Modem Medicine Research Articles

فلسفة النظام القانوني الإسلامي في تحريم جرائم تعاطي الخمور و المشروبات الكحولية مقارنة بالنظام القانوني الأنجلوسكسكوني

فلسفة النظام القانوني الإسلامي في تحريم جرائم تعاطي الخمور و المشروبات الكحولية مقارنة بالنظام القانوني الأنجلوسكسكوني
 This research aims to identify alcohol and alcoholic beverages consumption according to Islamic scholars and legislators especially Anglo-Saxon.
 It also defines wine in modem medicine as well as prohibition of alcohol in the Islamic law and the evidence contained in it.
 Research illustrates steps made by the Islamic legislator to prohibit alcohol because drinking wine was familiar to pre- Islamic society; hence, gradual prohibition has helped them to give up wine.
 Research also discusses the wisdom behind prohibition of wine as Islamic legislator targets the advantages for the benefit and good of community members.
 Research also clarifies the elements of the crime of drinking wine and evidences of committing this crime, as well as clarifying the penalty determined for wine and alcohol takers in Islamic legislation and compares the situation with positive laws.
 This comparison points up the superiority of Islamic law in its ability to combat these crimes.
 Research also illustrates removal of the penalty in the Islamic jurisprudence in case of suspicion.
 This explains the greatness of this legislation by considering the doubts and evidences so that accusation should not be based on suspicion.
 Researcher concludes by the necessity of raising awareness and insight among people to the danger of alcohol consumption that may lead to loss of innocent lives in addition to the great health risks that may cause definite death.
 Families should also raise their children in a sound way so that they become good members in their families and communities as well.
 Governments should also maintain their obligations towards their citizens and concern about of youth

A Case Report of Treating Femur Head Necrosis Applying Persian-Medicine

The avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femur head due to the death of the osteocytes of the bone marrow occurs because the organ is not supplied with sufficient blood. The prevalence of the problem is 10%-50% in adults. The etiology of the disease includes various factors such as trauma, cigarette smoking, drinking spirits, taking corticosteroids, genetics, metabolic disorders, human immunodeficiency virus, pregnancy, and the like. The treatment of necrosis can be conducted regarding the degree of the problem. In the present paper, a case was reported whose femur head necrosis was treated by applying Iranian Medicine without using common drugs in modem Medicine. The patient was a 46-year-old man who had felt severe pain in his left hip since a month before referring. The pain had gradually increased and the AVN of the femur head was diagnosed after magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, the surgery and arthroplasty of the femur head were recommended in this regard. In general, surgery and arthroplasty were recommended regarding the hard medicinal and complicated treatment of the AVN of the femur head. However, it is noteworthy that applying Iranian medicine capacities is possible for curing the disease.

The Anti- Inflammatory Effects of Spinacia Oleracea Leaf Extract on Carrageenan Induced Inflammation in Rats

Context: Use of herbal medicine throughout the world is increasing. Plants still remaining the primary source of supply of many important drugs used in modem medicine. Spinacia Oleracea i,e spinach leaves contain more number of anti-inflammatory phytochemcicals such as carbohydratie, tanins and phenolic compounds, saponins, flavinoids and steroid. Better collagenation seen under the influence of the flavinoids, phenolic compound and saponins which is responsible for the free radical scavenging activity and are believed to be some of the most important component for wound healing and antioxident activity. Spinacia Oleracea scavenges free oxygen redicals and increases the catalase level in granulation tissue. Plants still remaining the primary source of supply of many important drugs used in modem medicine. Considering its medicinal value and availability in our country this study was undertaken to evaluate the antiinflammatory effect of the Spinacia Oleracea leaf extract in rat models.
 Material and Methods: The experiments were carried out on 30 (thirty) Swiss male albino rats. They were collected from the ICDDRB, Dhaka. The rats were of male weighing between 150- 200gm which were divided randomly into 5 groups each having 6 rats. Groups were labeled as group-I, group-II, group-III, group-IV and group-V. The anti inflammatory effect of Spinacia Oleracea leaf extract in experiment rat were evaluated and compared with the anti inflammatory effects of aspirin and hydrocortisone. The study was prospective experimental type and was conducted in the department of Pharmacology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2011 to June 2012.
 Result : Administration of mathanolic extract and water extract of Spinacia Oleracea leaf at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight orally produced a significant (P<0.05) anti-inflammatory effect, and the percentage of inhibition of oedema formation was 28.75% and 40.79% respectively. There were highly significant (P<0.05) percentage of inhibition of oedema formation was observed in aspirin (40.52%) and in hydrocortisone (47.71%).
 Conclusion: Spinacia Oleracea leaf extract, possess significant anti-inflammatory activity in rats.
 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.1, April, 2018, Page 88-93

