Waste Management Model Research Articles

Income inequality and efficient resources allocation policy for the adoption of a recycling program by municipalities in developing countries: The case of Chile

The question about how to choose the best recycling policy is particularly relevant in developing countries. On the one hand, many of these countries have no national waste management strategies, with recycling programs emerging as an independent initiative financed by municipalities, mostly in urban areas. On the other hand, the municipal budget tends to be linked to the wealth of their inhabitants. Consequently, an efficient municipal resources allocation policy to support recycling programs is especially crucial for the most vulnerable population, often located in rural areas. In this paper, we address the problem of optimal allocation of resources for the adoption of a recycling program by municipalities located in both urban and rural areas of a developing country, determining the best combination between two options: increasing and redistributing existing resources. Our research methods involve comprehensive data collection and mathematical modelling, adopting a logistic regression model proposed in the literature, formulating a non-linear optimisation model, and implementing a resolution method. In addition, recycling policies with equivalent results are described and analysed, discussing their political feasibility and economic efficiency. To illustrate our proposal, the case of Chilean municipalities is considered. Chile is a country from the Global South that belongs to the OECD and can be therefore compared to other documented cases. Although no official national data is available, we were able to collect figures by requesting information from every municipality in the country. The obtained results show an important lack of resources at the national level in MSWM, especially affecting rural areas. In this context, equivalent recycling policies with combined options could better favour rural municipalities. However, the average probability for the adoption of a recycling program by municipalities, although shows slight increases, is not enough for a substantial change towards a more sustainable waste management model. Our results illustrate the gap between urban and rural municipalities, the need to inject important funds into the system as a whole, and open the question of whether a more direct ‘command and control’ policy is required instead of just trusting the individual initiative of each municipality, even if more resources are provided.

Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) from Agro-waste and Dry Leaf Litter in used Plastic Bottles: Community Waste Management Model targeting Stubble and Dry leaf burning

In recent years, solid waste management has developed from early approaches of burning or dumping to reuse, recycle, regain, and retain various alternative technologies. The present study aims at developing an effective community waste management model with a solution to multiple issues. It aims to provide an alternative to widespread stubble burning, burning dry leaf litter and promoting plastic reuse. The present novel technology involved the cultivation of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in used plastic bottles to convert agricultural and urban waste into a highly nutritional end product. In this direction, the effect of different wheat straw and dry leaves’ ratios was assessed on the spawn run time, primordial formation, final harvesting time, mean yield per plastic bottle, and the % biological efficiency per gram of the substrate. Both the combinations of L30:WS70 and L50:WS50 represented ideal options for using the two waste substrates to cultivate the mushroom species. This model will help recycle agro-waste and serve as an effective method of generating nutritious food for fighting food security while decreasing the plastic load and trash thrown for disposal.

Applying of the Best Available Techniques in the Municipal Solid Waste Recycling

The article considers the experience of restructuring the activities of a municipal solid waste landfill into an enterprise for integrated waste recycling, taking into account the principles of circular economy. The introduction of the best available techniques for waste management allows to increase the quantity of raw material fractions that can be reused, and also helps to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill. The results of the study allow to draw conclusions about the economic and environmental feasibility of using the best available techniques in municipal solid waste management. The article considers the activity of the Noviy Svet-ECO LLC in the Leningrad region. The waste management model developed for this company can be used for restructuring existing landfills for solid municipal and industrial waste disposal into more modern and efficient ecological and technological clusters and meets the principles of a circular economy.

