Moderate Anxiety Groups Research Articles

High Anxiety Levels before Elective Cesarean Section Can Negatively Affect the Mother and Fetus.

Both pregnancy and surgery cause anxiety. This situation may negatively affect the health of the mother and baby. The effect of anxiety level before cesarean section (CS) on feto-maternal outcomes was investigated. The preoperative anxiety score was determined with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in 224 pregnant women who were planned for elective CS. Among patients, 33.5% were in the low anxiety group, 27.2% in the moderate, and 39.3% in the high anxiety group. The average birth weight in the low anxiety group was noticeably higher than that of the high anxiety group (P = 0.018). The mean heart rate at postop 1st and 24th hour in the high anxiety group was higher than the moderate anxiety group (P < 0.028). In addition, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at the sixth hour in the low anxiety group was found to be lower than in the moderate anxiety group (P < 0.05). According to these results, it was found that an increased anxiety score before CS is associated with low birth weight in the baby, higher heart rate, and DBP in the mother.

Preoperatif Durumluk-Sürekli Anksiyete Düzeyi ve Uygulanan Anestezi Tekniğinin Postoperatif Bulantı ve Kusmaya Etkisi

Objective: It was aimed to determine the effect of preoperative anxiety levels and anesthesia of the patients on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods: This study was a cross sectional research. It was conducted with 323 patients at a state hospital between April-June 2022. Data were collected with Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of the patients were 50.5 ± 17.3 years, and 18.9% of them were treated in the general surgery ward. There was a significant difference in the development of PONV in the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) severe anxiety group compared to the mild anxiety group (p=0.031) and in the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) moderate anxiety group compared to the mild anxiety group (p=0.012). When anesthetic type was included in the model, there was a significant difference in the development of PONV between the STAI-S moderate and mild anxiety groups (p=0.006). State Anxiety Inventory scores were found to be effective in the group that received general and spinal anesthesia (p=0.013). Postoperative nausea and vomiting development was 41.2% in the moderate anxiety group and 21.7% in the mild anxiety group in the general and spinal anesthesia group. Conclusion: It was determined that undergoing general or spinal anesthesia increases the risk of developing PONV as the STAI-S score increases. Keywords: Surgery, anxiety, nausea, vomiting

THE EFFECT OF PREOPERATIVE ANXIETY ON HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS IN CESAREAN SECTION UNDER SPINAL ANESTHESIA

Purpose:Our aim of this study is to assess the effect of preoperative anxiety on intraoperative hypotension, postoperative recovery and maternal satisfaction in cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Methods:In this study,105 cesarean sections were included between aged of 18-45 and at 34-42 gestational weeks. Two different scales were used for the anxiety evaluation performed 1 hour before the operation, including STAI (I-II) anxiety score and Verbal Analoque scale (VAS). It was evaluated as low, moderate and high anxiety according to the scores obtained: low (20-37), moderate (38-44) and high (45-80) for STAI and low (0-3), moderate (4-6) and high (7-10) for VAS. During the operation, haemodynamic parameters were monitored at 5,10,15,20,30 minutes. In the post-operative first day, STAI-I, VAS, Post-Cesarean Mother Satisfaction Scale (PCMSS) and Post-Cesarean Recovery Scale (PCRS) were also evaluated. Results:In the evaluation of preoperative STAI -I and VAS anxiety scores, it was observed that the majority of cases had moderate anxiety group (61.9%, and 45.7%). There was no significant correlation between preoperative STAI-I, STAI-II, VAS anxiety levels and SSAM, SSDS in our study. There was a negative correlation between postoperative VAS anxiety scores and SSAM but this was not significant. In our study, no significant difference was found in umbilical cord pH values in different anxiety levels. In preoperative high VAS levels, MBP decreased significantly in 30 minutes, and also vasopressor requirement decreased significantly in preoperative low VAS anxiety levels (p

