explore the structure and dynamics of Qatar’s crowdfunding ecosystem to support economic diversification and enhance entrepreneurial activities. This research focuses on analyzing the development of the industry, its regulatory environment and the collaborative dynamics among stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach This study used network analysis and Monte Carlo simulations to examine the interplay between various stakeholders, including entrepreneurs, to understand their roles and interconnections. This study also simulated different economic scenarios to evaluate the potential impact of crowdfunding under various market conditions and regulatory frameworks. Findings The analysis reveals a moderate level of crowdfunding activity characterized by conservative fundraising outcomes. The key factors identified include the pivotal role of a supportive regulatory framework and the necessity of robust stakeholder collaboration and infrastructure to ensure the industry’s resilience and growth. Research limitations/implications The findings are constrained by the simulated scenarios and the current state of the crowdfunding market in Qatar, suggesting that further research could explore emerging trends as the market evolves. Practical implications This study provides actionable recommendations for policymakers and regulatory authorities to boost a conducive environment for crowdfunding platforms. This includes enhancing connectivity among stakeholders and building robust infrastructure to support industry growth. Social implications This study underlines the significant social benefits of crowdfunding, including promoting innovation, supporting economic growth and facilitating entrepreneurship. These elements are vital to Qatar’s broader economic diversification strategy. Originality/value This study provides original insights into the crowdfunding landscape in Qatar, particularly in terms of strategic planning and risk management, using advanced simulation techniques to predict the outcomes of different regulatory and economic scenarios.

Physical Activity as a Predictor of Internet Gaming Disorder in a Swiss Male Cohort (C-SURF): L'activité physique comme prédicteur des troubles liés aux jeux vidéo en ligne dans une cohorte de jeunes hommes suisses (C-SURF).

This study addresses the increasing global concerns surrounding Internet gaming disorder (IGD) by exploring their connection to physical activity (PA) as a potential preventive and early intervention measure. The research aims to examine the relationship between PA and the progression of IGD. Longitudinal data from the Cohort research on Substance Use Risk Factors involving young Swiss men undergoing army conscription was employed. PA levels were assessed using the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ), while the Game Addiction Scale (GAS) and Compulsive Internet Use Scale determined IGD presence. Analysis involved zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. Higher PA levels were associated with lower IGD risk. Notably, individuals engaging in high physical exercise exhibited a lower IGD prevalence compared to those with moderate or low activity levels. The study suggests that intensive physical exercise might serve as a preventive strategy against developing IGD. This protective effect could stem from various mechanisms. However, the study's limitations, such as a male-only sample and a small low-activity group, should be considered when interpreting results. The longitudinal study demonstrates the positive influence of intense physical exercise on mitigating gaming-related issues. These findings underscore the potential of PA interventions in addressing the growing problem of IGDs and their impact on health. Further research is necessary to uncover underlying mechanisms behind the PA-IGD relationship and validate these findings across diverse demographics.

The Efficacy of Telehealth Versus In-Person Management Delivery in Adult Patients with Obesity.

The effectiveness of telehealth in managing obesity in Saudi patients is still under investigation. This study compared the effectiveness of telehealth and in-person obesity management programs for adults. This clinical trial involved 62 adults, 29 receiving in-person intervention at the clinic and 33 receiving telehealth via videoconference calls. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and dietary and lifestyle habits were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Patients have been educated about goal-setting, healthy eating behaviors, personalized meal plans, and increasing physical activity levels. It showed that 45% and 49% of the in-person and telehealth groups lost more than 5% of their initial body weight. Weight, % body fat, and waist circumference were significantly reduced in the in-person and telehealth groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences between the groups were found in the parameters mentioned above. Within-group analysis showed that light physical activity levels improved in both groups significantly (p < 0.001), and the moderate physical activity level improved significantly among the telehealth group (p < 0.039). No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding physical activity level, blood pressure measurement, and biochemical markers, except for the RBC blood level (p = 0.026). The telehealth group had significantly higher attendance rates for counseling sessions (97% vs. 75% for the in-person group, p < 0.01). Participants' dropout rates were higher for the in-person group 21%, compared to the telehealth group 13%. Telehealth participants' satisfaction regarding the benefits of the obesity management program in losing weight was higher at 87% compared to the in-person group at 76%. In conclusion, applying a telehealth obesity management program can support patients struggling with obesity who may have limited access to traditional healthcare services, while ensuring that telehealth care replicates the quality of in-person care.