PELATIHAN TENTANG MODIFIKASI PENANGANAN LIMBAH RS DI RSU SEMBIRING

As one of the most important health service departments, the hospital always produces medical solid waste and non-medical solid waste in daily activities, especially in the inpatient department, specialist room section, general clinic section, specialist clinic room, dental clinic room, maternal and child care, laboratory clinics and pharmacies. Most medical solid waste contains substances that are highly contagious, infectious and dangerous. Therefore it must be managed properly, otherwise these wastes will become a new source of transmission for both the community around the hospital and for medical personnel in the hospital. The management and handling of hospital waste has special rules. By improving the handling and management of hospital waste, medical waste management, increasing knowledge of human resources in waste management, and its impacts can influence the creation of examples of healthy development from a healthy society by improving the quality of individual and community health. Hospital medical solid waste and the poor quality of the hospital environment are the causes of various health problems, therefore it is necessary to apply laws and regulations to monitor various environmental factors in accordance with hygienic principles of environmental cleanliness. This training and counseling proposes a medical solid waste management model at the Sembiring General Hospital to create a healthy environment around the hospital.

Advances on the Implementation of Circular Economy Techniques in Rural Areas in Colombia under a Sustainable Development Framework

For the first time in the scientific literature, this research shows an analysis of the implementation of circular economy techniques under sustainable development framework in six municipalities with a depressed economy in Colombia. The analysis is based on solid waste data production at a local scale, the valuation of the waste for subsequent recycling, and the identification and quantification of the variables associated with the treatment and final disposal of waste, in accordance with the Colombian regulatory framework. Waste generation data are obtained considering three different scenarios, in which a comparison between the simulated values and those established in the management plans are compared. Important differences have been identified between the waste management programs of each municipality, specifically regarding the components of waste collection, transportation and disposal, participation of environmental reclaimers, and potential use of materials. These differences are fundamentally associated with the different administrative processes considered for each individual municipality. This research is a good starting point for the development of waste management models based on circular economy techniques, through the subsequent implementation of an office tool in depressed regions such as those studied.

An inexact two-stage multi-objective waste management planning model under considerations of subsidies and uncertainties: A case study of Baotou, China

Government subsidy for waste incineration is an effective measure to promote the economic growth of the waste management system. It is of vital importance to formulate optimal management strategies for decision-makers by considering conflicting objectives among system cost and environmental risk under complex uncertainties. In this study, an inexact two-stage multi-objective planning (ITMOP) model is proposed for supporting municipal solid waste (MSW) management. This model advanced existing optimization methods through integrating interval linear programming and two-stage stochastic programming within the multi-objective programming framework, where various uncertainties expressed as interval value and probability distributions were effectively reflected. The environmental risks associated with exhaust gas and leachate emission from incineration and landfill are quantitively assessed. The economic performance of these two waste disposal facilities is evaluated through the introduction of different energy recovery and subsidy policy scenarios. The ITMOP-based municipal solid waste management model is applied to a case study of MSW management planning in the Baotou city of China. Ten scenarios integrated with different economic incentives are designed for analyzing the optimized solutions. The generated waste flow allocation pattern and facility expansion capacity results provide scientific waste management strategies for local authorities. Moreover, the obtained total system cost and environmental risks under different scenarios can help policymakers resolve eco-economic conflicts according to their preferences. Waste incineration will gradually replace landfilling as the mainstream of waste treatment in the future. Revenues from energy recovery and financial subsidies for incineration can compensate for its high economic cost and promote waste resource utilization. The results indicate that the local government can use the subsidy policy to encourage waste disposal to proper facilities and simultaneously reduce environmental emissions.

Enhancing food security and environmental sustainability: A critical review of food loss and waste management

Food loss and waste (FLW) occurs at each and every stage of the food supply chain. The current linear model of FLW management (incineration and landfill) creates a linear path of nutrients utilization, which threatens food security and environmental sustainability in the long run. Circular economy model has been proposed as an efficient strategy to reduce and recycle FLW. Although many literature reviews were conducted to realize the transition from linear model to circular economy, a more focused and rigorous assessment of FLW reduction and recycling is currently not available. A lot of work remains in order to translate this “circular model” into an actionable plan. By reviewing the recent progress in the FLW management in the literature, this paper highlights their pros and cons to provide a deep and comprehensive understanding about the “circular model”. This review can provide a deeper analysis of “circular” solutions to existing linear pathways, which play an important role in enhancing food security and environmental sustainability in future. • The circular model and linear model of food loss and waste management are elucidated. • The pros and cons of food loss and waste reduction and recycling are highlighted. • The relationship of food loss and waste management with food security and environmental sustainability are discussed.