Evaluation of the relationship between anxiety levels and dental appearance.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between personal traits, dental anxiety level and dental appearance of the individuals. The study included 431 individuals who completed State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form (STAI-T) and Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) questionnaires during their first appointment at the orthodontic clinic. The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) index scoring was performed using intraoral frontal photographs by an orthodontist. According to the STAI-T scores, three anxiety groups were formed: mild, moderate, and severe. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for intergroup comparisons. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between STAI-T, CDAS, and ICON scores. It was found that 38.28% of the participants had mild, 34.1% had severe, and 27.62% had moderate anxiety levels. CDAS score was significantly lower in the mild anxiety group (p ≤ 0.0001) compared to the groups showing moderate and severe anxiety. There was no significant difference between the moderate and severe anxiety groups. ICON score was significantly higher in the severe anxiety group (p ≤ 0.0001) than the other groups. It was also significantly higher in the moderate anxiety group (p ≤ 0.0001) than in the mild anxiety group. There was a significant positive correlation between STAI-T and both CDAS and ICON scores. There was no significant correlation between CDAS and ICON scores. Dental appearance had a significant effect on the general anxiety of individuals. Improving the dental appearance with orthodontic treatments can have positive effects on reducing anxiety. The low level of dental anxiety in individuals with a high need for treatment will facilitate the work of the orthodontist in the procedures to be applied.

Effects of Preoperative Anxiety Status on Haemodynamic Changes during and after Tooth Extraction in Middle-aged and Elderly Patients with Hypertension: a Prospective Repeated-Measures Cohort Study.

To investigate the effects of dental anxiety on fluctuations in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during tooth extraction in hypertensive patients under local anaesthesia, and how they are influenced by various confounding variables. This is a prospective repeated-measures cohort study involving 600 patients successively recruited from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China. BP and HR were repeatedly measured at rest (T0), before anaesthesia (T1), during tooth extraction (T2) and after tooth extraction (T3). Anxiety status was measured prior to local anaesthesia using a modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS). Three groups were assigned: mild anxiety (Corah DAS score of 4 to 8), moderate anxiety (score of 9 to 12) and severe anxiety (score of 13 to 20). We used a generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) to analyse the effects of dental anxiety on fluctuations in BP and HR. Interaction analysis was used to further explore the correlationship between these interactive factors. The mean anxiety scale score was 9.63 ± 2.88. Severe preoperative anxiety (score of 14 to 20) was associated with significantly increased HR during administration of anaesthesia. Patients with severe anxiety also displayed a significantly greater increase in HR during anaesthetic administration (P < 0.001). When analysing the joint effects of different anxiety statuses over time, blood pressure was significantly elevated in all patients with moderate and severe anxiety during tooth extraction at T2 (β = 1.25, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.27). We also observed a significant decrease in HR in the moderate anxiety group at T3 (β = -1.51, 95% CI -2.38 to -0.63) and a significant increase in HR in the severe anxiety group at T1, T2 and T3 (β = 2.52, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.93; β = 3.84, 95% CI 2.30 to 5.38; β = 4.57, 95% CI 3.03 to 6.11, respectively). This study indicates that the effects of dental anxiety on BP and HR in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension during local anaesthesia and tooth extraction were influenced by various confounding variables.

Death-related anxiety associated with riskier decision-making irrespective of framing: A Bayesian model comparison

A commonly reported finding is that anxious individuals are less likely to make risky decisions. However, no studies have examined whether this association extends to death-related anxiety. The present study examined how groups low, moderate, and high in death-related anxiety make decisions with varying levels of risk. Participants completed a series of hypothetical bets in which the probability of a win was systematically manipulated. High-anxiety individuals displayed the greatest risk-taking behavior, followed by the moderate-anxiety group, with the low-anxiety group being most risk-averse. Experiment 2 tested this association further by framing outcomes in terms of losses, rather than gains. A similar pattern was observed with both positive and negative framing. In contrast to findings with trait anxiety, the present results suggest that death-related anxiety is positively associated with risky decision-making – an effect that holds regardless of how options are framed. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that Bayesian modeling can provide very accurate predictions for economic decision-making behavior.