Differences in Walking Speed of SACH Foot And Single Axis Foot in Transtibial Prosthesis User

Background: Lower limb amputation causes disruption of limb function, one of which is the ability to walk. One of the walking aids that can be used is a transtibial prosthesis. A transtibial prosthesis consists of a socket, shank and foot components. The choice of foot type and the use of a transtibial prosthesis is one of the factors that influence walking speed. SACH foot and single axis foot are the types of foot that are often used by prosthesis users Aims: To determine the difference in walking speed of SACH Foot and Single Axis Foot in transtibial prosthesis users. Method and Subjects: Using quantitative research, observational method with cross sectional design. The subjects of this research were users of transtibial prosthesis type SACH foot and single axis foot. The sample for this study consisted of 28 people. The measuring instruments used in this research are 10 MWT (Meter Walk Test). Results: Based on statistical tests, the results showed that there were differences in walking speed between SACH foot and single axis foot type transtibial prosthesis users. Where the p value &lt;0.05 is 0.000 with an effect size of 0.81, which means it has a high or strong difference effect. Conclusion: There is a difference in walking speed, namely the walking speed of users of single axis foot transtibial prosthesis is faster than SACH foot. So, it is recommended to prefer using a single axis foot in users of transtibial prosthesis, especially at moderate activity levels. The limitations of this research are that there are not many subjects and the foot types are less diverse. Future research can be developed with other types of foot prosthesis and measurement of gait parameters

Longitudinal Changes in Adolescents’ Sedentary, Light, Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity Levels

Background and purpose: In recent years, sedentary behaviour (SB) has become a significant risk factor for health, alongside the decline of physical activity (PA) in the population. This study explored adolescents’ PA and SB using a longitudinal design, from the age of 13 to 15, to elucidate any changes and when they potentially occur. Method: The data material from the accelerometer measurements was analysed using the program SPSS, version 28. Repeated measures ANOVA (and follow-up test with Bonferroni corrections) were used to assess changes in the four activity levels during the three years. Independent t-tests were used to examine gender differences in each year and at each activity level and to determine differences in activity level between participants with valid data for all three years and those with valid data only at 13 and/or 14 years of age. Results: Statistical analyses of the accelerometer measurements revealed a significant increase in time in the lowest activity level and a decrease in light, moderate and vigorous intensity PA levels during the three years. These changes were larger from 13 to 14, than from 14 to 15, years of age. However, no significant interaction was found between time and gender. Analyses also showed a significantly higher time spent in SB and lower time spent in moderate activity among girls compared to boys at 13, but not at the age of 14 and 15. Conclusions: The findings, which indicate a reduction in PA and increased sedentary time with increasing age, are discussed, which we argue are important to increase and solidify involvement in PA among adolescents. Emphasized here is the importance of communicating the diverse possibilities of movement and challenging understandings of what PA can be for youth.

Dose-response associations between physical activity and mental health among USA adolescents

Abstract Background Adolescent mental health is a critical public health concern. Physical activity has been shown to reduce risk of negative mental health outcomes. However, in adolescents little is known about the dose-response nature of this relationship. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the association between varying levels of self-reported physical activity and the odds of reporting depressive symptoms and poor mental health, among US high school students. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using data from the 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Physical activity exposure was assessed as students’ self-reported weekly frequency of ≥ 60min moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), as well as frequency of participation in muscle-strengthening activities, sports teams, and physical education (PE) classes. For the dose-response analysis three categories were created for each item. Depressive symptoms and poor mental health were measured using established survey items. Multivariate logistic regression risk models were used. Results A total of 8,015 high-school students were included. Depressive symptoms were reported by 43% of students, and 28% reported poor mental health. Moderate doses (1-4 days) of muscle-strengthening activities reduced the odds of depressive symptoms by 23% and the odds of poor mental health by 38% compared to low doses (0 days). Higher reductions were observed for higher doses (5-7 days). Similar results were observed for sports teams (1 vs 0 teams). Moderate doses (1-4 days) of MVPA ≥60min showed a significant reduction in the odds for poor mental health (38%) but not depressive symptoms compared to low doses (0 days). No effect was observed for any dose of PE attendance. Conclusions The findings suggest a dose-response pattern in the association between physical activity and mental health in adolescents. Any increase in physical activity levels among young adults would be valuable in preventing poor mental health. Key messages • A dose-response pattern was observed between self-reported mental health and physical activity exposure in adolescents. • Moderate levels of physical activity significantly reduced the risk of self-reported poor mental health among adolescents.

