Moderate-intensity Resistance Exercise Research Articles

Exercise interventions for the effect of endothelial function in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Endothelial dysfunction is crucial factor to the hypertension occurrence, and controversy remains regarding the effect of exercise on improving endothelial function in hypertensive patients. The authors used meta-analysis to evaluate the intervention effect of exercise on endothelial function in hypertensive patients and to investigate exercise protocols that may have a greater intervention effect. A total of 37 studies and a total of 2801 participants were included. The results were as follows: endogenous nitric oxide (NO)[SMD=.89, 95% CI (.48, 1.30), p<.0001], endothelin-1 (ET-1): [SMD=-.94, 95% CI (-1.15, -.73), p<.0001], flow-mediated dilation (FMD) [SMD=-.57, 95% CI (.36,.79), p<.000001]. In subgroup analysis, high-intensity aerobic exercise, with a single exercise duration of 35-50min, 3-4 times/week for a total of 10-12weeks, had the largest amount of intervention effect on NO, and moderate-intensity resistance exercise, with a single exercise duration of ≥60min, 6 times/week for a total of 15-18weeks, had the largest amount of intervention effect on ET-1. In conclusion, exercise can improve NO levels, FDM levels, and reduce ET-1 secretion of hypertension patients, thereby improve their endothelial function. The ideal intervention effect of improving NO level was more likely to be obtained by taking the exercise prescription of high-intensity aerobic exercise with a single exercise duration of 35-50min, 3-4 times/week for 10-12weeks; the ideal intervention effect of improving ET-1 was more likely to be obtained by taking the exercise prescription of oderate -intensity resistance exercise with a single exercise duration of ≥60min, 6 times/week for 15-18weeks.

Hypoalgesia and Conditioned Pain Modulation in Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise.

We compared the magnitude of exercise-induced hypoalgesia and conditioned pain modulation between blood-flow restriction (BFR) resistance exercise (RE) and moderate-intensity RE. Twenty-five asymptomatic participants performed unilateral leg press in two visits. For moderate-intensity RE, subjects exercised at 50% 1RM without BFR whereas BFR RE exercised at 30% 1RM with a cuff inflated to 60% limb occlusion pressure. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia was quantified by pressure pain threshold changes before and after RE. Conditioned pain modulation was tested using cold water as the conditioning stimulus and mechanical pressure as the test stimulus and quantified as pressure pain threshold change. Difference in conditioned pain modulation pre- to post- RE was then calculated. The differences of RE on pain modulations were compared using paired t-tests. Pearson's r was used to examine the correlation between exercise-induced hypoalgesia and changes in conditioned pain modulation. We found greater hypoalgesia with BFR RE compared to moderate-intensity RE (p = 0.008). Significant moderate correlations were found between exercise-induced hypoalgesia and changes in conditioned pain modulation (BFR: r = 0.63, moderate-intensity: r = 0.72). BFR RE has favorable effects on pain modulation in healthy adults and the magnitude of exercise-induced hypoalgesia is positively correlated with conditioned pain modulation activation.

Greater glycemic control following low-load, high-repetition resistance exercise compared with moderate-intensity continuous exercise in males and females: a randomized control trial.

Exercise has long been known for its beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity (IS) and glucose handling with both moderate-intensity continuous (MIC) exercise and resistance exercise (RE) inducing beneficial effects. In recent years, low-load, high-repetition (LLHR) RE has emerged as a strategy to increase muscle mass and strength to levels similar to traditional RE; however, the effects of LLHR RE on glucose handling has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this trial was to compare the acute effects of LLHR RE to MIC exercise on post-exercise glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in males and females. Twenty-four (n=12/sex) participants completed acute bouts of MIC exercise (30 min at 65% V̇O₂peak) and LLHR (3 circuits, 6 exercises/circuit, 25-35 repetitions/exercise/circuit) matched for time with muscle biopsies immediately pre and post exercise and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 90 min following exercise. Blood glucose concentrations (p=0.002, ηp 2=0.37), glucose AUC (p=0.002, ηp 2=0.35) and max glucose concentration (p=0.003, ηp 2=0.34) were lower during the post exercise OGTT following LLHR RE compared to MIC exercise. There was a main effect of trial on TBC1D1 Ser237 phosphorylation (p=0.04, ηp 2=0.19) such that it was greater following MIC exercise compared to LLHR RE. Furthermore, phosphorylated ACC Ser79 increased following MIC exercise with no change following LLHR RE (p<0.001, ηp 2=0.50). Phosphorylation of PTEN Ser380 was greater in males than females during LLHR RE (p=0.01, ηp 2=0.27). These findings suggest that LLHR RE is a feasible exercise modality to improve post-exercise glycemic control in both males and females. Trial registration number: NCT06217679.

