Moderate And Vigorous Physical Activity Research Articles

Associations of activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors with prevalent steatotic liver disease in middle-aged and older adults: the ELSA-Brasil study

BackgroundSteatotic liver disease (SLD) is a prevalent metabolic disease. While single component movement behaviors have been related to its development, comprehensive assessments of their joint associations are scarce.ObjectiveTo investigate the single-component and multi-component associations of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep with prevalent SLD in Brazilian adults.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis using data from the third wave of the ELSA-Brasil cohort (2017–2019). Participants wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT in the waist for seven days and completed a sleep diary. SLD was defined by a Fatty Liver Index ≥ 60. To investigate single-component and multi-component associations, we used three exposure modeling approaches based on Poisson models: multivariable-adjusted regression, restricted cubic splines, and compositional data analysis.ResultsAmong 8569 participants (55.7% women, mean age 59.2 ± 8.60), 43.9% had SLD. Total activity volume adjusted for covariates was inversely associated with prevalent SLD. Every 1 mg/day increase in total activity volume was associated with a PR of 0.95 in individuals sleeping < 7 h/day (95% CI 0.94–0.97) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.93–0.96) in those sleeping ≥ 7 h/day. Increasing 30 min/day of MVPA was associated with decreasing prevalence of SLD (sleep ≥ 7 h/day [PR 0.83; 95% CI 0.77–0.89]; sleep ≥ 7 h/day [PR 0.78; 95% CI 0.74–0.83]). Sleep, SB, and LPA were not associated with SLD. Associations of total activity volume and MVPA were more pronounced among females. Adjustment with adiposity markers attenuated the associations.ConclusionsIn adults, total activity volume and MVPA were inversely associated with SLD in a dose–response fashion. Substituting lower-intensity behaviors with MVPA was associated with a lower prevalence of SLD independent of sleep duration, sex, and age.

DIGITAL EXERCISE PLATFORMS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic promoted social isolation and the consequent reduction of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and increased sedentary behavior (SB). As a strategy to change the reduction MVPA chart and increase SB, digital platforms to exercises (DPE) became more popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: Verify if there are differences in physical activity (walking time and MVPA) and sedentary behavior (week, weekend, and all week) between women who used DPE and did not use (No DPE) during the pandemic. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. Women over 18 years old from all federative units and all regions of Brazil were invited to participate in this study through a link sent via email and social networks. Participation occurred by completing the online questionnaires [Demographic Characteristics, Physical Activity, and SB (International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ)]. The IPAQ is a tool widely used and validated for the Brazilian population and has high correlations with direct measures of physical activity. Results: A total of 2.385 women answered the questionnaire (predominance single women, incomplete university education, and monthly income &lt;US$450). Our main finding was that the group DPE during the COVID-19 pandemic had more (p&lt;0.0001) walking time (minutes per week) [DPE: 90 (30-180) vs. no DPE: 40 (0-120), and MVPA [DPE: 180 (60-420) vs. no DPE: 100 (0-320). Additionally, differences (p&lt;0.0001) in SB during the week (hour per day) [DPE: 5 (2-7) vs. no DPE: 6 (3-8)], SB during the weekend [DPE: 5 (2-8) vs. no DPE: 6 (3-9)] and SB all the week [DPE: 5 (3-7) vs. No DPE: 6 (4-9)]. Conclusions: Our results indicate that women who use DPE demonstrate higher physical activity levels and lower SB than those who do not.