Exploring the relationship between occupational stress, physical activity and sedentary behavior using the Job-Demand-Control Model.

To study the relationship between the occupational stress model, specifically the Job Demand-Control Model of Karasek, physical activity level and sedentary behavior. This is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 100 volunteers working at Clermont Auvergne University. The questionnaire included the Karasek questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The results reveal that occupational characteristics play a significant role, with individuals exhibiting high job control showing reduced sitting time and increased physical activity compared to those with low job control. Job strain was associated with increased sitting time and decreased physical activity. Further analysis revealed that being in a state of job strain significantly predicted sitting for more than 7 h per day. Similarly, job strain and isostrain were explanatory factors for having a low to moderate physical activity level. Logistic regression quantified the risks, indicating that sitting for more than 7 h per day increased the risk of job strain by 4.80 times, while high physical activity levels and being male reduced the risk by 79 and 84%, respectively. Job strain also increased the risk of prolonged sitting by 5.06 times and low to moderate physical activity levels by 5.15 times. Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that a substantial portion of the association between sitting time and job strain was mediated by physical activity, and vice versa, emphasizing the interconnected nature of sedentary behavior and physical activity in influencing occupational stress. The study highlights the impact of sedentary behavior on occupational stress, assessed using Karasek's Job-Demand-Control Model. Despite being less studied, sedentary behavior appears to be a relevant contributor to occupational stress. Furthermore, the results emphasize the significant role of physical activity levels, suggesting that it plays a substantial part in the relationship between sedentary behavior and occupational stress.

Sex differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in the general population of Mongolia: A nationwide study.

The prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) between men and women in Mongolia were compared using secondary data from the STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance conducted in 2019. In total, 5,695 participants (2,577 males and 3,118 females) aged 18-69 years old were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of MetS was 37.4% in total and the prevalence was significantly higher in women (39.2%) than men (35.2%, P = 0.002). The most prevalent MetS components were abdominal obesity in women (74.2%) and high blood glucose levels in men (58.7%). All of the 2,128 participants who were categorized into MetS met the criteria of abdominal obesity. Factors associated with MetS included being 30-69 years old compared to 18-29 years old, low and moderate physical activity levels compared to high levels, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and a high body mass index (overweight and obesity) compared to a normal body mass index in both sexes. Additional factors included Buryat ethnicity compared to Khalkh ethnicity, living in Ulaanbaatar, no education compared to primary education, higher monthly income, and currently drinking in men; and smoking and sufficient fruit and vegetable intake in women. Significant differences were observed between men and women in terms of the prevalence of MetS, components of MetS, and factors associated with MetS. To reduce MetS prevalence in Mongolia, sex-specific programs should be designed to promote health behavior, such as reducing alcohol consumption in men and smoking in women.

Spatial and temporal partitioning between eastern gray and fox squirrels in a Central Hardwood forest

Abstract Congeneric fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) and eastern gray squirrels (S. carolinensis) compete for resources within North American temperate forests. Both species exhibit regional variation in morphology and behavior—potentially due to differences in geography, community composition, or ecological pressures between forested regions. While many have studied these species in other forested regions of the United States, recent assessments of partitioning between these species in Central Hardwood forests remain scarce. We investigated spatial and temporal partitioning between squirrel species using photographic captures from camera traps at 2 scales (i.e., camera location and camera cluster) across a 16,058-km2 region of southern Illinois, United States, during January to April 2008 to 2010. We fitted single-season single-species and co-occurrence occupancy models to assess spatial partitioning at both scales and used kernel density analysis to assess temporal partitioning. We recorded 3,044 photographic captures of focal species (n = 918 fox squirrels and 2,126 eastern gray squirrels). Fox Squirrel occupancy was 0.26 ± 0.09 (SE) and 0.50 ± 0.17 at the camera location and camera cluster scales, respectively. Eastern Gray Squirrel occupancy was 0.47 ± 0.07 and 0.84 ± 0.23 at the camera location and camera cluster scales, respectively. Fox Squirrel occupancy increased with further distances to roads and had scale-dependent relationships to forest structure. Eastern Gray Squirrel occupancy increased with more hardwood basal area. Co-occurrence was influenced by distance to road at the camera location scale. We found a moderate level of activity overlap between species (Δ = 0.63, CI = 0.60 to 0.67); however, no evidence of temporal partitioning was observed. Habitat characteristics and spatial scale appear more influential in partitioning eastern gray and fox squirrels in Central Hardwood forests than peak activity.