Exercises Program in Breast Cancer Patient with Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Case Study

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide, accounting for approximately 570,000 deaths in 2015. Over 1.5 million women (25% of all women with cancer) are diagnosed with breast cancer every year throughout the world. One of the most common complications after breast cancer surgery is functional limitation of the upper body. Up to 67% of breast cancer patients experience arm or shoulder impairment, including pain, numbness, loss of strength, and reduced ROM, after surgery. Breast cancer patients are presenting with chemo-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) that is impacting their balance, quality of life, and overall participation, as a side effect of chemotherapy treatment. Study Design: This case study was used to highlight the role of physical therapy interventions in the management of Breast cancer patient after surgery with chemo-induced peripheral neuropathy. Case Description: A 55-years-old Saudi female, known case of diabetes mellitus on insulin, hypertension and history of DVT 27 years back on anticoagulant. She came to the combined clinic breast clinic and all workup and investigations were done and showed invasive ductal carcinoma. Referred to physical therapy department by breast and endocrine clinic for left shoulder limited range of motion, impaired mobility and managing the symptoms. PT Management and Outcome: The patient received 2 phases of rehabilitations, phase 1 the patient was seen once a week for 4 weeks, phase 2 the patient was seen 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Exercise program of patient education, therapeutic exercise of low- to - moderate intensity resistance exercise for UE and LE. Aerobic Exercise; Cardio bike progressive training for UE and LE and balance exercise. By the end of phase 1 patient’s ROM and pain improved significantly, and by the end of phase 2 of the rehabilitation program, patient’s balance (using BBS), functional ability and QOL using (FACT-B) improved. Discussion: This case study showed that physical therapy exercise program including therapeutic exercises, low- to moderate- intensity resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, balance exercise is an effective program for breast cancer patients as it improves CIPN, minimize dependency and improved QOL.

Acute Effect of Dynamic and Gluteal Resistance Exercise Warm-up Protocols on Jump Landing Mechanics in College-Aged Females.

Rauseo, ML, Feairheller, DL, LaRoche, DP, and Cook, SB. Acute effect of dynamic and gluteal resistance exercise warm-up protocols on lower-extremity jump landing mechanics in college-aged females. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 259-265, 2024-Inadequate neuromuscular control of the femur by the gluteal musculature is associated with noncontact and overuse injuries to the knee. Acute bouts of resistance exercises targeting the gluteal musculature can be prescribed as part of a warm-up protocol with the goal of improving subsequent neuromuscular control and performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect that a warm-up protocol including moderate-intensity gluteal resistance exercises (GRE) has on single leg jump landing biomechanics. Seventeen healthy, college-aged, recreationally active females (mean ± SD ; age = 21.4 ± 1.9 years; height = 166.9 ± 5.7 cm; body mass = 62.5 ± 7.4 kg) performed 3 single leg hop trials per leg after completing no warm-up (CON), a dynamic warm-up (DWU), and a dynamic warm-up with gluteal resistance exercises (DWU + GRE) across 3 laboratory visits. Lower extremity kinetic and kinematic variables were assessed during single leg hops from the point of initial foot contact to deepest knee flexion. Biomechanical differences between dominant and nondominant limb landings were also assessed. Dominant limb hip internal rotation angle after DWU + GRE (2.03 ± 9.92°) was significantly greater ( p ≤ 0.05) compared with CON (-3.36 ± 7.74°). Peak knee adduction moment (56.8%), peak knee flexion angle (5.7%), and peak knee external rotation angle (17.0%) were significantly greater ( p ≤ 0.017) in the dominant limb, compared with the nondominant limb, across warm-up protocols. The combined DWU + GRE warm-up protocol did not have a substantial impact on landing biomechanics. Clinicians prescribing GRE before activity should not expect significant changes in movement patterns after a single bout.

