Model Of STATCOM Research Articles

STATCOM Model against SVC Control Model Performance Analyses Technique by Matlab

Principal objective of this paper is to investigate the behavior of STATCOM against SVC controller by setting up new control parameters. Essentially, STATCOM, and SVC linear operating ranges of the V-I and V-Q as well as their functional compensation capabilities have been addressed to meet operational requirement with certain degree of sustainability and reliability. Hereby, the other operating parameters likewise transient stability, response time, capability to exchange real Power and Power Losses have also been addressed in STATCOM against SVC control models. In addition to that, STATCOM-Controller’s pragmatic response has been identified and determined reliability level to maintain full capacitive output current at low system voltage. Therefore, it indicates that STATCOM device has more effectiveness than the SVC in improving transient stability (first swing).

Novel VSC-Based STATCOM Model Based on Dynamic Phasors for Unbalanced Distribution Networks

Novel VSC-Based STATCOM Model Based on Dynamic Phasors for Unbalanced Distribution Networks

Modeling of MMC-based STATCOM with embedded energy storage for the simulation of electromagnetic transients

Modeling of MMC-based STATCOM with embedded energy storage for the simulation of electromagnetic transients

Stability simulation and improvement of typical phase-locked loop of STATCOM with different equivalent grid R/L ratios

Transient synchronization stability is the precondition for dynamic reactive power compensation of STATCOMs in the event of a grid fault, which might be so serious that their neighboring distributed power generators lose their synchronization stability. However, there are very limited research publication in this area. This paper focuses on STATCOM synchronization stability and its improvement. The proposed adaptive phase locked loop (PLL) is based on the estimated phase error rather than the estimated frequency error, which is an innovative approach not yet been seen in published papers. Moreover, the impacts of short-circuit ratio and the ratio of equivalent grid R to X are also investigated. Both steady-state analysis and time-domain simulation results are presented in this paper. The results show good consistency between steady-state analysis, simulation with a controlled current source model and with a detailed STATCOM model, and the differences are within reasonable range. Compared with the typical PLL, the proposed adaptive PLL demonstrates improved performance of transient synchronization stability.

Firefly Algorithm based LCL filtered grid-tied STATCOM design for reactive power compensation in SCIG based Micro-grid

Microgrids are facing several operational and control issues while integrating with the grid. To deal with it, STATCOM, as one of the emerging power converter circuits, is connected with such microgrids. STATCOM with microgrid introduces current harmonic, inherent resonance, and active power losses related to high switching frequency. Filter design can help attenuate these effects and maintain the predefined standards as in IEEE 519-1992 and IEEE P1547.2-2003. There are also some more points of concern about filter design. Inappropriate filter types and parameters may cause worse filtering, reactive power surplus production, and low power factor. Therefore, this paper suggests that the reactive power compensation capability, as a local area problem, must be attended through the proper designing of LCL filtered grid-tied STATCOM. The parameters are estimated through transient analysis, power quality, and power balance studies for proposed Micro-grid and the results obtained are compared using nature-inspired algorithms such as GA, PSO, and FA over conventional mathematical formulation. The main contributions of this work are; (i) study of system with the inclusion of voltage and frequency-dependent load, (ii) modified STATCOM model clubbing reactive power control feedback and LCL filter with damping resistance, (iii) real and reactive power tracking system using dynamic compensator capabilities, and (iv) suppression of total harmonic distortions along with real and reactive power tracking using advanced tuning for filter parameters with GA, PSO, and FA based algorithms.

Power Quality Assessment & Mitigation of Grid Integrated PV System in Distribution Network

the need for electrical energy has become increasingly important. With the advancement of technology, computer and telecommunication networks, railway networks, banking, post offices, and life support systems are only a few examples of applications that cannot function without electricity. At the same time these applications demand qualitative energy. Thus, this Paper Presents the Integration of PV (renewable sources) into the existing grid to meet rising demand of electricity without stress on conventional power plant. Thereby, reducing greenhouse gases emissions to environment and this paper also presents D- STATCOM model to mitigate major power quality issues like Voltage Sag & Swell. In This paper, the design and performance of the D-STATCOM Control strategy were examined and simulated in this work utilizing the MATLAB Simulink environment. Keywords—Integration of Photovoltaic (PV), Voltage Sag & Swell, Phase Locked Loop (PLL), Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), D-STATCOM.