Seismicity and fractal analysis in Aswan region, southern Egypt

Seismic activity in Aswan is influenced by the complex interactions of tectonic plates, the accumulation of stress, and the presence of geological fault systems. It revealed that epicenters are well distributed along four fault segments in a conjugate pattern, indicating a prominent E-W compressional stress. This research aims to explore the characteristics of seismicity and seismotectonics, with a focus on assessing their implications for risk reduction and disaster management in this densely populated region. A data review from the Egyptian National Seismological Network (ENSN) identified 464 earthquakes occurred between 2000 and 2021, with local magnitudes ranging from 0.3 to 4.4, and depths up to 25 km. The calculated Gutenberg-Richter b-value is approximately 0.87 ± 0.05, indicating a gradual stress accumulation. The current analysis shows a more consistent level of moderate seismic activity, unlike previous studies in Aswan region that reported a wide range of b-values from 0.554 to 1.07. This suggests that while earlier research captured a wider range of seismic behaviors, recent data indicates a stabilization in earthquake frequency and intensity. Additionally, the fractal dimension (Dc) calculated at 1.57 ± 0.04 shows an intermediate level of complexity and reflecting a clustering pattern of earthquakes. The variations in the b-value with different magnitudes and depths signify the involvement of active smaller faults, responsible for earthquakes up to magnitude 2.2, which then transition to fractured zones inducing earthquakes up to magnitude 2.5. This transition is followed by a decline in seismic activity, indicating regions that are potentially more likely to experience larger earthquakes. Moreover, stress disparities at various depths contribute to smaller earthquakes within the 5–10 km depth range. Return period analysis suggests that the earthquakes of magnitude 3.7 or higher are expected to occur approximately once every decade in Aswan. These findings are of utmost importance for earthquake risk reduction, hazard assessment, and the sustainable development of Aswan area.

Physical activity and psychosocial status among Egyptian healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe Egyptian health system faces numerous challenges, including overpopulation, limited resources, and high patient load. Long working hours, inadequate sleep, and exposure to traumatic events further strain health care workers. This study aims to investigate the association between physical activity and psychosocial status of healthcare professionals in Egypt.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Egypt from 20th March to 20th April 2023. An online self-administered survey was used to recruit 647 healthcare professionals. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Psychosocial Index (PSI) were used to measure physical activity and psychosocial status, respectively.ResultsAmong the 647 participants, 82% were aged 24–30 years, with 49.9% females and 66.5% doctors. Only 41% engaged in physical activity, and among them, only 5.7% exercised more than three times per week. The median work hours per week were 36, and based on the Total Work MET, participants were classified into high (32%), moderate (40%), and low (28%) physical activity levels. Half of the participants experienced highly stressful lives, while only 40% reported good-to-excellent well-being. Physical activity correlated with psychological distress (r = 0.116, p = 0.003) and abnormal illness behaviors (r = 0.081, p = 0.038), while average working hours per week correlated with psychological distress (r = 0.084, p = 0.033) and sleep disturbance (r = 0.14, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn this study, physical activity levels varied among participants, and the majority of participants had a poor psychological status. Additionally, physical activity significantly correlated with psychological distress and abnormal illness behaviors, while average working hours per week correlated with psychological distress and sleep disturbance.

Low physical activity level in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors with obesity, mobility problems and cognitive impairment: Results from the TTM2 trial

AimsTo describe the level of physical activity 6 months after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and to explore potential risk factors of a low level of physical activity. MethodsPost-hoc analyses of the international multicentre Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac arrest (TTM2) trial. At 6 months, survivors at 61 sites in Europe, Australia and New Zeeland were invited to a follow-up. The participants answered two questions on self-reported physical activity. Answers were categorized as a low, moderate, or high level of physical activity and further dichotomized into a low versus moderate/high level of physical activity. Potential risk factors for a low level of physical activity were collected and investigated by univariable and multivariable logistic regression. ResultsAt 6 months, 807 of 939 (86%) OHCA survivors answered the two questions of physical activity; 34% reported a low, 44% moderate and 22% high level of physical activity. Obesity (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.10–2.77, p = 0.018), mobility problems by EuroQol 5 dimensions 5 levels (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.06–2.84, p = 0.029), and cognitive impairment by Symbol Digit Modalities Test (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.13–2.82, p = 0.013) were significantly associated with a low level of physical activity in the multivariable analysis. ConclusionOne third of the OHCA survivors reported a low level of physical activity. Obesity, mobility problems, and cognitive impairment were associated with a low level of physical activity. ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT02908308.