Resistance exercise training benefits pulmonary, cardiac, and muscular structure and function in rats with stable pulmonary artery hypertension

AimWe tested the effects of low- to moderate-intensity resistance exercise training (RT) on the structure and function of pulmonary, right ventricle (RV), and skeletal muscle tissues in rats with stable pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Main methodsAfter the first monocrotaline (MCT; 20 mg/kg) injection, male rats were submitted to a RT program (Ladder climbing; 55–65 % intensity), 5 times/week. Seven days later rats received the second MCT dose. Physical effort tolerance test and echocardiographic examination were performed. After euthanasia, lung, heart, and biceps brachii were processed for histological, single myocyte, and biochemical analysis. Key findingsRT improved survival and physical effort tolerance (i.e., maximum carrying load), mitigated the pulmonary artery resistance increase (i.e., TA/TE), and preserved cardiac function (i.e., fractional shortening, ejection fraction, stroke volume and TAPSE). RT counteracted oxidative stress (i.e., CAT, SOD, GST, MDA and NO) and adverse remodeling in lung (i.e., collapsed alveoli) and in biceps brachii (i.e., atrophy and total collagen) tissues. RT delayed RV adverse remodeling (i.e., hypertrophy, extracellular matrix, collagen types I and III, and fibrosis) and impairments in single RV myocyte contractility (i.e., amplitude and velocity to peak and relaxation). RT improved the expression of gene (i.e., miRNA 214) and intracellular Ca2+ cycling regulatory proteins (i.e., PLBser16); and of pathological (i.e., α/β-MHC and Foxo3) and physiological (i.e., Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, p-mTOR, and Bcl-xL) hypertrophy pathways markers in RV tissue. SignificanceLow- to moderate-intensity RT benefits the structure and function of pulmonary, RV, and skeletal muscle tissues in rats with stable pulmonary artery hypertension.

Appropriate exercise prescription in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: why this skill remains to be improved among clinicians and healthcare professionals. A call for action from the EXPERT Network†.

In Europe alone, on a yearly basis, millions of people need an appropriate exercise prescription to prevent the occurrence or progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A general exercise recommendation can be provided to these individuals (at least 150 min of moderate-intensity endurance exercise, spread over 3-5 days/week, complemented by dynamic moderate-intensity resistance exercise 2 days/week). However, recent evidence shows that this one size does not fit all and that individual adjustments should be made according to the patient's underlying disease(s), risk profile, and individual needs, to maximize the clinical benefits of exercise. In this paper, we (i) argue that this general exercise prescription simply provided to all patients with CVD, or elevated risk for CVD, is insufficient for optimal CVD prevention, and (ii) show that clinicians and healthcare professionals perform heterogeneously when asked to adjust exercise characteristics (e.g. intensity, volume, and type) according to the patient's condition, thereby leading to suboptimal CVD risk factor control. Since exercise training is a class 1A intervention in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD, the awareness of the need to improve exercise prescription has to be raised among clinicians and healthcare professionals if optimized prevention of CVD is ambitioned.