Adolescents’ attitudes, habits, identity and social support in relation to physical activity after the COVID-19 pandemic

This study focuses on adolescents’ cognitive processes, behaviors and social support (SS) as they relate to physical activity (PA) before and after the pandemic. The aims of the study were: (1) to investigate the changes in adolescents’ engagement in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and examine the changes in PA-related attitudes and behaviors before and after the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) to analyze the correlations between the significant changes that were found, PA engagement, and SS. The survey targeted third-year middle school students of Italian nationality, attending male and female mixed classes, residents in urban, periphery and sub-urban areas, living in families with different incomes, and different habits of engaging in PA. A longitudinal study was developed using a standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered in April–May 2023 to a sample of 952 students aged 11/14 residing in the Marche region in Central Italy. Increasing values were found in the post-COVID-19 phase for all the cognitive processes and attitudes, in particular, those regarding habits (0.66 vs 0.50, + 32%) and identity (0.70 vs 0.55, + 27%) related to PA. Significant correlations were found between these values and VPA engagement and between the values of the same indicators and SS (p < 0.01). The strongest relationship was found with the dimension of identity (r = 0.51; r = 054).

Abstract PO4-12-09: National Physical Activity Guidelines and It’s Association with Fatigue in Patients with Breast Cancer Pre- and Post-Chemotherapy in a Prospective, Nationwide Study

Abstract Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most pervasive side effects of cancer and its treatment, reported by nearly 90% of patients. Physical activity (PA) during treatment may prevent or lessen CRF burden. Current aerobic PA guidelines for cancer patients recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate PA or 75 minutes of vigorous PA or some equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA). Many patients have difficulty meeting these guidelines during treatment, however, meeting these guidelines may not be necessary to alleviate CRF. This study evaluated patterns of PA below the recommended guidelines and their association with CRF in cancer patients during treatment. Methods: In a nationwide, prospective cohort study of patients with stage I-IIIC breast cancer (n=580) we assessed the relationship between self-reported PA (Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study PA) and CRF (Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory, MFSI) pre- and post-chemotherapy. Spearman correlations were utilized to evaluate the association of all PA (MET hr/wk) and MVPA (MET hr/wk) with overall CRF (total MFSI) and 5 CRF subdimensions (general, physical, emotional, mental CRF and vigor) at pre- and post-chemotherapy. ANCOVA estimated mean CRF score according to whether patients weekly MVPA (1) met 100% of the PA guidelines, (2) met 50%-99% of the PA guidelines (75-149 minutes), or (3) did not meet 50% of the PA guidelines (&amp;lt; 75 minutes). Results: Pre-chemotherapy, only 34% of participants met the PA guidelines, post-chemotherapy, only 21% of patients met the PA guidelines. At both time points, we observed small to moderate inverse correlations of MVPA with overall CRF and several subdimensions of CRF (Table 1; r = -0.11, -0.19). Pre-chemotherapy, those who did not meet 50% of the PA guidelines report significantly higher total CRF compared to those who met the PA guidelines (12.5 ± 1.2 vs 5.3 ± 1.5; p&amp;lt; 0.001). However, those who met only 50%-99% of the PA guidelines, had comparable total CRF to those who fully met the PA guidelines (7.2 ± 2.2; p=0.474). A similar pattern was observed for the subdimensions general, mental, and physical CRF. Those who met 50% of the guidelines also had significantly lower vigor compared to those who met the guidelines (11.9 ± 0.3 vs 13.8 ± 0.4; p&amp;lt; 0.001), while those who met 50%-99% of the guidelines had comparable vigor to those who fully met guidelines (13.1 ± 0.6; p=0.278). Post-chemotherapy CRF was higher among all patient’s, again there was no significant difference in total, general, physical CRF and vigor between those who met the PA guidelines and those who met 50%-99% of the PA guidelines. Conclusions: All PA was consistently inversely associated with CRF pre- and post-chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer. Current minimum aerobic PA guidelines for patients with cancer are difficult to achieve during treatment. Lower doses of MVPA than the current PA guidelines suggest may provide equal benefit and represent a more achievable goal for patients with cancer. Table 1: Spearman correlations of CRF and physical activity in patients with breast cancer pre- and post-chemotherapy. Table 2: ANCOVA; Mean CRF score according to the PA guidelines. Citation Format: Lindsey Mattick, Hongying Sun, Karen Mustian, Luke Peppone, AnnaLynn Williams, Po-Ju Lin, Evelyn Arana, Jeremy McGuire, Amarinthia Curtis, Alison Conlin, Lora Weiselberg, Michelle Janelsins. National Physical Activity Guidelines and It’s Association with Fatigue in Patients with Breast Cancer Pre- and Post-Chemotherapy in a Prospective, Nationwide Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-12-09.

