Moderate Attitude Research Articles

Knowledge, attitude and practice toward fibromyalgia among fibromyalgia patients: A web-based cross-sectional study in China

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of fibromyalgia patients toward fibromyalgia.MethodsThis web-based cross-sectional study was conducted in China between February and March 2023 among fibromyalgia patients using a self-administered questionnaire.ResultsA total of 401 valid questionnaires were enrolled, including 326 (81.30%) females and with a mean age of 42.42 ± 11.78 years. The mean scores for KAP were 7.14 ± 2.72 (possible range: 0–10), 27.31 ± 4.24 (possible range: 8–40) and 28.08 ± 5.55 (possible range: 10–50), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed knowledge (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04–1.15, P = 0.001) and patient global impression (PGI) on average pain severity in the last week (OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.81–0.97, P = 0.011) were independently associated with positive attitude. Attitude (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.02–1.14, P = 0.006), initial consultation in orthopedics (OR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.24–3.73, P = 0.006) and age (OR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.96–1.00, P = 0.037) were independently associated with proactive practice. The structural equation model demonstrated that knowledge had a positive effect on attitude (β = 0.21, P = 0.006), and Widespread Pain Index (WPI) exhibited an impact on both knowledge (β = -0.04, P < 0.001) and attitude (β = -0.52, P = 0.001).ConclusionFibromyalgia patients showed suboptimal knowledge, moderate attitude and inactive practice toward fibromyalgia. To enhance fibromyalgia patient outcomes, recommendations include targeted education, addressing rural-urban disparities in knowledge, emphasizing early diagnosis, and adopting patient-centered approaches to promote positive attitude and better disease management.

Consumer attitudes, willingness to pay and hedonic evaluations of innovative legume gnocchi products.

With growing concerns over the adverse effects of animal-derived products on health, animal welfare and the environment, the rising popularity of plant-based foods underscores the importance of understanding consumer preferences and determining acceptance. The present study takes the form of a case study that utilized innovative legume-based flours to develop multiple gnocchi products. The Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) mechanism as an auction method was employed to elicit consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) following a hedonic evaluation test involving 127 Spanish consumers. The findings indicate that a majority of consumers exhibit a high level of environmental concern, coupled with increased trust in, as well as perceptions of, the benefits of consuming plant-based products. However, they demonstrated moderate attitudes with regard to plant-based products. Notably, product sample tasting had a negative impact on consumers' WTP for legume-based gnocchi. The respondents' education level, income, financial situation, government support, environmental concerns, perceived risks, flavor and color significantly influenced consumers' WTP. The present study offers initial insights into consumer attitudes and WTP for legume-based products in Spain. The findings are of relevance for producers and marketers aiming to promote environmentally-sustainable food production and consumption. They may also play a pivotal role in facilitating the successful introduction and sale of such plant-based products in the Spanish market. Going forward, addressing any limitations of this study and exploring further research avenues will be crucial for refining our understanding of consumer behavior in this context. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Attitudes Toward Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Among Rural and Urban Students in Iringa Region, Tanzania

Students' attitudes toward Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) are influenced by socio-economic conditions, cultural perceptions, and resource availability. Urban students typically access better WASH facilities and education than rural peers. Cultural norms and community involvement play crucial roles in promoting positive hygiene practices and improving health outcomes, especially in Tanzania. The study examined WASH attitudes among students in rural and urban Iringa, Tanzania, highlighting socio-economic influences on these perspectives. This study assessed WASH attitudes among primary and secondary students in rural (Kilolo, Mufindi) and urban (Iringa Municipality) schools in Iringa, Tanzania, from July 4 to 25, 2024. A quantitative analytical cross-sectional design was employed, including 1,536 students randomly selected from 64 schools. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), utilizing descriptive statistics, P-values for associations, and multinomial logistic regression to identify predictors associated with attitudes among students. Rural students have a mean attitude score of 86.38%, slightly higher than urban students at 85.42%. The overall mean attitude score for both groups is 85.90%. It is noteworthy that both rural and urban settings demonstrate a high level of attitude. An independent samples t-test reveals a significant difference (t = -2.067, p = 0.039). In rural areas, 82.4% of students have a high attitude compared to 79.8% in urban areas. Key predictors of WASH attitudes include level of study and type of school, where primary and public-school students revealed significantly higher moderate attitudes, all with (p &lt; 0.05). Rural students exhibit more positive WASH attitudes than urban peers, indicating the need for targeted educational programs and resources to address disparities in various settings highlighted attitude gaps.