The Impact of Some Types of Physical Activity on the Level of Releasing Serotonin Hormone (A Comparative Study)

The current study aimed to identify the impact of practicing some types of physical activity (moderate intensity aerobic exercise, moderate intensity resistance exercise, and moderate intensity badminton) on the level of Serotonin hormone. The researchers adopted the descriptive method as it fits the nature of the study. The study sample consisted of (3) groups: group (A) consisted of Yarmouk University long-distance athletics team players and their number is (5) / males, Group (B) consisted of the Jordanian national weightlifting team players and their number is (5) males and group (C) consisted of Jordan national badminton team players and their number is (5) males. All of the groups are homogeneous concerning age with arithmetic (21.40_+ 3.6). The researchers used the Nag. Blood Test to measure the level of Serotonin among the players before doing any physical activity and after doing the specialized physical activity for an hour. After collecting and analyzing data the results showed an increase in the level of releasing Serotonin hormone between pre-tests and post-tests among players of (aerobic exercise and intensity resistance exercise), where the variances were in favor of the post-measurements. The results also showed that there was no statistically significant increase at the level of releasing Serotonin hormone between the pre-tests and post-tests among the badminton players, and that the rate of increase in the level of releasing Serotonin hormone between the pre-test and the post-test among players of players of aerobic exercises was higher than the one for resistance exercises and badminton, whereas the rate of increase in the level of releasing Serotonin for badminton players was higher than the one for resistance exercises. The researchers recommend the importance of educating community members about the importance of practicing periodic respiratory endurance exercises since they have a major role in improving the level of releasing Serotonin hormone, as well as to conduct studies dealing with high intensity sports to show their impact on releasing Serotonin hormone.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Effectiveness of Structured Exercise Intervention in Cancer-Related Fatigue among Oral Cavity Cancer Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Introduction In head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, fatigue is present throughout the course of treatment and during follow-up. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a significant treatment-related side effect experienced by oral cancer patients during and after treatment. CRF, when coupled with other side effects of oral cavity cancer, patients who undergo definitive treatment have some of the most dramatic acute side effects, and reduced overall quality of life (QoL). Although there are upcoming intervention strategies to manage CRF, the effect of exercise intervention is explored in this study. The rationale for considering exercise to manage CRF is that it may alleviate the combined effect of toxic treatment and decreased levels of activity during the treatment that reduces the capacity for physical performance. Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of exercise intervention on CRF, and its influence on functional capacity and QoL among patients with oral cavity cancer during and after their primary cancer treatment. Materials and Methods Oral cavity cancer patients (n = 223), planned for only chemoradiotherapy with curative intent were screened for CRF. Based on the inclusion criteria, 69 patients were grouped randomly into experimental (n = 35) and control (n = 34) groups. Patients in the experimental group were provided structured exercise intervention, while the control group was offered standard and routine care. Structured exercise in this present study comprised moderate-intensity walking and resistance exercises using TheraBand every day for three to five times a week. CRF was assessed using symbolic assessment of fatigue extent and the functional capacity was assessed by 6-minute walk test (6MWT), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and hand dynamometer. QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer-QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Head and Neck Cancer module (HN35), while distress was assessed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Distress Thermometer. Randomized patients were assessed at four points. Result The size effects in fatigue extent (ηp 2 = 0.40) and fatigue impact (ηp 2 = 0.41) were found to be moderate, and a positive correlation between 6MWT, fatigue extent, and fatigue impact was observed. Conclusion This study suggests that exercise intervention has a significant positive impact on CRF, most aspects of QoL, and the functional capacity of the patients.

The effect of moderate-intensity endurance plus resistance training combined with MCCR diet on glycemic status in prediabetes