Biodigester models used worldwide in the context of intelligent cities

Urban development is marked by challenges associated with energy demands at a variety of levels, as well as the need of an efficient solid waste management. In the next 30 years an increase of the world’s population and of this population in urban areas is predicted, turning such dilemma a reality. In this context, organic waste can be recycled as a clean, renewable energy resource by means of biogas, which is a sub-product of anaerobic digestion and which can be converted into electric and thermal energy by burning, and therefore be used in heating and as fuel. Biogas is produced in biodigesters, which consist of an airtight chamber with compartments for the substrate inlet and the final product outlet. From a bibliographic research, the present study investigates the main models of biodigesters used in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America, in order to present an up-to-date scenario of the application of such equipment in the context of intelligent cities. The results indicate contrasting biodigester installations among the continents. Whereas Europe relies on high-technology models, in Africa, for example, biodigesters are usually built with basic materials, which make biogas production inefficient. Similarly to other energy sources and waste management models, the countries with better infrastructure and resources can better benefit from the use of biodigesters, thus improving the quality of life, whereas poorer countries cannot totally exploit the same productivity potential.

Legal Mechanism of Implementing the Concept of Circular Economy in the Post-Soviet Space (in Terms of Russia)

The article deals with the main provisions of the concept of circular economy in the context of political, educational, legal and other transformations without which achievement of the set goals is impossible. The authors pay special attention to analysis of the legal mechanism of achieving the goals and objectives in the area of reducing the volume of waste produced in the country, creating conditions for development of technologies for its treatment and reuse. This requires formation of the new legal category of “environmental entrepreneurship”, along with establishment of the system of incentives, permissions, restrictions and prohibitions aimed at a radical change of the existing model of waste management in legal acts of the system. Development of this legal institution will lead to adjustment of a number of civil agreements, including further development of environmental insurance and environmental audit agreements.

Mathematical Model of Solid Municipal Waste Management

The research subject is a mathematical model of municipal solid waste management (hereinafter – MMMSWM). Relevance: the growth of the world’s population and its consumption (primarily, in the Golden Billion countries) leads to a corresponding increase in the amount of solid municipal waste (hereinafter – SMW). This increase is an additional global warming factor. Also, growing SMW requires additional land areas. Since the time of Galileo, science has been the application of mathematics to study any object. In the case of SMW, building and solving a mathematical model of SMW management will reduce the anthropogenic load on Earth. The research objective is to build a mathematical model of municipal solid waste management and propose ways to solve it. The research goal is to perform a literature review of existing mathematical models of municipal solid waste management and suggest a new MMMSWM. The research techniques include retrospective analysis, synthesis, comparison, and methods of the theory of differential equations. The research result is building a new mathematical model of solid municipal waste management, which ensures an acceptable control over the filtrate concentration.

Plastic waste management model solution in Ciliwung River Basin

The high level of unmanaged plastic waste in Indonesia has resulted in plastic waste polluting rivers and oceans, the Ciliwung River. The ignorance of Jakarta’s people about management and their attention to plastic waste will ultimately worsen the condition of the Ciliwung river. Therefore, the article tries to describe a solution that can minimize plastic waste in the Ciliwung River Basin. Using a descriptive approach and qualitative data derived from literature studies, it was found that increasing public awareness at the local level, especially in communities around riverbanks, could be done to reduce plastic waste from the community. The solution focuses on reducing the amount of plastic waste and monitoring plastic waste management not littered in rivers. Persuasive approaches (outreach and training), provision of facilities, and law enforcement can be strategies to encourage behavior change from the community.

Inexact inventory-theory-based optimization of oily waste management system in shoreline spill response.