Construction of the "Full Path" of restorative effects on older adults' mental health in parks under seasonal differences: taking Changchun as an example.

With the aging and older adults' mental health problems in China, more attention has been paid to the restorative environment. As an important restorative environment in the city, the mental health restorative effect of park environment has been confirmed. However, further exploration is needed to determine whether winter parks have positive effects, their differences from non-winter parks, and the specific pathways of these effects. Therefore, this study constructed a "full path" for the restorative effects of older adults' mental health in parks under seasonal differences, including four components: perceived environment, affective feedback, behavioral feedback, and restorative effect, forming four pathways. Based on this, this study obtained 211 and 240 sample data in winter and non-winter parks, and verified the validity of various hypotheses and mediation paths using structural equation models. It found that: (1) overall restorative effects existed in different seasons; (2) in winter, perceived environmental assessment was not a direct antecedent of restorative effects, and affective feedback and Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) feedback were important mediating factors, and the chain mediated pathway existed; (3) in non-winter, both direct, indirect and chain mediated effects existed, and affective feedback and Low Physical Activity (LPA) feedback were important mediating factors. Based on this, this study divided parks into "affective inducing" and "behavioral promoting" types, and proposed corresponding planning priorities to positively intervene in planning and design practices.

Sleep, physical activity, and psychological outcomes in children and adolescents with pediatric onset multiple sclerosis.

Sleep, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SED) have bidirectional associations with mental health in children. The relationships among sleep, PA, SED, with depressive and fatigue symptoms have not been investigated in Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis (POMS) but are needed to inform sleep and PA behavior change interventions. (1) To describe sleep quality including: sleep efficiency, latency, total sleep time, number of awakenings, time in bed, and wake after sleep onset using actigraphy in children and adolescents ages 11 to 18 diagnosed with POMS, and to compare these sleep metrics to those of an age- and sex-matched non-MS group (2) To examine the relationship between time spent in sedentary, light (LIPA), moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), sleep quality, with depression, fatigue, and quality of life in children and adolescents with POMS and an age and sex matched non-MS group. A cross-sectional study recruited children and adolescents with POMS ages 11 to 18 years followed at a tertiary pediatric hospital (Toronto, Canada) and an age and sex matched non-MS group from the general population. Participants were consented prior to initiation of study procedures. Participants wore an Actiwatch monitor and GT3X accelerometer and completed standardized questionnaires validated to capture data on sleep disturbances, depression, fatigue, and quality of life. Objective sleep data were collected using an Actiwatch including sleep efficiency, total sleep time, number of awakenings, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep latency. A GT3X accelerometer was used to collect PA data including time spent in SED, light (LPA), and moderate to vigorous (MVPA) PA. Correlational analyses and tests of difference were used to compare the groups. 25 POMS (21F; 16.6 years ±1.1 yrs., median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) =1.5, IQR=1) and 25 Non-MS (22 F; 16±1.3 yrs.) took part. POMS had higher BMI (T= -5.1, P<0.001) compared to Non-MS. No differences in sleep efficiency (MS mean=87%, vs. 88%) sleep time (MS Mean=7.3hrs. vs. 7.4hrs.,), WASO (MS mean=37 mins. vs. 36 mins), latency (MS mean=15 mins vs. 11 mins), SED (MS mean =763 mins. vs. 730 mins) or PA (MS, mean LPA=68 mins. vs 60 mins; MS mean MVPA=12.7 mins. vs. 12.4 mins). Within POMS, higher sleep efficiency was associated with more SED (SR= 0.4, p=0.05), while higher sleep efficiency was associated with less SED in Non-MS (SR=-0.7, p< 0.0). In children with POMS, less sleep time, shorter sleep onset latency and more WASO was associated with more SED (SR range=-0.45 to -0.58, P< 0.01). Higher sleep efficiency was associated with less fatigue. Less WASO was associated with lower depression, lower fatigue (SR=0.67, p<0.01) and better quality of life (SR= -0.6, p<0.01). Greater LPA was associated with lower sleep onset latency (-0.45, p<0.05). Children with POMS did not differ in Actiwatch monitored sleep quality metrics. However, within the POMS group sleep quality was associated with better fatigue, depression and QOL. Further, total sleep time, WASO and latency associated with time spent SED and LPA, which independently associate with mental health outcome. Longitudinal work should determine the temporal associations between WASO, sleep latency, sleep time, PA, and mental health outcomes and whether reallocation of specific sleep or PA behaviors (time to sleep, total sleep time, sedentary to MVPA) result in improved depression fatigue, or quality of life in children and adolescents with POMS.