BackgroundThere is little clinical evidence that exercise improves prediabetic individuals' glycemic status on glycated hemoglobin A1c (Hb1Ac) and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) indices. The purpose of this study is to investigate how an eight-week high volume of moderate-intensity endurance plus resistance exercise combined with a medium carbohydrate, low fat, calorie-restricted, carbohydrate counting diet (MCCR) affects Hb1Ac and HOMA indices in individuals with prediabetes.MethodsTwenty-two young obese people (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) were divided into two groups: prediabetes intervention group (INT, n = 10) and normoglycemic control group (CON, n = 12). All participants received the MCCR dietary intervention and a high volume of moderate-intensity endurance plus resistance training, 6 days/week, 5 times/day, and 50 min/time, for 8 weeks. Body composition and circumference, serum lipids, fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2-h post-glucose (2 h-PG), fasting insulin (FINS), Hb1Ac, the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) indices were assessed.ResultsAfter exercise and dietary intervention, Hb1Ac, 2 h-PG, and FINS levels were significantly reduced in both the INT and CON groups (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS, and body fat percent were significantly improved in the INT group (p < 0.05), but HOMA-β was not observed. Additionally, Hb1Ac levels were significantly normalized in the prediabetic individuals, with a reversion rate of 71.43%, while there was no difference in FPG.ConclusionThe MCCR diet combined with an eight-week high volume of moderate-intensity endurance and resistance training is effective in reversing Hb1Ac and improving insulin sensitivity in young, obese adults with prediabetes.

Effect of Processed Soybeans (Tofu and Tempeh) Consumption, and Exercise on Upper Respiratory Tract Immunity.

IgA is widely used as Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) risk marker, as a lower concentration in sIgA indicates a higher incidence of URTI. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different types of exercise; combined with Tempeh consumption in increasing sIgA concentration in saliva sample. 19 sedentary male subjects aged 20-23 were recruited and assigned into 2 groups based on the exercise type, endurance (n=9), and resistance (n=10). These subjects underwent 2 weeks of Tofu and Tempeh consumption, then were assigned to do exercises based on their groups. This study showed an increased mean value of sIgA concentrations in the endurance group; the baseline value, after food treatment, and after food and exercise treatment were 71.726 ng/mL, 73.266 ng/mL, and 73.921 ng/mL, respectively for Tofu treatment; and 71.726 ng/mL, 73.723 ng/mL, and 75.075 ng/mL, respectively for Tempeh treatment. While in the resistance group, there was also an increase in the mean value of sIgA concentrations; baseline, after food treatment, and after food and exercise treatments were 70.123 ng/mL, 71.801 ng/mL, and 74.430 ng/mL, respectively for Tofu treatment; and 70.123 ng/mL, 72.397 ng/mL, and 77.216 ng/mL, respectively for Tempeh treatment. These results indicated that combining both Tempeh consumption and moderate intensity resistance exercise was more effective to increase sIgA concentration. This study showed that combining moderate intensity resistance exercise with consumption of 200 gr Tempeh for 2 weeks was more effective in increasing sIgA concentration; compared to endurance exercise and Tofu consumption.

The Effects of Exercise for Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Physical exercise can slow down the decline of the cognitive function of the older adults, yet the review evidence is not conclusive. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic and resistance training on cognitive ability. A computerized literature search was carried out using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase SCOPUS, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang, and VIP database to identify relevant articles from inception through to 1 October 2022. Based on a preliminary search of the database and the references cited, 10,338 records were identified. For the measured values of the research results, the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to synthesize the effect size. Finally, 10 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Since the outcome indicators of each literature are different in evaluating the old cognitive ability, a subgroup analysis was performed on the included literature. The study of results suggests that aerobic or resistance training interventions significantly improved cognitive ability in older adults compared with control interventions with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MD 2.76; 95% CI 2.52 to 3.00), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MD 2.64; 95% CI 2.33 to 2.94), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (MD 2.86; 95% CI 2.25 to 3.47), the Wechsler Memory Scale (MD 9.33; 95% CI 7.12 to 11.54), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (MD 5.31; 95% CI 1.20 to 9.43), the Trail Making Tests (MD -8.94; 95% CI -9.81 to -8.07), and the Stroop Color and Word Test (MD -5.20; 95% CI -7.89 to -2.51). Physical exercise improved the cognitive function of the older adults in all mental states. To improve cognitive ability, this meta-analysis recommended that patients perform at least moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on as many days as possible in the week to comply with current exercise guidelines while providing evidence for clinicians.