Saudi Awareness of Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factors

Background: Complex disorder CKD involves excessive fluid and waste buildup in the circulation, causing structural or functional damage to the kidneys. This article used general Saudi population data to assess public understanding of chronic kidney disease risk factor among adults. Methodology: The present study is a cross-sectional investigation that included a sample of 1111 participants from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, all of whom were above the age of eighteen and represented both genders. The data was analyzed utilizing Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. The findings of this study encompassed a total of 1111 participants, with 67.9% identifying as females and 32.1% as males. A total of 23.7% of the participants indicated that they had a family member who had been diagnosed with renal illness. Among this group, 51% reported that the affected family member belonged to the first-class category. A majority of respondents (71.6%) indicated possessing a moderate level of knowledge, while a smaller proportion (17.5%) reported having little knowledge. Conversely, only 11% of participants claimed to possess a high level of knowledge. A total of 44.9% of participants indicated a moderate attitude, while 39.9% reported a low attitude score. Only 15.2% of respondents reported a high attitude score. Conclusion: Based on the present research, it was determined that the participants exhibited a commendable comprehension of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), with findings aligning with previous investigations conducted in Saudi Arabia and surpassing those from diverse nations. Furthermore, the participants in our research had a favorable disposition towards chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), aligning with findings from previous studies.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Intimate Care and Its Association with Vaginal Discharge among Female Students in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Background: Prioritizing cleanliness, especially in intimate areas, is crucial for personal health. Globally, around 10% of women suffer from genital infections, and 75% of them have experienced these infections before and the rate of occurrence is increasing in many developing countries. Many women intend to get screened for vaginal discharge problems, but due to taboos and other factors, they often do not follow through with the process. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards intimate hygiene and the association between knowledge, attitude, and practices on intimate care and vaginal discharge among female students at International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan (IIUMK). Methods: Two hundred and sixty respondents from different Kulliyyah were given a self-administered questionnaire. The data were analysed using SPSS software. Results: The finding showed that most of the respondents had good knowledge (87.5%) and practice (68.8%), and moderate attitude (53.6%) towards intimate care and its association with vaginal discharge. Conclusion: These findings of the study underscore the importance of targeted health education and awareness programs to further enhance intimate care practices and knowledge, particularly among younger women, married women, and those who are sexually active.

Assessment of practices and attitudes of undergraduate students toward family violence in the University of Baghdad

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess undergraduate student's practices and attitudes toward family violence in the University of Baghdad. Methods: This was a descriptive study on non-probability (purposive) sample of 100 undergraduate students from different colleges at the University of Baghdad from November 15, 2022 to May 20, 2023. A validated questionnaire was prepared with 43 questions, which consisted of three parts: eight items related to students’ demographic data, 13 items related to students’ attitudes, and 22 items related to students’ practices. Results: Positive attitudes toward family violence were used by the parents, and with respect to the total relative sufficiency (86.18%), the attitude level was moderate. Undergraduate students reported low levels of family violence practices from their parents with respect to the total mean scores (1.43) and the relative sufficiency (47.5). There was a significant relationship between students’ practices and their parents’ perception of family violence (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that students in the University of Baghdad had positive, moderate attitudes toward parents’ violence. They also experienced a low level of practice toward family violence, as well as parents’ level of education has an impact on students’ violence practices. Recommendations: There is a need to raise community awareness about the consequences of family violence and mistreatment of the family members through mass media, and to establish family violence counseling centers for students.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards pulmonary nodules among Chinese adults: a mediation analysis