A Novel Delay-Based GFSK Demodulator in 65 nm CMOS for Low Power Biomedical Applications

This article describes how, in recent years, with the development of microelectronics, implantable electronic devices have been playing a significant role in modem medicine. Examples of such electronic implant devices are, for instance, retinal prosthesis and brain implants. It brings great challenges in low power radio frequency (RF) and analog designs. This article presents a low power Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) demodulator designed for Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) band Receiver. This demodulator utilizes a novel structure that a wide IF range can be handled and presents the smallest Δf/f ratio in any published GFSK demodulators. In theory the demodulation method can be applied to any RF frequency. The demodulator draws 550uA from a 1 V power supply. A maximum data rate of 400 Kbits/s can be achieved within the 300 KHz channel bandwidth defined by MICS. A simulated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 15.2dB at AWGN channel is obtained to achieve 10-3 bit error rate (BER). This demodulator is fabricated on 65-nm CMOS and occupies 0.12mm2 silicon area.

Therapeutic Guidelines for Latin American Lupus Patients: Methodology.

Cardiel, Mario H. MD, MSc*; Soriano, Enrique R. MD, PhD†; Bonfá, Eloisa Silva Dutra de Oliveira MD, PhD‡; Alarcón, Graciela S. MD, MPH, MACR§; Izcovich, Ariel MD∥; Amigo Castañeda, Mary Carmen MD, MACR¶; Barile-Fabris, Leonor A. MD, PhD#; Duarte, Margarita MD, PhD**; Espada, Graciela MD††; García, Mercedes A. MD‡‡; Levy, Roger A. MD, PhD§§; Massardo, Loreto MD∥∥; Sato, Emilia I. MD, PhD¶¶; Vásquez, Gloria MD, PhD##; Acevedo-Vásquez, Eduardo M. MD, PhD***; Catoggio, Luis J. MD, PhD†††; Chacón-Díaz, Rosa MD‡‡‡; Galarza Maldonado, Claudio M. MD, PhD§§§; Iglesias Gamarra, Antonio J. MD∥∥∥; Molina Restrepo, José F. MD¶¶¶; Neira, Oscar MD###; Silva, Clovis A. MD, PhD****; Vargas Peña, Andrea MD††††; Pons-Estel, Bernardo A. MD‡‡‡‡ Author Information

Response to Giovanni Battista Morgagni and the Foundation of Modem Medicine

Response to Giovanni Battista Morgagni and the Foundation of Modem Medicine

The course and methods for predicting postpartum endometritis

Despite the advances of modem medicine, the problem of postpartum purulent-inflammatory diseases remains one of the most urgent in modern obstetrics. Currently, in the widespread use of antibiotics, due to changes in the nature and properties of the main pathogens in the clinical picture of chronic inflammatory diseases in the postpartum period is dominated erased, sluggish current form, which is characterized by impaired development of the pathological process. In this connection, the main focus is the prediction and prevention, as well as their early diagnosis. The criteria for predicting the development of inflammatory disease is frequently used data history, peculiarities of pregnancy and delivery. Definition of the functional state of neutrophils and their reserve capabilities can be used to predict the course of postnatal period and control of wound healing process.