EFFECT OF NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL FOR GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Introduction. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs in 2 to 9 percent of all pregnancies and is associated with substantial rates of maternal and perinatal complications. Women with a history of GDM have a sevenfold lifetime risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with those with euglycemic pregnancies.A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the evidence from published studies on the effect of non-pharmacological interventions on the health of glycemic control of pregnant women at high risk (gestational diabetes mellitus).Method. The databases used in this systematic review are Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed. Relevant articles were searched from 27 May to 29 June 2022. The publication year was limited to 2018 – 2022. A total of 20 randomized controlled trials were included that focused on non-pharmacological interventions in GDM women.Results &amp; Analysis. The selected articles show that physical exercise interventions consist of moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise, educational interventions include telemedicine and mobile health (m-health), and dietary nutrition interventions.Discussions. Non-pharmacological interventions can have a good effect on the control of GDM in the treatment of GDM. In general, women with GDM can improve their condition and prevent the risk of complications in childbirth. The physical exercise intervention had a significant beneficial effect on controlling blood glucose levels in GDM women, while other interventions that also had a beneficial effect were education with telemedicine and mobile health media.

Resistance Exercise Training Mitigates Left Ventricular Dysfunctions in Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Model.

ResumoFundamentoA hipertrofia e a dilatação do ventrículo direito observadas na hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HAP) prejudicam a dinâmica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) achatando o septo interventricular.ObjetivoInvestigar se o treinamento físico resistido (TFR) de intensidade baixa a moderada é benéfico para funções contráteis do VE e de cardiomiócitos em ratos durante o desenvolvimento de HAP induzida por monocrotalina (MCT).MétodosForam usados ratos Wistar machos (Peso corporal: ~ 200 g). Para avaliar o tempo até o possível surgimento de insuficiência cardíaca (ou seja, ponto de desfecho), os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos, hipertensão com sedentarismo até a insuficiência (HSI, n=6) e hipertensão com treinamento até a insuficiência (HTI, n=6). Para testar os efeitos do TFR, os ratos foram divididos entre grupos de controle sedentários (CS, n=7), hipertensão com sedentarismo (HS, n=7) e hipertensão com treinamento (HT, n=7). A HAP foi induzida por duas injeções de MCT (20 mg/kg, com um intervalo de 7 dias). Os grupos com treinamento foram submetidos a um protocolo de TFR (subir escadas; 55-65% da máxima carga carregada), 5 dias por semana. A significância estatística foi definida em p <0,05.ResultadosO TFR prolongou o ponto de desfecho (~25%), melhorou a tolerância ao esforço físico (~55%) e atenuou as disfunções de contratilidade de VE e de cardiomiócitos promovidas pela MCT preservando a fração de ejeção e o encurtamento fracional, a amplitude do encurtamento, e as velocidades de contração e relaxamento nos cardiomiócitos. O TFR também preveniu os aumentos de fibrose e colágeno tipo I no ventrículo esquerdo causados pela MCT, além de manter as dimensões de miócitos e colágeno tipo III reduzidas por MCT.ConclusãoO TFR de intensidade baixa a moderada é benéfico para funções contráteis de VE e cardiomiócitos em ratos durante o desenvolvimento de HAP induzida por MCT.

Which Type of Exercise During Radiation Therapy Is Optimal to Improve Fatigue and Quality of Life in Men with Prostate Cancer? A Bayesian Network Analysis