Influence of Drying Conditions on Physicochemical, Phytochemical, and Antioxidant Properties of Medicinal Plant Stem Xáo Tam Phân (Paramignya trimera) Grown in Vietnam

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the physicochemical, phytochemical, and antioxidant properties of medicinal plant stem Xáo tam phân (Paramignya trimera) as influenced by 11 drying conditions. Xáo tam phân (Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum) has been used in fold medicine for cancer prevention and treatment. The preparation of the dried sample is crucial and necessary for further investigation and application. To evaluate the effects of some popular drying methods, namely, sun drying, hot-air drying, microwave drying, infrared drying, and freeze drying on the physicochemical properties, the retention of phytochemical compounds (total saponins, phenolics, and flavonoids), and antioxidant properties (DRSC, CUPRAP, and FRAP) of dried P. trimera stem. Methods: The plant stem Xáo tam phân (Paramignya trimera) was dried by 11 drying conditions: sun drying at 36.6°C; hot-air drying at 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C; microwave drying at 270 W, 450 W, and 720 W; infrared drying at 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C; and freeze drying at -40°C. Results: The results show that among the 11 drying conditions used, hot-air drying at 80°C achieved the highest phytochemical contents of the P. trimera stem in terms of total saponins (28.82 mg EE/g DS), total phenolics (3.71 mg GAE/g DS), and total flavonoids (10.82 mg CE/g DS), and infrared drying at 50°C possessed the greatest antioxidant activity of the P. trimera stem (3.59 and 9.56 mg TE/g DS for DRSC and CUPRAC, respectively); however, both these drying methods had the longest drying time (1.5 to 7.0 h.) and consumed the highest energy (2.10 to 11.77 kWh). In contrast, microwave drying took the shortest drying time (0.1 to 0.4 h.) and consumed the least energy (0.07 to 0.14 kWh), but it still retained moderate levels of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of the P. trimera stem. Conclusion: The findings achieved from this study recommend using hot-air drying at 80°C for the preparation of the dried sample from the P. trimera plant stem.

Adult Sports Participation and Physical Activity: How About Curling?

Despite its well-documented physical and psychosocial benefits, sport remains the least engaged form of physical activity (PA) among adults. Many adults may lack the skills needed to play or continue to play sports and aging adults are more likely to avoid participation for fear of poor performance or injury. A sport that shows great promise for adults seeking new sports participation outlets is curling. Curling is a team sport comprised of four interchangeable positions working collectively to deliver granite stones across a sheet of ice in an effort to outscore the opponent team. While it seems reasonable that walking on ice, “throwing” a 44 lb granite stone across a sheet of ice, and periodically sweeping while walking on ice over a two-hour period would generate at least a moderate amount of physical activity, research to date is quite limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to objectively measure the amount and intensity of PA achieved by average recreational curling participants during a typical curling match. Methods Members of a curling club in NC were asked to wear Actigraph Accelerometers (model GT3X) while they participated in their regularly scheduled curling match. All participants had at least one year of curling experience. Curling matches lasted between 90 and 120 minutes. Participants were asked to indicate their age, gender, and curling position during the match (lead, second, vice, skip) which were matched with accelerometer data. Results Overall, 110 participants (37 female, 73 male, avg. age 50 yrs) spent most of their curling time in light or moderate-intensity activity (18.1% Sedentary; 49.5% light; 32.4% moderate; .03% vigorous). In terms of minutes, the average participant spent 35.9 minutes engaged in Moderate-to-Vigorous PA (MVPA) per curling experience. This represents 23.9% of the weekly 150min of MVPA suggested by the CDC. The second position had the highest percentage of moderate activity level and a small percentage of vigorous activity. No other position reached a vigorous level. The skip position had the highest amount of sedentary activity as well as light activity. Females had a higher level of moderate activity in comparison to males. However, males reached a small amount of vigorous activity. The age group of 18 - 36 had the highest amount of moderate activity and the lowest amount of sedentary activity. This age group reached an average of 41.0 minutes of MVPA per curling experience. The age group of &gt; 58 had the highest amount of sedentary activity and the lowest amount of moderate activity. Conclusions Curling may be a good sports participation option for adults looking for alternatives to meet recommended weekly amounts of MVPA. Participants should consider playing in one of the first three positions to maximize the amount and intensity of PA achieved while playing. Furthermore, since curling also requires balance, coordination, muscular strength, multitasking, strategic reasoning, and can cater to most physical challenges without compromising the integrity of the game, it may be an ideal sport to promote for adults of all ages and sport abilities. Implications for Practice and Policy Findings should be used to inform strategies for promoting curling as an opportunity for team sport involvement that has the added value of contributing to daily physical activity. However, , access and opportunities to play, especially for underserved populations, are limited. Given that most curling clubs in America are private and require a membership to play. Partnership arrangements between existing clubs and public parks and recreation departments could increase both access and opportunities to play.