The Influence of Social Support on Leisure-Time Physical Activity of the Elderly in the Chinese Village of Fuwen.

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of social support factors with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) of older people in Fuwen village. A cross-sectional study included 523 randomly selected elderly people (60+ years) whose LTPA levels were determined using the shortened version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-S). A modified version of the Physical Activity Social Support Scale (PASSS) was operated to gather perceived scores of the social support factors. A multivariate linear regression was performed to locate associations of perceived scores of social supports with leisure-time walking (LTW) and moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The results indicated that social support from family was positively and significantly related to LTW and MVPA in both models. The community factor was positively and significantly correlated with MVPA in both models. The sport club factor was related to LTW and MVPA to some extent. The results suggest that social support from family is the most important motivator for older people's LTW and MVPA in the village of Fuwen. Social support from the community is the motivator for older people's MVPA. The sport club factor has some effects on older people's LTW and MVPA as well. More future studies are needed to extend the database of the relationship between social support and rural older people's physical activity.

Physical activity level in physical education among 13-year-old Norwegian adolescents

Physical education (PE) provides opportunities for adolescents’ structured and regular physical activity (PA). The aims of this study were to examine how much of the PE time 13-year-old students were in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) level and differences between boys and girls PA level at PE. Furthermore, to examine associations between 13-year-old students’ MVPA level in PE, and minutes of weekly PE, general weekly MVPA, gender, and sport participation. To examine the aims of the study, 200 students used accelerometers for a week, and answered a questionnaire. A main finding was that PE only makes a minor contribution to youths’ fulfilment of PA recommendations, by comprising 4% of the adolescents general weekly PA level. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the students were in MVPA only 24% of the PE time. The boys had a higher general activity level in PE than girls, and lower sedentary activity and higher moderate activity in PE, compared to girls. Finally, the results showed that the MVPA level in PE was positively associated with more weekly minutes of PE, and activity level in general. Considering our findings, we argue that the PA level at PE contributes relatively little the adolescents’ general weekly MVPA level, and therefore, PE should primarily be viewed as a tool to inspire exploration and learning, and the joy of movement in and through various physical activities among both genders, and not primarily as a source for adolescents PA.

Genetic insights into the causal relationship between physical activity and cognitive functioning

Physical activity and cognitive functioning are strongly intertwined. However, the causal relationships underlying this association are still unclear. Physical activity can enhance brain functions, but healthy cognition may also promote engagement in physical activity. Here, we assessed the bidirectional relationships between physical activity and general cognitive functioning using Latent Heritable Confounder Mendelian Randomization (LHC-MR). Association data were drawn from two large-scale genome-wide association studies (UK Biobank and COGENT) on accelerometer-measured moderate, vigorous, and average physical activity (N = 91,084) and cognitive functioning (N = 257,841). After Bonferroni correction, we observed significant LHC-MR associations suggesting that increased fraction of both moderate (b = 0.32, CI95% = [0.17,0.47], P = 2.89e − 05) and vigorous physical activity (b = 0.22, CI95% = [0.06,0.37], P = 0.007) lead to increased cognitive functioning. In contrast, we found no evidence of a causal effect of average physical activity on cognitive functioning, and no evidence of a reverse causal effect (cognitive functioning on any physical activity measures). These findings provide new evidence supporting a beneficial role of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on cognitive functioning.