The management of pulmonary nodules involves self-management. This study, conducted in China between September and October 2022, explored the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards pulmonary nodules among Chinese adults. The participants were enrolled through convenience sampling when they visited the hospital. The KAP questionnaire was developed by the investigators. Participants who received scores of ≥ 75% of the total score for each dimension were defined as good or positive, 50–75% as moderate, and ≤ 50% as poor or negative. A total of 1209 participants, with an average age of 38.7 years, completed a self-administered online questionnaire. The knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 5.95 ± 3.54/12, 29.05 ± 4.04/40, and 23.72 ± 6.08/45, respectively, indicating poor knowledge, moderate attitude, and moderate practice regarding pulmonary nodules. The multivariable analyses showed significant associations among knowledge, attitudes, and practice. The mediation analysis indicated that knowledge, education, income, smoking habits, and awareness of pulmonary nodules influenced participants’ practices. In conclusion, a significant population of adults in China had inadequate knowledge, attitude, and practice towards pulmonary nodules. Sufficient knowledge was associated with appropriate practices toward pulmonary nodules. Therefore, health education programs aimed at improving knowledge about pulmonary nodules may be helpful for encouraging appropriate attitudes and maintaining healthy practices.

The Role of Religious Extracurricular Program Activities in Fostering Religious Moderation among Students of Public Universities

This study explores the role of religious extracurricular activities in fostering religious moderation among university students. In the context of increasing social polarization and extremism, the role of universities in fostering moderate attitudes is crucial. A quantitative approach was used, combining surveys and interviews with 20 students from various faculties, including 10 students who actively participated in religious extracurricular activities and 10 who were not involved. Respondents were aged 18 to 25 and came from various religious backgrounds. The results showed that participation in religious extracurricular activities positively contributed to developing tolerance, empathy, and strengthening of moderation values among university students. The results of this study indicate that extracurricular activities can be an effective means of building a culture of religious moderation, as well as a strategic effort to counteract the potential for radicalization. This study recommends developing more inclusive and dialogue-based extracurricular programs to further promote religious moderation among young people, especially university students.

Knowledge and Attitude regarding Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) among Nurses in Bangladesh

Cardiac arrest remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The effective management of cardiac arrest requires a thorough understanding of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques. As frontline healthcare providers, nurses are pivotal in identifying cardiac arrest and initiating CPR. This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and attitude regarding CPR among nurses at Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH), Bangladesh. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving government-registered nurses employed at CMCH. A convenience sampling method was employed to select participants. Data were collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires. The study found that 68.1% of the nurses had a diploma in nursing and limited experience in CCU/ICU and emergency departments. Furthermore, 76% of the nurses had not received CPR training. Only 1.4% of the participants exhibited good knowledge of CPR, 37.2% had an average level of knowledge, and 61.5% demonstrated poor knowledge. Regarding attitudes towards CPR, 24% of the nurses had a good attitude, while 76% had an average attitude. The findings indicate that nurses at CMCH possess inadequate knowledge of CPR despite a moderate attitude towards its practice. This study provides foundational data that could guide efforts to enhance CPR training and knowledge among nurses in Bangladesh.

Knowledge, attitude, and perception of exercises among post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: A cross-sectional study.