ContextPhysical exercise in men with prostate cancer (CaP) has shown benefits in improving cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and quality of life (QoL) during radiation therapy. However, types of exercises that are more effective are not well understood. Evidence acquisitionWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to November 2021 to identify potentially relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing the effects of exercise training on CRF, QoL, and treatment-related toxicities in patients with CaP undergoing radiation therapy were included. The quality of individual studies was evaluated using the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in Exercise (TESTEX) scale. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to test the study-level covariates. A random-effect network meta-analysis was conducted based on a Bayesian model. Evidence synthesisEight RCTs with 466 participants were included. Exercise achieved significant improvements in CRF (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval or CI [0.43, 2.06], I2 = 93%) and QoL (SMD = 1.40, 95% CI [0.05, 2.75], I2 = 95%). Based on the meta-regression and Bayesian model, combined moderate-intensity continuous training aerobic exercise and resistance exercise (MICT/RES) showed the highest probability of ranking first in terms of CRF and QoL improvement, but the results of QoL were unstable. Exercise training also had a positive effect on urinary toxicities (SMD = –0.53, 95% CI [–0.79, –0.27], I2 = 0%). A subgroup analysis indicated that MICT/RES might be the most promising exercise modality for reducing intestinal toxicities (SMD = –1.76, 95% CI [–2.32, –1.20]). ConclusionsMICT/RES might be superior to any other types of exercise at reducing CRF. MICT/RES was more effective on significantly mitigating urinary and intestinal toxicities. Patient summaryIn prostate cancer (CaP) survivors during radiation therapy, exercise training is an effective and safe intervention to reduce cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and improve quality of life (QoL), and should be prescribed as a rehabilitation option for clinical management. As for the types of exercises, moderate-intensity continuous training aerobic exercise and resistance exercise seem to be the most effective interventions to reduce CRF, improve QoL, and mitigate treatment-related symptoms.

Effect of short‐term acute moderate‐intensity resistance exercise on blood glucose in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia

To investigate the effects of short-term acute moderate-intensity resistance exercise on blood glucose in older patients with type2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia using ambulatory glucose monitoring technology. This is a prospective intervention of an own-controlled before-and-after cohort study. A total of 24 older type2 diabetes mellitus patients who met the enrollment criteria were selected, including 12 cases in the sarcopenia and 12 in the non-sarcopenia groups. First, they wore ambulatory glucose monitoring devices (Medtronic, Ipro2) and retained baseline data. Then they wore Ipro2 again and carried out two sessions of resistance exercise on alternate days. Blood glucose level, blood glucose fluctuation, and time in target range on the contrast and exercise days were compared and analyzed in both groups. The area under the curve of glucose level across 24 h and the mean blood glucose post exercise decreased (P <0.05) in the sarcopenia group. On the exercise day, the coefficient of variation of glucose, the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions, amplitude of postprandial glucose excursions and low blood glucose index decreased, whereas the time in target range increased (P < 0.05). Short-term acute moderate-intensity resistance exercise is an effective and safe exercise modality, which can reduce blood glucose levels, blood glucose fluctuations and the risk of hypoglycemia, as well as improve the time in target range for older patients with type2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 653-659.

Pea Peptide Supplementation in Conjunction With Resistance Exercise Promotes Gains in Muscle Mass and Strength.

It is generally considered that protein supplementation and resistance exercise significantly increase muscle mass and muscle growth. As the hydrolysis products of proteins, peptides may play the crucial role on muscle growth. In this study, male rats were orally administrated 0.4 g/kg body weight of pea peptide combined with 8 weeks of moderate intensity resistance exercise training. After treatment, the body gains, upper limb grip, muscle thickness, and wet weight of biceps brachii were tested, and the cross-sectional area of biceps brachii muscle fiber and the types of muscle fibers were determined by HE staining, immunofluorescence staining, and lactate dehydrogenase activity, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the level of growth-signaling pathway-related proteins. The results showed that pea peptide supplementation combined with resistance exercise training significantly increased body weight, upper limb grip, muscle thickness, wet weight of biceps brachii, and cross-sectional area of muscle fiber. Meanwhile, pea peptide supplementation obviously elevated the ratio of fast-twitch fiber (type II) and the expression of muscle growth-signaling pathway-related proteins. In addition, the PP2 oligopeptide in pea peptide with the amino acid sequence of LDLPVL induced a more significant promotion on C2C12 cell growth than other oligopeptides.