Book Review: The Anticipatory Corpse: Medicine, Power, and the Care of the Dying

The Anticipatory Corpse: Medicine, Power, and the Care of the Dying. By Jeffrey P. Bishop. Notre Dame Studies in Medical Ethics. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 2011. xv + 411 pp. $35.00 (paper).Although much of this extraordinary book narrates a careful genealogy of modem medicine and so attends to how things begin and develop, at its heart it is really a book about ends: the end of life, certainly, but also the ends of life, and the ways in which life's ends are elided by modem medicine. Most of the book is a searing critique and a compelling intervention into contemporary discussions of bioethics. The argument is compelling, original, and deeply important, and The Anticipatory Corpse should be high on the reading lists not only of ethicists, philosophers, and theologians, but also of clergy, hospice workers, and those in the healing professions.Jeffrey Bishop is himself both a philosopher and a physician and now leads the Albert Gnaegi Center for Health Care Ethics at Saint Louis University. At the heart of his argument is a critique of a medical nominalism that evacuates bodies of both formal and final causality and thus permits medicine the fantasy of exhaustive knowledge and potentially unimpeded power. In part 1 of the book, Bishop develops his critique through a dialogue with Michel Foucault. Bishop reconstructs and, more importantly, extends Foucault's pioneering work on the birth of the clinic. Foucault's narrative draws to a close at about 1830, but Bishop tells the story not only of the birth of the clinic but also of the transformations in medical practice and theory that have taken place in the nearly two centuries since. Like Foucault, Bishop pays attention to the way that medicine changes by shifting its primary operative space (from the formal space of diagnostic tables to the political space of public health to the putatively anaesthetized space of the clinic to the complexly negotiated space of the today's medical schools). More controversially, however, Bishop adopts a second Foucauldian thesis, namely, that modern medicine founds itself epistemologically upon the dead body as an ideal type. According to Bishop and Foucault, the corpse has become the normative body for medical knowledge. Tied to this ideal epistemology of the cadaver is a metaphysics that pays attention only to efficient causality, which is to say to the realm of bodily function rather than purposes, intelligibilities, intentions, and so forth. To treat the body in terms of function alone without regard to why the body functions is to treat the body as a kind of machine, in effect, a dead thing subject to a mediealized metaphysics of control.In the second section of the book, Bishop turns his focus from genealogy to a closer, more contemporary look at how modern medicine comports itself in its care for the dying. A chilling picture emerges of mechanized life-support, ICUs, brain death, and the problems raised by organ transplantation. Many of these topics are regularly treated in contemporary bioethics, but Bishop's genealogical work allows him to intervene in these debates in surprising and significant ways. For example, Bishop's discussion of the moral, spiritual, and biopolitical quandaries raised by patients in persistent vegetative states both illumines and substantially reorients what often seems to be an intractable cultural impasse. …

The Consequences of Severe Head Injury

Severe head injury is a common problem, usually due to road traffic accidents, accounting for an estimated 400 hospital admissions each year in Scotland. This paper describes the mechanisms, effects and management of uch injury.Since early caveman courted the object of his desire by clubbing her, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been a common problem. Nowadays the male of the species is more likely to be the victim receiving the trauma during sexual display at the wheel of a car or in conflict with a rival. Such acts of youthful bravado, often assisted by alcohol, can have life-long consequences not only for the individual but for his family. Rehabilitation of people after TBI is one of the most exciting challenges in modem medicine. Few conditions provide such a varietyand complexity of disabilities to address in close collaboration with a team of skilled colleagues from a range of professions.

Розвиток оксидативного стресу в тканинах слинних залоз щурів за умов глутаматіндукованого ожиріння

Pathogenic mechanisms of damage of salivary glands under obesity are an insufficiently studied problem of modem medicine. On experimental model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate, free-radical processes and antioxidant defense system were studied in the tissues of salivary glands of rats. Under experimental obesity induced by monosodium glutamate there is a significant increase of the content of thio-barbituric acid reactive substances and a significant decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Thus, it indicates to the misbalance of prooxidant and antioxidant systems and the development of oxidative stress.

Study on characteristics of pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicines distributing along kidney meridian based on medicinal property combination

To study the characteristics of pharmacological effects of property combinations of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) distributing in the stomach meridian based on medicinal property combination, in order to further define the association relationship between properties of TCMs and their pharmacological effects, and build a bridge for the interpenetration and combination between the medicinal property theory of TCMs and their pharmacological effects. On the basis of the studies on the medicinal property theory of TCMs distributing along the kidney meridian and their pharmacological effects, efforts were made to collect relevant data for medicinal properties and pharmacological effects and mine the characteristics of pharmacological effects that were corresponding to relevant medicinal property combination by processing materials related to medicinal properties and pharmacological effects with the association rules method. According to the analysis, TCMs distributing along the kidney meridian with different medicinal property combinations were significantly differentiated in the pharmacological effects, but shared identical pharmacological effects, such as immunological enhancement. In this study, TCMs distributing along the kidney meridian with different medicinal property combinations were taken as the carriers to closely integrate the traditional Chinese medicine theory with the modem study achievements, lay a solid foundation for further developing and enriching the traditional Chinese medical property theory, while providing a new perspective on the development of modem medicine.