Exercise rehabilitation is crucial for the recovery after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aimed to investigate knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) of exercise among post-HSCT patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University between January 2020 and December 2022 among post-HSCT patients, using a self-designed questionnaire. A total of 192 patients were included, with the mean age of 37.90 ± 11.96 years; 116 (60.42%) reported to exercise before. The mean KAP scores were 9.22 ± 2.05 (possible range: 0-12), 43.51 ± 5.47 (possible range: 12-60) and 51.79 ± 7.45 (possible range: 15-75), respectively. Patients previously inactive in exercise exhibited significant differences in KAP scores from active patients: attitude total score, positive attitude, perception total score, willingness to exercise, aerobic exercise, breathing training (all P < .001), with a noteworthy distinction in resistance exercise (P = .018). According to structural equation modeling, perception was directly influenced by knowledge (β = 0.87, P < .001), attitude (β = 0.26, P = .007), and exercise habits (β = 3.36, P = .001), as well as indirectly by education (β = 0.44, P = .010) and knowledge (β = 0.18, P = .029). Post-HSCT patients had adequate knowledge, moderate attitude and perception of exercises, even 1 year after HSCT. Patients inactive in exercises exhibited significant differences in knowledge and exercise perception from active patients. Healthcare professionals should tailor education, target attitude, and personalize exercise plans to facilitate effective recovery post-HSCT.

RELIGIOUS MODERATION STUDIES: EVALUATION OF RESPONSIVENESS TO IT’S IMPLEMENTATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

This study aims to explain the responsive evaluation of the implementation of religious moderation education. Religious moderation is a principle of life in multicultural life, promoting tolerance attitudes and behaviors, but in some events, acts of intolerance still occur and become a cause of conflict. So it is crucial to examine the position of education in implementing these principles. The study was conducted with a responsive evaluation approach through a literature analysis of research results on religious moderation education. Based on the analysis results, religious moderation is implemented to form moderate attitudes of religious people to build tolerance and harmony. As a process, education becomes a medium of value transformation for students so that it can strengthen religious moderation in society. A strengthening strategy is needed in its implementation because implementing these principles in society still needs to be improved. This study can become relevant literature for related studies and strengthen insights into implementing religious moderation.

Implementation of Bai'at in Strengthening Religious Moderation Attitudes among Students

This study explores the role of the Bai'at Santri at the Islamic Boarding School (Pesantren) of Pangalengan in strengthening religious moderation among students. To achieve these objectives, the research employs a qualitative method with a positivist approach, enabling an in-depth exploration of data within its natural context. Data were collected through triangulation techniques, and the analysis was conducted qualitatively using an inductive approach based on existing facts. The findings indicate that the Bai'at Santri at the pesantren is not an extremist ritual, but rather a pledge by students to adhere to the pesantren's rules and respect the values of Islamic moderation. This activity supports the indicators of religious moderation developed by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs, such as national commitment, tolerance, non-violence, and accommodation of local culture. Through Bai'at Santri, students are expected to develop moderate attitudes, which include understanding differences, applying just laws, and utilizing science and technology to solve problems. This study concludes that Bai'at Santri is proven to be an effective strategy in strengthening religious moderation at PPI 259. This activity not only fosters tolerance among students but also reinforces the integration of moderation values into daily life at the pesantren. Future research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of Bai'at Santri on the surrounding community and to analyze factors that can enhance the effectiveness of religious moderation programs at other pesantren. Additionally, the perspectives of students and alumni should be considered to gain deeper insights into the influence of Bai'at Santri on their attitudes and behaviors after leaving the pesantren.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of inpatients with cardiovascular disease regarding obstructive sleep apnea