The oily waste generated from the cleanup operations during shoreline spill response can result in challenging environmental and socioeconomic problems. In this study, an inexact inventory-theory-based optimization model (ITOM) for oily waste management during shoreline spill response was developed to support the spill management team. The most appropriate facilities and optimal waste allocation scheme under uncertainty can be selected to achieve minimum total system cost. To satisfy the demand of oily waste treatment, these oily waste management facilities can be selectively opened depending on the situation. In the combination with the economic order quantity model of inventory theory, the developed model can provide the optimal solutions of batch size and order cycle for treatment facilities to minimize the inventory cost. A case study was used to demonstrate the application of ITOM. The obtained solutions include the facilities selection and waste allocation for waste collection and destocking stages under different risk levels. These solutions can provide a good guideline with managers to analyze the trade-offs between system cost and constraint-violation risks. The developed model has high application potential as a job-aid tool to manage the oily waste generated from oiled shoreline cleanup operations.

The politics of waste picking: reflections from the upscaling of a co-management model for recyclable waste in Buenos Aires (Argentina)

In Argentina, the organization of waste picker cooperatives has enabled these organizations to impose their approach and point of view in the system of waste management derived from the Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) model. In this context, the experience of the cooperatives of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) stands out, as it paved the way for a co-management model that was unprecedented in the country. Since then, the "Buenos Aires System" has been promoted by the Argentine federation of waste pickers (FACCyR), as the model to be implemented throughout the country. The differences between the CABA and other jurisdictions raises significant questions regarding the adaptability of this model. Based on a Political Ecology of Waste, we address this question by analyzing the process of expansion of this model following the Jóvenes en Progreso cooperative in the municipality of Lomas de Zamora (Province of Buenos Aires).

The recyclable waste recycling potential towards zero waste cities - A comparison of three cities in China

Recycling is an essential practice for the successful operation of zero waste cities. It is essential to understand the recyclable waste recycling potential (RWRP). This study quantifies the RWRP of different cities in China. Suzhou, Yangzhou, and Suqian represent high-, middle- and low-income cities, respectively. The RWRP statistics are based on systematic multiple longitudinal tracking field surveys conducted between 2016 and 2019. Obvious RWRP spatio-temporal disparities were observed between inter-city and intra-city. For instance, Suzhou showed a slight increase in high resource value paper; Yangzhou had a slight increase in low resource value paper; and Suqian had a huge increase in no resource value paper and plastic. Additionally, more recyclable organics were generated in the old districts of Suzhou, and they were also predominant in the new districts of Yangzhou. No significant difference was observed in recyclable organics and recyclable material in Suqian. However, recyclable organics is a constant, while recyclable material fluctuates in the case cities. Household consumption structure has a major impact on RWRP. Other factors, such as economic development, urban resident population, consumption preferences, local customs and culture, as well as residential lifestyles also affect RWRP. This study proposes three policies: 1) to establish flexible and carefully planned recycling strategies, 2) to develop the distribution market of composting products, and 3) to incorporate economic and demographic initiatives to develop a workable recycling policy that can lead to zero waste implementation in the future. The zero waste concept was further assessed by the authors’ review of 69 cities worldwide based on previous research. We compared past results with the three featured cities in this study and 35 other Chinese cities, thereby presenting a world view of zero waste potential. It is anticipated that representative cities’ RWRP quantification and policy implementations can be a model for municipal solid waste management and recycling policies in other Chinese cities, which will help them transition to zero waste cities and probably provide a model for cities worldwide.

Waste management model in the residential environment of the Bajo Tribe, Torokeku Village, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province

Household waste is an environmental problem that has not been resolved properly. The problem of water environmental pollution, the emergence of various diseases, decreased production of fisheries products and a dirty environment can be symbols of poverty and underdevelopment. This study aims to obtain an overview of waste management in the coastal area of the Bajo ethnic settlement of Torokeku Village, to inventory the problems in the waste management system and to provide recommendations for optimizing the waste management system independently and sustainably based on coastal communities. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative analysis methods in Torokeku Village, Tinanggea District from June to August 2020. Collecting data through structured interview techniques and observations. The results obtained by public awareness are still relatively low, lack of information and knowledge about the impact of environmental problems, there are no real examples that can be used as a reference in managing waste, and the government is less firm in addressing environmental problems. The waste management model formed is Utilizing waste to increase fishery business production by using the 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recyle), optimizing community empowerment activities directly to the target group.