The Effects of Winter Parks in Cold Regions on Cognition Recovery and Emotion Improvement of Older Adults: An Empirical Study of Changchun Parks.

Urban parks are one of the primary settings for older adults to exercise, and their health benefits have been confirmed by a large number of studies. However, with the increased social attention to mental health, there is not enough research on the short-term mental health recovery of older adults in parks. Meanwhile, the health recovery effects of winter parks in special climate areas have not been well explored. This study aimed to explore the effects of winter parks in cold regions on the short-term mental health recovery of older adults and the potential predictors of these effects, including individual status, park characteristics, and behavioral characteristics. This study divided short-term mental health recovery into cognitive recovery and emotional improvement, and selected the digit span test and 10 kinds of emotional expression as the experimental methods, recruited 92 older adults from 6 parks in Changchun, and compared the pre-test and post-test results for evaluation. The results showed that winter parks in cold cities still had short-term cognitive recovery and emotional improvement effects on older adults. The main park characteristic factors affecting the overall cognitive recovery were the evergreen vegetation area and the existence of structures, and that which affected the overall emotional improvement was the main pathway length. Furthermore, individual conditions, including gender, age, physical health, living and customary conditions, and park characteristics, including park type, park area, main pathway length, square area, equipment area, evergreen vegetation area, the presence of water, and structures, all related to short-term mental health recovery effects. Among behavioral characteristics, stay time in parks and MVPA (Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity) times were also related to certain effects, but behavior type was not.

Exploring the associations of daily movement behaviours and mid-life cognition: a compositional analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study

BackgroundMovement behaviours (eg, sedentary behaviour (SB), moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light intensity physical activity (LIPA) and sleep) are linked to cognition, yet the relative importance of each component...

Association between Intensity Levels of Physical Activity and Glucose Variability among Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

The purpose of this investigation was to test the relationship between physical activity intensity levels and glucose variability in a sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and if the amount of time accumulated for each intensity level is predictive of changes in glucose variability. Glucose variability was determined using continuous glucose monitor data and physical activity intensity time was retrieved through Fitabase®. Both glucose and physical activity data were collected over a two-week timeframe. Data analysis was completed using Pearson's correlation and a simple linear regression with a p-value of 0.05 to determine significance. A significant inverse relationship was observed (p = 0.04) between glucose variability and average minutes of daily moderate-intensity activity (r = -0.59), as well as moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) combined (r = -0.86; p = 0.03). A simple linear regression indicated that only MVPA was a significant predictor of glucose variability (β = -0.12; 95% CI: -0.23--0.01, p = 0.03). These data demonstrated that the total amount of daily physical activity is important when properly managing type 1 diabetes mellitus, but time spent in MVPA over two weeks may have an inverse relationship with glucose variability in children and adolescents over a span of two weeks.

Association of Soyfoods or Soybean Products Consumption with Psychological Symptoms: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study of Chinese University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

There is a strong association between soyfoods or soybean product consumption and adolescent health, but there are few studies on the association between soyfoods or soybean product consumption and psychological symptoms among university students. To this end, this study investigated the association between soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms among Chinese university students and analyzed the association between them. A three-stage stratified whole-group sampling method was used to administer questionnaires on soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms to 7742 university students in China. Self-assessment questionnaires were also administered to confounding variables such as basic demographic information, family status, parental education, body mass index (BMI), and moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the association and differences between soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms. The proportion of Chinese university students' soyfoods or soybean products consumption in ≤one time/week, two-four times/week, and ≥five times/week were 38.81%, 40.24%, and 20.95%, respectively. University students' psychological symptoms problem detection rate was 16.22%. The detection rate of psychological symptoms was lower among university male students (14.75%) than female students (17.35%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 9.525, p < 0.01). After adjusting for relevant covariates, students with soyfoods or soybean products consumption ≤one time/week (OR = 1.83, 95% CI:1.52, 2.21) had a higher risk of psychological symptoms compared to university students with soyfoods or soybean products consumption ≥five time/week (p < 0.01). During the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese university students had lower consumption of soyfoods or soybean products and a higher detection rate of psychological symptoms. There was a negative association between soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms. Our study provides a scientific reference for the government and educational decision-making authorities and suggests that education on eating behavior and dietary guidance should be emphasized among university students in the future to maintain a reasonable consumption of soyfoods or soybean products for better physical and mental health development.