Antimicrobial Potential of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Bacillus sp. and Their Gas Chromatography (GC)-Mass Spectrometry (MS) Analysis.

Aim This study aims to determine the biological activity and explore the antimicrobial compounds producedbya halophilic bacterium, as well as the hemolytic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of extracellular metabolites from Bacillus sp. Methodology The bacterial strain was obtained from the Department of Microbiology at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India, specifically from the bio-control and microbial product laboratory (BCMPL). The genotype and phenotype of the isolate were characterized while the cultures were maintained in a nutrient broth medium supplemented with 8% sodium chloride (NaCl). The secondary metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate and concentrated through open evaporation techniques after nine days of growth in the culture medium. Biological compatibility studies were conducted concurrently with the screening of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the secondary metabolites. The chemical composition of the crude metabolites was analyzed using the gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) technique. Results After phenotypic and genotypic analysis, the obtained potential halophilic bacterium from BCMPL was determined to be Bacillus sp. After the dark brown crude metabolites were extracted, the extracellular metabolites' antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) extracellular metabolites was moderately inhibited. Furthermore, the metabolites exhibited a moderate level of hemolytic and antioxidant activity. The GC-MS method depicted the presence of 12 distinct metabolites, each with a distinct retention time. Conclusion To sum up, the halophilic bacteria that were obtained and identified asBacillus species and their crude metabolites demonstrated noteworthy antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Further investigation may be helpful in identifying possible compounds that Bacillus sp. produces.

Role of physical activity for glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Lifestyle modification and physical activity are very important parts of diabetes management. Regular physical activity has been shown to improve glycemic control through increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. The aims of this study were to assess the glycemic level and pattern of physical activity among type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2022 to October 2022 among 305 purposively recruited diabetic patients who came to receive care at the outpatient department of a teaching hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to describe socio-demographic information. Physical activity was assessed using the validated version of international physical activity questionnaire short form/ global physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ/GPAQ). Glycemic control was measured by HbA1C report done within 120 days of the interview. Blood pressure and body mass index were also measured at the time of inclusion. The physical activity level was categorized according to IPAQ scoring protocol as high level, moderate level and low level. Chi square test was carried out to determine the association of physical activity with type-2 DM, body mass index, glycemic and blood pressure control. Statistical significance was defined as p&lt;0.05. Results: Among the participants only 0.3% had high level of physical activity. Moderate level of physical activity was found among 32.8% and low level of physical activity has been found among 66.9%. Among the participants 92.1% spent their time sitting during the weekdays while the time spent at home, at work, while doing course or class and during leisure activities. Among them 21% had the maximum 10 hours sitting time during the last week. The study showed that the persons who spent walking on at least 7 days has negative correlation with blood glycemic level and among them who spent time on sitting has positive correlation with blood glycemic level. Nearly two thirds of the respondents were female. The mean age was 53.09 ± 12.15 years. Majority of the participants were from urban area (69.83%) and the rest are from rural (21.31%) and sub urban (8.2%) area. There was no significant relation of level physical activity with any sociodemographic factors except monthly income, which showed low monthly income was associated with higher level of physical activity. Conclusion: The findings of our study focus on developing more awareness and providing facilities for physical activity to achieve the glycemic goal. BIRDEM Med J 2024; 14(3): 143-150