Investigating the relationship between the foreign language reading anxiety and reading proficiency: a case study of preparatory year students at the University of Jeddah

This study is an in-depth analysis on the association between the anxiety experienced known as Foreign Language Reading Anxiety (FLRA) and the proficiency in reading exhibited by the preparatory year students. The Saudi learners from the science and arts stream and the gender were also considered as the moderator variables for this study. A mixed group of 84 students from both the genders of the preparatory year studying English at the Institution of Languages from the University of Jeddah were considered as the variables for this research. The participants were measured on as 20-item Likert-style Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale and examined by undergoing a 20-item proficiency test in reading a comprehension and a demographic questionnaire. The data was analyzed by applying The Pearson product moment correlation, t-Test, and descriptive analysis. The results indicated that the anxiety level while reading had varied values from moderate to high most of the respondents in the test were found to be in the moderate anxiety group. In addition, a notable negative relationship was found to be existing between the FLRA and the reading proficiency. The association existing between the foreign language reading anxiety and the group field was identified in this study. Analyzing the concept considering the gender, the female students were identified to experience more anxiety compared to the male students involved in the study. The findings of this study are advantageous to the language teachers and the curriculum planners too. It enables them to decrease the deteriorating and weakening factors in the classroom and thereby improve the reading ability of the language learners’. Reducing the reading anxiety amongst the learners can be achieved by exposing the language learners to understandable reading texts and familiarize them with cultural texts. This in turn develops the learners’ self-confidence and motivates them to be better readers.

Rightward Shift of Two-Channel NIRS-Defined Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Mental Arithmetic Tasks with Increasing Levels of State Anxiety

This study was aimed at clarifying the effect of different levels of state anxiety caused by mental arithmetic tasks on the anxiety- and/or task performance-related activation of the frontopolar prefrontal cortex (PFC). Twenty-six healthy male subjects performed two sets of mental arithmetic tasks, which consisted of two difficulty levels. Anxiety levels were evaluated subjectively by the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form JYZ (STAI). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements revealed greater levels of oxyhemoglobin in the frontopolar PFC during experimental tasks. When the subjects were divided into three anxiety groups based on STAI scores, arithmetic task performance was reduced in the moderate and high state anxiety groups compared the low state anxiety group during the experimental task, but not in the control task. Increased frontopolar PFC activity during the experimental task was observed on either side in the moderate anxiety group. The laterality of frontopolar PFC activity in moderate and high state anxiety groups shifted from left to right dominance, independent of task difficulty. Our findings suggested that reduced task performance increased the difficulty of the arithmetic tasks and was involved in the state anxiety-associated rightward lateralization of the frontopolar PFC.

THE EFFECTS OF COMPETITION ON HEART RATE AND TASK PERFORMANCE IN THE MIRROR DRAWING TEST

The aims of the present study were to elucidate the effects of competitive situatioin on heart rate and task performance in the mirror drawing test.The subjects were forty junior college women. In accordance with the score of Taylor's MAS, two groups of the anxiety level; high anxiety group (N=20), moderate anxiety group (N=20) were set. They were tested on the mirror drawing test under the non-competitive and competitive conditions. After the test, Buss-Derkee's HGS and other questionnaire were carried out. The results indicated that:1. Under the competitive condition, heart rate increased in both high and moderate anxiety groups, and there was no difference betweentwo grovps. The speed of the mirror drawing test increased under the competitive condition, but the accuracy was impaired. It was conspicuous in moderate anxiety group.2. Under the competitive condition, there was difference between heart rate in high and low aggression groups (respectively, N=8) divided by HGS. Heart rate in low aggr ssion group increased greater than that in high aggression group.