There is a significant interrelationship between cardiovascular disease and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as they share common risk factors and comorbidities. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of inpatients with cardiovascular disease towards OSA. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January, 2022 and January, 2023 at Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University among inpatients with cardiovascular disease using a self-administered questionnaire. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess KAP, and the STOP-Bang questionnaire was applied to evaluate participants’ OSA risk. Spearman correlation and path analyses were conducted to explore relationships among KAP scores and high OSA risk. Subgroup analyses were conducted within the high-risk population identified by the STOP-Bang questionnaire. In a study analyzing 591 questionnaires, 66.33% were males. Mean scores were 6.81 ± 4.903 for knowledge, 26.84 ± 4.273 for attitude, and 14.46 ± 2.445 for practice. Path analysis revealed high risk of OSA positively impacting knowledge (β = 2.351, P < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.598, P < 0.001) towards OSA. Knowledge directly affected attitude (β = 0.544) and practice (β = 0.139), while attitude influenced practice (β = 0.266). Among high OSA risk individuals, knowledge directly impacted attitude (β = 0.645) and practice (β = 0.133). Knowledge indirectly influenced practice via attitude (β = 0.197). Additionally, attitude directly affected practice (β = 0.305). These findings provide insights into the interplay between OSA risk, knowledge, attitude, and practice. Inpatients with cardiovascular disease demonstrated inadequate knowledge, moderate attitude, and practice towards OSA. The findings highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions to improve awareness and management of OSA.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diabetic Patients Towards Periodontal Diseases in Zahedan

Background: This study was undertaken due to the high prevalence of periodontal diseases in diabetic patients and the known oral complications of diabetes mellitus. Besides, research on the periodontal diseases of diabetic patients and the relationship between these two conditions is inadequate in Zahedan, Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetic patients regarding periodontal diseases in the diabetes centers of Zahedan, Iran. Methods: This study with a descriptive-analytical method was questionnaire-based. The study population consisted of diabetic patients, aged ≥ 40 years, with at least 10 teeth (n = 80), who were selected by convenience sampling. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been measured in previous research. Data were first extracted from the questionnaires and then entered into SPSS version 24; for data analysis, statistical tests were performed. Results: The patients’ mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 5.73 ± 1.48, 19.40 ± 3.68, and 3.25 ± 1.47, respectively. Besides, 68.8% of the participants had a moderate level of knowledge, 81.3% had moderate attitudes, and 60% had a poor practice. Also, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were not significantly different in terms of demographic variables (age, sex, and education) (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetic patients regarding periodontal diseases is not at an acceptable level. Therefore, it is necessary to provide training and effective strategies to improve the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of these patients.

A Study To Assess The Knowledge And Attitude Regarding Mobile Phone Addiction &amp; Preventive Measures Among Undergraduate Hosteller Students Of Selected Colleges, Saharanpur

A study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding mobile phone addiction and is preventive measures among undergraduate hosteller in a selected college of Saharanpur, UP. Objective of the study are to assess the knowledge regarding mobile phone addiction and preventive measures among undergraduate hosteller students, to assess the attitude regarding mobile phone addiction and preventive measures among undergraduate hosteller students and to associate the knowledge and attitude score with their selected demographic variables. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the students who are undergraduate from hostels of selected college of Saharanpur. The sample size of the study was 200 undergraduate students. A descriptive design was used in this study. The standard tools were used to collect the data. The content validity and reliability were done. Based on objectives, the data was analyzed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. This study reveals that the majority of the students (80.5%) had moderate knowledge and (51%) had moderate attitude regarding mobile phone addiction and preventive measures.

Knowledge, attitudes, and support needs of obstetric and gynecological nurses and midwives toward perinatal mental health disorders screening in Central China: a multicenter cross-sectional survey.