Adoption Conceptual Model for Intelligent Waste Management in Smart Cities: Theoretical Review

Purpose –Adoption of technologies in waste management in developing countries has largely lagged leading to poor waste collection and disposal exposing the city dwellers to health hazards and points of extortion. The delay has been occasioned by several technology adoption inhibitors. This paper, therefore, proposes am integration of three adoption models: diffusion of innovation (DoI), technology acceptance model (TAM) and technology readiness index (TRI) models towards enhancing understanding of the factors that may influence acceptance and use of smart waste management system in a smart cityMethod – This paper critically reviewed the available literature on DoI, TAM, and TRI models and highlighted the challenges of applying each model and thereafter, proposed an integrated model based on the strength exhibited by each model.Results –Despite the wide use of DoI, TAM, and TRI models, the models have weaknesses when applied independently for intelligent waste management. For instance: DoI focuses on innovation rather than information technology, does not support participatory adoption of technology, and lacks psychometrics characterization of users' behavioral intentions; TAM may not measure user’s readiness and deals with perception to use technology rather than the actual use; TRI presupposes that users must be well equipped with the required infrastructure, skills, beliefs, and attitude to use technology. The integrated model may solve these weaknesses by drawing from the strength of each model while focusing on innovation (DoI), perceptions (TAM) and readiness (TRI)Conclusion – The model may enhance the adoption of the waste management system by focusing on(i) the innovation covered byDoImodel and (ii) the intended users; characterized by both perceptions through the TAM model; and readiness provided by the TRI model. Recommendations – The study recommends the actual application of the model to test the hypothesis adduced that integrating the models would enhance the adoption and use of intelligent systems for waste management in smart cities. Practical Implications – The proposed model could help city planners to formulate a good strategy mix for the intended use(rs) of an intelligent waste management system.

Explaining the model of comprehensive waste management in urban and rural areas and intermediate spaces (Case study: Khorasan Razavi province)

The results of the study indicate the need to improve the framework and infrastructure of waste management in the province and the development of laws and detailed monitoring systems to implement the findings and scientific and practical experiences of other countries to achieve economic, social and environmental goals.

IoT-enabled tip and swap waste management models for smart cities

IoT-enabled tip and swap waste management models for smart cities

Practices for garment industry’s post-consumer textile waste management in the circular economy context: an analysis on literature

Goal: This study aimed to identify and describe garment’s post-consumer textile waste management practices and to analyse them according to environmental, economic and social criteria in the circular economy context.
 Design / Methodology / Approach: A literature review was conducted to identify, collect and organize practices from garment’s post-consumer textile waste management and the environmental, economic and social criteria taken into account for the analysis of such practices in a circular context.
 Results: There were eleven collection practices, three sorting practices, five reuse practices, and six recycling practices. Additionally, even circularity is presented as a new solution to environmental problems, those practices identified in literature are pulled mainly downstream, promoting short-term waste management approaches, while the initial production chain’s links continue to extract and use several non-renewable resources from the excessive way.
 Limitations of the investigation: The limitations of a literature review of this nature is the complete reliance on the defined strings to search the previously published research and the adopted procedures to select and evaluate these studies (data base, search period, exclusion criteria)
 Practical implications: For researchers and garment’s industry professionals, the identified practices should provide new solutions that could be tested in the current post-consumer textile waste management model. Moreover, this research allowed understanding the way those post-consumer textile waste management’s practices are interpreted under a circular context.
 Originality/Value: there is almost no detailed study of post-consumer textile waste management’s practices. Furthermore, it is very rare to find those textile waste management practices related in a circular context.

IoT-enabled tip and swap waste management models for smart cities

Current technical advances enable internet of things (IoT) technology. Key features of IoT are 'smart things', which have computational capabilities. In this paper, we focus on waste management usi...