Associations of device-measured physical activity and sedentary time with quality of life and fatigue in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients: Baseline results from the AMBER cohort study.

This study examined associations of device-measured physical activity and sedentary time with quality of life (QOL) and fatigue in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in the Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer (AMBER) cohort study. After diagnosis, 1409 participants completed the SF-36 version 2 and the Fatigue Scale, wore an ActiGraph device on their right hip to measure physical activity, and an activPAL device on their thigh to measure sedentary time (sitting/lying) and steps. ActiGraph data was analyzed using a hybrid machine learning method (R Sojourn package, Soj3x) and activPAL data were analyzed using activPAL algorithms (PAL Software version 8). Quantile regression was used to examine cross-sectional associations of QOL and fatigue with steps, physical activity, and sedentary hours at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the QOL and fatigue distributions. Total daily moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) hours was positively associated with better physical QOL at the 25th (β=2.14, p = <.001), 50th (β=1.98, p = <.001), and 75th percentiles (β=1.25, p=.003); better mental QOL at the 25th (β=1.73, p=.05) and 50th percentiles (β=1.07, p=.03); and less fatigue at the 25th (β=4.44, p<.001), 50th (β=3.08, p = <.001), and 75th percentiles (β=1.51, p = <.001). Similar patterns of associations were observed for daily steps. Total sedentary hours was associated with worse fatigue at the 25th (β=-0.58, p=.05), 50th (β=-0.39, p=.06), and 75th percentiles (β=-0.24, p=.02). Sedentary hours were not associated with physical or mental QOL. MVPA and steps were associated with better physical and mental QOL and less fatigue in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Higher sedentary time was associated with greater fatigue symptoms.

Association of daily and time-segmented physical activity and sedentary behaviour with mental health of school children and adolescents from rural Northeastern Ontario, Canada.

Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SED) have been linked to the mental health of children and adolescents, yet the timing of behaviours may play a role in this relationship and clarifying this could inform interventions. We explored cross-sectional associations of PA and SED in varying time segments throughout the school day with the mental health of school-aged children and adolescents from rural Northeastern Ontario, Canada. A total of 161 students (56% female, M = 10.3 years old) wore accelerometers for 8 days (7 nights) and completed a self-report survey (parent reported for children younger than 11). Mental health was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Accelerometer-measured SED, light PA (LPA), and moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) were estimated in the time-segments before school (06:00-08:44), school time (08:45-15:04), after school (15:05-16:59), and evenings (17:00-21:59). Associations were tested with multilevel linear regressions while adjusting for confounding factors. Students spent 72.6 min in MVPA, 209.0 min in LPA, and 621.0 min in SED per day. Daily SED was associated with less conduct problems (β = -0.27, p < 0.05). Evening LPA was inversely associated with hyperactivity (β = -1.45, p < 0.05), while SED was associated with hyperactivity and with peer problems before school (β = 1.70 and β = 1.01, respectively, p < 0.05), and during school (β = -0.83 and β = -0.57, respectively, p < 0.05). No associations were observed for MVPA, emotional symptoms, or prosocial behaviour. In conclusion, displacing SED with LPA in some specific periods of the day may benefit the mental health of students; taking this into account could strengthen interventions.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Primary School Children in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Association with Parents' Behaviors.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a few studies used accelerometers to assess physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in the family context. This study aimed to assess children and parents’ moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time, as well as their relationship in MVPA and sedentary time. Data were collected from 30 parent–child dyads during the COVID-pandemic for seven days, using a hip-worn accelerometer. Children and parents engaged in 65.6 and 34.6 min/day in MVPA and 442.2 and 427.9 min/day sedentary, respectively. There was no evidence of gender difference in MVPA and sedentary between boys and girls. Male parent spent more time in MVPA than female parents. A total of 50% of children and 53.3% of parents met the recommended PA. Children’s MVPA and sedentary time were both correlated with that of their parents. Adjusted linear regression showed that only child MVPA was negatively associated with their parents’ MVPA. There is evidence that multi-level interventions involving parents and children are more effective than interventions focusing on a single group. This study also provides evidence to support the link between MVPA and sedentary time between parents and children. Generalization of the findings is difficult due to the bias of self-selection sample.