ІНФОРМАТИЗАЦІЯ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я. ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АНАЛІЗУ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ В РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ

<p class="41" align="center">Innovative processes in modem society, of course, touched and medicine. Caused by their structural and organizational changes in health care require a rethinking of many postulates, increased reserves, and most importantly - bringing the most advanced technology.</p><p class="41">Particular attention is drawn to the area such as Rehabilitology and its practical implementation - Rehabilitation of patients. The success of the solutions of problems of rehabilitation is defined as the presence of the appropriate material and technical base and a sufficient level of training of medical personnel and methodological level of medicine in general. Therefore, a permanent modification of scientific and practical problems of rehabilitation under the influence of processes occurring in health care is inevitable.</p><p class="41">Purpose - conceptual generalization prospects of Rehabilitation in modern medicine on the basis of extensive use of information technology. The goal of rehabilitation should be not only to restore health, but also in restoring the dignity of man, his social and social independence. Such judgments are more and more in the latest definitions of the concept of rehabilitation.</p><p class="41">Information technology - this is the provision that allows you to raise the level of rehabilitation care through the introduction of new organizational methods, new ways and means of rehabilitation. Knowledge of current trends of information Rehabilitation, of course, is a basis for determining further ways to improve the industry. Conventionally, there are three main areas of information technology in Rehabilitation: the automation of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques of medical information to support decision-making, telerehabilitation.</p><p class="41">The authors propose a new concept of rehabilitation. Its main differences are the three concepts: the rehabilitation program should be considered, ranging from inpatient treatment period, patient risk monitoring of the pathological process is the link that unites medical monitoring strategy and the impact on the patient, the need for analysis and standardization of variants of the rehabilitation period on the basis of principles of medical ontology. In the new coordinate system created becomes relevant issue is not the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, and the mechanisms of the transition state of the body from illness to health.</p><p class="41" align="center">The paper also proposed the original division of the rehabilitation period, into 4 stages: clinical, sanatorium, residual, adaptation.</p><p class="41">Given that rehabilitation programs are individually designed for each patient, taking into account the general condition, the characteristics of the disease, the initial level of physical condition, the patient’s personality, age, gender, occupation, etc., they can be viewed as a project or pre-plan the system of measures.</p>

Application of case-based discussion combined with translational medicine in clinical teaching of gastrointestinal surgery

Objective To explore the application of case-based discussion combined with translational medicine teaching method in clinical teaching of gastrointestinal surgery.Methods Totally 100 undergraduates of clinical medicine in grade 2007 and 100 undergraduates in grade 2008 from the second military medical university were divided into experimental class (50 students,25 in discussion class and 25 in comprehensive class) and control class (50 students).Method of case-based discussion was applied in discussion class; method of case-based discussion combined with translational medicine was employed in comprehensive class and traditional method was used in control class.Results Scores in experimental class were superior to those in control class ; questionnaire survey showed that 90％ students thought the new model was better than the traditional model; the interests of students in exploring clinical problem in experimental class were increased (90％ vs.50％ ) ;the sense of mission and responsibility was Strengthened (86％ vs.64％ ) ;the scientific research thinking was more active (80％ vs.48％ ) ; the individual ability and quality were enhanced (76％ vs.50％ ),the depth and width of study were markedly increased (80％ vs.52％ ),the consciousness of independent study and thinking was strengthened (88％ vs.54％ ).Comprehensive class had more obvious improvements in scientific research thinking,individual ability and quality,depth and width of study,independent study and thinking.Conclusions The new teaching model which combined translational medicine with case discussion breaks through the traditional model and adapts to the requirements of modem medicine,it can enhance the teaching effect and worth promoting in educational reform. Key words: Translational medicine; Case-based discussion; Gastrointestinal surgery; Educational reform

Brief analysis on liver depression and herpes zoster

According to years of treatment experience on herpes zoster,combined with its current onset characteristics as well as modem medicine,the authors probed into the relation between liver depression and herpes zoster on the following two aspects:one was liver depression and healthy qi (immunity) ; the other was liver depression and the incidence of herpes zoster.We considered that long-term liver depression impairs healthy qi.Then herpes zoster appears because detriment of healthy qi leading to decreased immunity,reactivation and reproduction of virus.Liver depression is a significant factor for the onset of herpes zoster. Key words: Liver depression; Herpes zoster; Analysis

Western and traditional Chinese medicine disease management programs of chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the greatest disease in modem medicine as chronic disease . It cost lots of financial resources to deal with. Western and traditional Chinese medicine Disease management programs (DMP) can notability improve the qualities of life and reduce the expenses for CHF. The disease management programs of CHF have achieved kind of success, but the management programs method witch is of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characteristic idea carry into testing execution in few TCM hospitals only. This article review the necessary of DMP research, advances in research of DMP research, and relationship between management programs method of Western and traditional Chinese medicine and illness state improvement of CHF patients.