Effects of moderate-intensity resistance exercise on blood glucose and pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of a structured moderate-intensity resistance exercise program on blood glucose levels and other health-related indicators in patients with GDM. MethodsA total of 99 patients with GDM in a tertiary class A general hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. GDM patients in the control group received routine prenatal care, online education, and a personalized diabetes diet intervention. The experimental group was treated in the same way as the control group with the addition of a moderate intensity resistance exercise program. ResultsThe blood glucose levels in both groups were lower after the intervention compared with before intervention (P < 0.05). After intervention, the average fasting blood glucose, the 2 h postprandial blood glucose, the utilization rate of insulin, the amount of insulin, gestational weight gain and blood pressure (P < 0.05) in the experimental group were lower than the control group. In addition, there was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes between the two groups after intervention (P > 0.05). ConclusionsModerate intensity resistance exercise was helpful for improvement of blood glucose control and insulin use, gestational weight gain and blood pressure in patients with GDM. In the future, long-term follow-up of both maternal and newborn infants should be performed to assess the long-term effects of exercise intervention on maternal and child health. The impact on the risk of obesity and diabetes may need to be further clarified.The trial was approved by the registration of the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and registration number: ChiCTR1900027929.

Physical Activity: A Key to Uphold Immune Functions during COVID-19 Pandemic

The population of industrialized and developing countries has been less physically active during the previous century, either to changes in the type of job or the adoption of new habits owing in part to changes in work demands and the adoption of new sedentary habits. The World Health Organization (WHO) officially proclaimed a pandemic on March 11, 2020, due to the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which was discovered in December 2019. Social isolation and/or social distance are among the WHO guidelines that must be implemented by governments globally (with exclusions) in order to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The sudden onset of a quarantine period, on the other hand, not only implies a rapid change in people’s lifestyles, but it can also have an impact on the health of these isolated people, as it favors impairment in dietary habits, changes in psychosocial behaviour, and reduced levels of physical activity in people of all ages. Increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines produced during exercise may help to limit the post-inflammatory reactions that occur as a result of the exercise-induced damage to the skeletal musculature, as well as inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines linked to the development of pathological conditions. A modest systemic inflammatory response was elicited by moderateintensity resistance exercises, which was characterized, at least in part, by elevations in blood levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-α. The regular production of muscle-derived anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-15), along with the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-18, TNF-α), is thought to play a key role in the immune-boosting benefits of exercise. Physical activity should be beneficial to one’s health on a regular basis; nevertheless, characteristics like as volume and intensity must be considered for the suggested programmes to achieve the greatest outcomes.

Moderate-intensity Treadmill And Ergocycle Exercise Reduce Fasting Blood Glucose Levels In Obese Women

The study aimed to analyze the decrease in fasting blood glucose levels after moderate-intensity treadmills and ergocycle exercise in obese women. The quasi-experiment method used in this study with two groups pretest-posttest design design. A total of 20 obese women aged 19-23 years participated in the study and were divided into two groups, namely acute ergocycle exercise (AEE, n=10), and acute treadmill exercise (ATE, n=10). Exercise is done a single session with an intensity of 60-70% HRmax for 40 minutes using ergocycle (Monark 828 E) and Richter Treadmill (4.0 HP DC). Blood collection is done 30 minutes pre-exercise and 5 minutes post-exercise on capillary blood vessels in the fingerstick. Measurement of fasting blood glucose levels is done using Accu-Chek Performance (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). Data analysis using Independent Samples T-Test with SPSS version 21. The results found that mean of the fasting blood glucose level pre-exercise on AEE (97.80?2.20 mg/dL), ATE (95.60?3.86 mg/dL), and (P>0.05). Mean of post-exercise fasting blood glucose levels on AEE (93.30?3.09 mg/dL), ATE (84.60?6.28 mg/dL), and (P<0.001). Mean of delta fasting blood glucose levels in AEE (?4.50?2.95 mg/dL), ATE (?11.00?6.99 mg/dL), and (P<0.05). Based on the results of research it can be concluded that ergocyle and treadmill exercise with moderate-intensity lowers fasting blood glucose levels. But treadmill exercise is more effective in lowering fasting blood glucose levels than ergocycle exercise. Future research is recommended to compare moderate-intensity treadmill exercise vs. moderate-intensity resistance exercise against decreased fasting blood glucose levels in obese women