Changes in physical activity after joining a bikeshare program: a cohort of new bikeshare users

BackgroundThere are hundreds of bikeshare programs worldwide, yet few health-related evaluations have been conducted. We enrolled a cohort of new bikeshare members in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania, USA) to assess whether within-person moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) increased with higher use of the program and whether effects differed for vulnerable sub-groups.MethodsDuring 2015–2018, 1031 new members completed baseline and one-year follow-up online surveys regarding their personal characteristics and past 7-day MVPA minutes per week (minutes per week with- and without walking). Participants were linked to their bikeshare trips to objectively assess program use. Negative binomial (for continuous outcomes) and multinomial (for categorical outcomes) regression adjusted for person characteristics (socio-demographics, health), weather, biking-infrastructure, and baseline biking.ResultsParticipant median age was 30, 25% were of Black or Latino race/ethnicity, and 30% were socioeconomically disadvantaged. By follow-up, personal bike ownership increased and 75% used bikeshare, although most used it infrequently. Per 10 day change in past year (PY) bikeshare use, non-walking MVPA min/wk increased 3% (roughly 6 min/wk, P < 0.014). More days of bikeshare was also associated with change from inactive to more active (odds ratio for ≥ 15 days in PY vs. no bikeshare use 1.80, CI 1.05–3.09, P < 0.03). Results were consistent across vulnerable sub-groups. In general, impacts on MVPA were similar when exposure was personal bike or bikeshare.ConclusionsBikeshare facilitated increases in cycling, slightly increased non-walking MVPA, and showed potential for activating inactive adults; however, for larger program impact, members will need to use it more frequently.

The Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention Supported by the InterWalk Smartphone App on Increasing Physical Activity Among Persons With Type 2 Diabetes: Parallel-Group, Randomized Trial.

BackgroundEffective and sustainable implementation of physical activity (PA) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) health care has in general not been successful. Efficacious and contemporary approaches to support PA adherence and adoption are required.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of including an app-based (InterWalk) approach in municipality-based rehabilitation to increase moderate-and-vigorous PA (MVPA) across 52 weeks compared with standard care among individuals with T2D.MethodsThe study was designed as a parallel-group, randomized trial with 52 weeks’ intervention and subsequent follow-up for effectiveness (52 weeks from baseline). Participants were recruited between January 2015 and December 2016 and randomly allocated (2:1) into 12 weeks of (1) standard care + InterWalk app–based interval walking training (IWT; IWT group; n=140), or (2) standard care + the standard exercise program (StC group; n=74). Following 12 weeks, the IWT group was encouraged to maintain InterWalk app–based IWT (3 times per week for 30-60 minutes) and the StC group was encouraged to maintain exercise without structured support. Moreover, half of the IWT group (IWTsupport group, n=54) received additional motivational support following the 12-week program until 52-week follow-up. The primary outcome was change in objectively measured MVPA time (minutes/day) from baseline to 52-week follow-up. Key secondary outcomes included changes in self-rated physical and mental health–related quality of life (HRQoL), physical fitness, weight, and waist circumference.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 59.6 (SD 10.6) years and 128/214 (59.8%) were men. No changes in MVPA time were observed from baseline to 52-week follow-up in the StC and IWT groups (least squares means [95% CI] 0.6 [–4.6 to 5.8] and –0.2 [–3.8 to 3.3], respectively) and no differences were observed between the groups (mean difference [95% CI] –0.8 [–8.1 to 6.4] minutes/day; P=.82). Physical HRQoL increased by a mean of 4.3 (95% CI 1.8 to 6.9) 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) points more in the IWT group compared with the StC group (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P=.007) and waist circumference apparently decreased a mean of –2.3 (95% CI –4.1 to –0.4) cm more in the IWT group compared with the StC group but with a Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P=.06. No between-group differences were observed among the remaining key secondary outcomes.ConclusionsAmong individuals with T2D referred to municipality-based lifestyle programs, randomization to InterWalk app–based IWT did not increase objectively measured MVPA time over 52 weeks compared with standard health care, although apparent benefits were observed for physical HRQoL.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02341690; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02341690