The perinatal period is a time of increased vulnerability regarding maternal mental health status. Although guidelines and policies have been published for perinatal mental health disorders (PMHDs) screening in China, the knowledge, attitudes, and support needs of nurses and midwives toward implementing mental health screening programs during pregnancy remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge of PMHDs, attitudes and support needs related to implementing mental health screening during pregnancy among obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) nurses and midwives in the central region of China while identifying the related influencing factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 14 cities in Hubei, China, using convenience sampling from July to October 2023. The Chinese version of the Perinatal Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Perinatal Mental Health Attitudes Scale, and the Health Care Facilities Support Needs Scale were used to investigate the PMHDs knowledge, attitudes, and support needs of OB/GYN nurses and midwives, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. The average scores for knowledge, attitudes, and support needs were 6.09 ± 1.99 (total score: 13), 47.67 ± 8.80 (total score: 80), and 29.35 ± 4.66 (total score: 35), respectively. After adjusting for years of nursing experience and years of obstetrics and gynecology nursing experience, the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that having mental health-related education or work experience [adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.43, p = 0.01], being midwives (aOR = 1.78, p < 0.001), and working in specialist maternity hospitals (aOR = 1.55, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher knowledge scores; having mental health related education or work experience (aOR = 1.59, p = 0.014) and working in specialist maternity hospitals (aOR = 1.42, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with higher support needs scores. OB/GYN nurses and midwives demonstrated insufficient knowledge and moderate attitudes toward PMHDs screening, and have great support need for PMHDs screening. To address these issues, medical organizations and relevant government sectors should enhance training for nurses and midwives on PMHDs and provide professional support to promote routine maternal mental health screening programs and improve perinatal mental health outcomes.

Women's knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding cervical precancerous lesions: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China.

This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of women in Beijing regarding cervical precancerous lesions. This web-based, cross-sectional study included women at Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine between March 13, 2024 and April 9, 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to collect participants' demographic information and KAP scores toward cervical precancerous lesions. The study included 951 valid questionnaires, with a mean age of 40.0 years. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 12.55 ± 6.23 (possible range: 0-26), 50.66 ± 7.48 (possible range: 13-65), and 26.13 ± 4.98 (possible range: 7-35), respectively. The knowledge score (OR = 1.071, 95%CI: 1.040-1.103, p < 0.001), currently married (OR = 0.548, 95%CI: 0.304-0.985, p = 0.045), and with a history of HPV infection (OR = 2.302, 95%CI: 1.062-4.990, p = 0.035) were independently associated with the attitude score. The knowledge score (OR = 1.155, 95%CI: 1.119-1.192, p < 0.001), monthly income >20,000 (OR = 2.793, 95%CI: 1.249-6.248, p = 0.012), a history of HPV infection (OR = 0.380, 95%CI: 0.222-0.650, p < 0.001), unknown HPV infection status (OR = 0.289, OR = 0.177-0.473, p < 0.001), vaccinated against HPV (OR = 1.752, 95%CI: 1.221-2.514, p = 0.002), giving birth to one child (OR = 1.991, 95%CI: 1.186-3.341, p = 0.009), and giving birth to two or more children (OR = 2.160, 95%CI: 1.240-3.763, p = 0.007) were independently associated with the practice score. The structured equation model showed that knowledge directly influenced attitude (β = 0.237, p = 0.004) and practice (β = 0.490, p = 0.010). Attitude directly influenced practice (β = 0.193, p = 0.009). This study revealed inadequate knowledge, moderate attitude, and practice toward cervical precancerous lesions among women in Beijing. Educational interventions should be developed to enhance knowledge in this regard.

Empathy and LGBTI perspectives among university nursing students in Türkiye

ObjectiveThe research aims to understand the factors influencing nursing students' attitudes towards the LGBTI community, given the importance of culturally competent and inclusive care in healthcare. MethodA descriptive and relationship-seeking design was used. The study was completed by 386 nursing students. Data were collected with “Personal Information Form, LGBTI Attitude Scale (LGBTI-AS) and Toronto Empathy Scale (TEQ)”. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to identify predictors of attitudes towards LGBTI individuals among nursing students. ResultsThe total mean score of the Awareness to LGBTI Attitude Scale was 2.47 ± 1.0 (moderate attitudes). The findings revealed that female students and senior nursing students exhibited more positive attitudes, while those with friendships with LGBTI individuals and higher empathy levels showed greater acceptance and understanding towards the LGBTI community (p < 0.001). The results showed that 22 % of the total variance in the LGBTI attitude could be explained in model 3 (F = 27.43, R2 variation = 0.224, p = 0.001). ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of integrating LGBTI-related content into nursing curricula and promoting empathy-building activities. These findings underscore the significance of empathy in shaping positive attitudes and emphasize the need for comprehensive educational strategies to promote inclusivity in healthcare.