Approach the formation of osteoporosis by the theory of “disharmony between bone and muscle”

In this article,we explained the pathogenesis of bony paralysis,‘disharmony between bone and muscle',recorded in Huangdi NeiJing,by researching the dependability between bone and muscle both in traditional Chinese medicine and modem medicine. Key words: Bony paralysis; Disharmony between bone and muscle; Osteoporosis

Practice and the Science of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century

A generation ago the nineteenth century was at the heart of medical historical scholarship, as the era when modem medicine was born. Over the last decade or so things have changed: other centuries vie for center stage, and former key "turning points," like hospital medicine and laboratory medicine, are now seen in terms of continuities on longer timescales. But though chronologically reframed, the modes of medicine still appear chiefly at the level of programmatic intentions, including rhetorical uses of science. This essay argues that work in this vein needs to be complemented with equal attention to the performative aspects of practice--in the clinic, in the laboratory, and in the field--and that historians of medicine still have much to learn from the "practice turn" in the history of science.

Understanding Tuberculosis: Perspectives and Experiences of the People of Sabah, East Malaysia

Malaysia is a country with the intermediate burden of tuberculosis (TB). TB is still a public-health problem in Sabah, one of the two states in East Malaysia. In 2007, the state of Sabah contributed slightly more than 3,000 of 16,129 new and relapse cases reported in the country. It has a notification rate of two and a half times that of the country's. Very few studies on TB have been conducted in Sabah, and there is little documentation on the perceptions of TB patients and the community about TB, healthcare-seeking behaviour, and impact of TB on the people of Sabah. A qualitative study was conducted in 2006 in seven districts in Sabah to assess the knowledge and perceptions of TB patients and the community about TB, also to know the experiences of healthcare services, and to examine the impact of TB on patients and families. Purposive sampling identified 27 TB patients and 20 relatives and community members who were interviewed using a set of questions on knowledge, perceptions about TB, healthcare-seeking behaviour, and impact of TB. A further 11 health staff attended informal discussions and feedback sessions. Most interviews were taped and later translated. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Ninety-six percent of the respondents did not know the cause of TB. Some thought that TB occurred due to a 'tear' in the body or due to hard work or inflammation while others thought that it occurred due to eating contaminated food or due to sharing utensils or breathing space with TB patients. Although the germ theory was not well-known, 98% of the respondents believed that TB was infectious. Some patients did not perceive the symptoms they had as those of TB. The prevailing practice among the respondents was to seek modem medicine for cure. Other forms of treatment, such as traditional medicine, were sought if modem medicine failed to cure the disease. TB was still a stigmatizing disease, and the expression of this was in both perceived and enacted ways. TB also affected the patients in various aspects of their lives, such as psychosocial, physical, financial and life practices. Patients who were farmers complained that they did not recover fully from their disease and were not, thus, able to continue with their previous work. Patients changed their life practices, such as not sharing their utensils, had a separate sleeping area, and practised social distancing. On the other hand, most health workers were unaware of the effects of TB on their patients and that knowledge of their patients on TB was inadequate. There is a need to understand the reasons for the misconceptions about TB and to address the lack of knowledge on TB through health education. Patients need to recognize the symptoms of TB early so that prompt treatment can be initiated, and patients need to be convinced of its curability.

Micro-insurance in Bangladesh: Risk Protection for the Poor?

Health services and modem medicines are out of reach for over one billion people globally. Micro-insurance for health is one method to address unmet health needs. This case study used a social exclusion perspective to assess the health and poverty impact of micro-insurance for health in Bangladesh and contrasts this with several micro-insurance systems for health offered in India. Micro-insurance for health in Bangladesh targeted towards the poor and the ultra-poor provides basic healthcare at an affordable rate whereas the Indian micro-insurance schemes for health have been implemented across larger populations and include high-cost and low-frequency events. Results of analysis of the existing literature showed that micro-insurance for health as currently offered in Bangladesh increased access to, and use of, basic health services among excluded populations but did not reduce the likelihood that essential health-related costs would be a catastrophic expense for a marginalized household.

Understanding Informed Consent

The backbone of patients participation in a clinical study is informed consent. The Belmont Report suggests that informed consent should consist of three components: information about the research that is going to take place, evaluation of risks and benefits, and the ability of the participant to knowingly volunteer. The idea of informed consent in research is multifactorial and includes issues beyond an agreement to participate. The principles that rule the conduct of modem medicine, i.e. autonomy, beneficence and justice, should be implemented in decision-making. There is a need to improve informed consent documents in terms of their length and also their perceived purpose, which is to explain full details of the research.. Difficulties faced with vulnerable populations, ethnicity and cultural beliefs, language, a patient's educational level, children, pregnant women, prisoners, warrant a simplification of the consent forms. Informed consent is essential to protect the participants, not the researchers and institutions.