Site And Unit: Two Flaws Of Physical Activity Assessment In NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey

PURPOSE: To explore possible flaws in physical activity (PA) assessment in the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS 2012) that led to a very high PA passing rate. METHOD: The weighted physical activity data (N = 11,223,647, 51% boys, for 3-5 yr. old) collected using ActiGraph in NNYFS 2012 were analyzed to determine the prevalence of meeting the recommendation of the PA guidelines. Specifically, after the released data in Monitor-Independent Movement Summary (MIMS) unit were converted to the MIMS-EQ-Count, an equivalent of ActiGraph count, based on the results of a test equating study by Qin et al. (2021), the prevalence was computed using the cutoff scores by Johansson et al. (2016) for 3-5 yr. old. RESULTS: Unexpected, very high pass rates (%) were observed based on the daily 120 min (SHAPE America, 2020) moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) and 180 min PA, including 60 min MVPA (WHO, 2019) cutoffs (Boys, Girls, Total):The higher passing rates observed were likely caused by the wrist site, where ActiGraph was worn, employed in NNYFS 2012 and the noise movements by hands (e.g., playing the computer games) that were mistakenly classified as MVPA. Using MIMS, rather than ActiGraph counts, as the unit of the data was another problem since MIMS’ PA intensity cutoff scores have not been established and validated. Together, due to failing to create trustful MVPA data, these two flaws made PA data from NNYFS 2012 less meaningful and useful. CONCLUSION: The very high prevalence of US children meeting PA recommendations was likely caused by two major flaws when collecting PA by wearing ActiGraph on wrist and releasing the data in MIMS unit.

Objective Physical Activity Accumulation and Brain Volume in Older Adults: An MRI and Whole-Brain Volume Study.

A decrease in brain volume (ie, brain atrophy) is a marker of cognitive health in older adults. Insufficient weekly accumulation of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been associated with lower brain volume. As this association has been established for a small number of brain areas and structures and atrophy rates seem to be nonuniform between them, more comprehensive analyses are warranted. We compared the volume of 71 brain areas and structures in 45 older adults who met and did not meet objectively measured MVPA recommendations. In addition, we used multiple regression models to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2PEAK), MVPA, and health-related risk factors could affect the atrophy of brain areas and structures. An accelerometer (GT9-X ActiGraph) was worn for 7days. Participants were then classified into 2 groups: <150 minutes MVPA (<150'MVPA; n=20) and ≥150 minutes MVPA (≥150'MVPA; n=25) per week. Older adults who accumulated ≥150'MVPA per week had significantly higher absolute and relative (%of intracranial volume) volumes of 39 and 9 brain areas and structures, respectively, than those who accumulated <150'MVPA per week. Higher VO2PEAK seems to be a key predictor of the atrophy of brain areas and structures. In conclusion, meeting weekly physical activity recommendations seems to have a widespread effect on preserving the volume of more than 30 brain areas and structures in older adults. VO2PEAK seems to be the most frequent and important predictor of brain volume preservation.