Evaluation of Nurses’ Attitudes toward Human Immuno Deficiency

Background: HIV nursing protocols, including rapid HIV testing, face weaknesses such as improper data collection and ambiguity. To reduce stigmatization, interventions should promote the adoption of nursing practices that influence stigmatization experiences. The International Nursing Network for HIV Research recommends collaboration, global partnerships, and scientific work to increase nurses' impact in HIV research. Nurses' experiences with HIV/AIDS patients can impact their health and the spread of the virus. Barriers to HIV treatment include lack of knowledge, demotivation, resistance, and lack of adherence to treatment guidelines. Nurse involvement in HIV prevention is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Objective(s): This study aims to evaluate nurses' attitudes toward human Immuno deficiency. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was conducted in 7 January 2024 to 7 May 2024, The study at Al Musayyib General Hospital in Babylon, Iraq, involved 100 nursing professionals in a health education program. The program aimed to improve nurses' understanding and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. The program's effectiveness was assessed through questionnaires. Results: The study found that nurses aged 23-less than 30 years, predominantly female, had moderate attitudes towards the human immunodeficiency virus. However, there was no significant relationship between nurses' attitudes and sociodemographic variables or professional variables such as education, years of experience, knowledge development, or participation in training courses. The majority of nurses were urban residents. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should therefore follow national infection prevention guidelines when working in hospitals. To increase nurses' understanding and proficiency in this area, policy designers ought to train them in infection prevention. Further research should include a qualitative study in order to obtain more detailed information. Recommendation: Institutions may enhance their knowledge of HIV care practices by conducting frequent training sessions for nursing staff, personalizing instructional materials, gauging and reviewing attitude levels, encouraging peer learning, and expanding the scope of research. In order to provide effective HIV care, this will assist nurses in expanding their knowledge and adjusting their attitude.

Evaluation of Nurses’ Attitudes toward Human Immuno Deficiency

Background: HIV nursing protocols, including rapid HIV testing, face weaknesses such as improper data collection and ambiguity. To reduce stigmatization, interventions should promote the adoption of nursing practices that influence stigmatization experiences. The International Nursing Network for HIV Research recommends collaboration, global partnerships, and scientific work to increase nurses' impact in HIV research. Nurses' experiences with HIV/AIDS patients can impact their health and the spread of the virus. Barriers to HIV treatment include lack of knowledge, demotivation, resistance, and lack of adherence to treatment guidelines. Nurse involvement in HIV prevention is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Objective(s): This study aims to evaluate nurses' attitudes toward human Immuno deficiency. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was conducted in 7 January 2024 to 7 May 2024, The study at Al Musayyib General Hospital in Babylon, Iraq, involved 100 nursing professionals in a health education program. The program aimed to improve nurses' understanding and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. The program's effectiveness was assessed through questionnaires. Results: The study found that nurses aged 23-less than 30 years, predominantly female, had moderate attitudes towards the human immunodeficiency virus. However, there was no significant relationship between nurses' attitudes and sociodemographic variables or professional variables such as education, years of experience, knowledge development, or participation in training courses. The majority of nurses were urban residents. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should therefore follow national infection prevention guidelines when working in hospitals. To increase nurses' understanding and proficiency in this area, policy designers ought to train them in infection prevention. Further research should include a qualitative study in order to obtain more detailed information. Recommendation: Institutions may enhance their knowledge of HIV care practices by conducting frequent training sessions for nursing staff, personalizing instructional materials, gauging and reviewing attitude levels, encouraging peer learning, and expanding the scope of research. In order to provide effective HIV care, this will assist nurses in expanding their knowledge and adjusting their attitude.