Comparison of SRF and IRPT Algorithm for Mitigation of Voltage Sag and Voltage Swell using NPC based D-STATCOM

This study describes a systematic model of Distribution STATCOM (D-STATCOM) to reduce voltage sag, and swell using Instantaneous reactive power theory also called Power Quality theory (IRPT or PQ) and Synchronous reference frame theory (SRF) using NPC three level inverter. Power quality is an event that manifests as an abnormal frequency, current and voltage resulting in the failure of end-use equipment. The main issues addressed here are voltage sag and swell. Custom power devices are utilised to overcome this problem. The Distribution STATCOM (D-STATCOM) is one of these devices, and it is the most efficient and effective modern specialized power device utilised in distribution system network. The simulation of D-STATCOM is done using MATLAB/Simulink and voltage sag and swell are mitigated.

Simulation of the static synchronous compensator for the system voltage unbalance and high current harmonics compensation from single phase non-linear load

This paper presents the STATCOM model in PSIM, which compensate grid voltage unbalance and current harmonics from the non-linear, two-phase load. Grid voltage unbalance level and harmonics current of non-linear load given from measurement. The model of STATCOM is a 6-level voltage inverter. System voltage, and harmonics currents are controlled. All modes are realized and plots are plotted.

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF STATCOM FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

In power system, reactive power compensation is one of the important action to maintain better voltage profile, stability and decrease losses. STATCOM is feasible in terms of cost effective in wide range of problem solving capabilities among all Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) in both transmission and distribution levels. In this paper the synchronous rotating frame theory algorithm is used since it is easy to implement i.e. the rotating three phase quantities are converted into stationary components. So it requires less number of PI controllers and also calculations on the stationary quantities are easy than to do calculations on instantaneous quantities and the modeling of STATCOM is done. This project focuses on improvement of power quality in a three phase three wire system with a non-linear load i.e., three phase bridge rectifier and a parallel inductive load. Some power quality aspects like reactive power compensation of linear load, better Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) performance and the power factor improvement are achieved. The result shows the THD of input current achieved as per the IEEE 519-1992 standard. It is observed that STATCOM gives effective compensation for reactive power variation and hence the power quality of distribution systems improved.

Simulation of the static synchronous compensator for the electrical system with non-linear load

This paper presents the STATCOM model in PSIM, which compensate reactive power and current harmonics from the non-linear load. Reactive power consumption and harmonics current of non-linear load given from measurement. The model of STATCOM is a multi-level voltage inverter. Constant system voltage, power factor and harmonics currents are controlled. All modes are realized and plots are plotted.

Optimal allocation of Hybrid Solar-PV with STATCOM based on Multi-objective Functions using combined OPF-PSO Method

Increasing carbon emission due to drastic increase in the demand of power has forced stakeholders to exploit renewable sources of energy in best possible and optimal ways to cut down the carbon emissions from conventional sources of energy. A hybrid solar-PV and FACTS device STATCOM model has been considered in this paper to get best out of the reconfigured system. In this paper, four objectives have been taken to be considered for improvement of overall performances in the reconfigured system. Objective function consists of objectives like real loss index, reactive loss index, voltage deviation index and cost realization index. This work presents multiple objective based fitness function based on the priority of the different system parameters as objectives. Fitness function has been optimized using popular and robust optimization technique. The parameters have been determined by implementing combined approach using OPF and PSO optimization in MATPOWER/MATLAB. The IEEE 30 bus system for comparing and verifying the results of the proposed work is considered.

Computer simulation of linearized Statcom model

Static synchronous condenser (Statcom) is an important device for ensuring power system stability. Statcom dynamic model exhibits nonlinearity. Feedback linearization is applied to Statcom model for ease of control. But this brings in the issue of zero dynamics. In this paper, a method of quadratic linearization is applied to Statcom model which circumvents the zero dynamics issue. Quadratic linearization of Statcom is illustrated through Matlab simulation of Statcom model together with the linearizing transformations. Closed loop simulation of linearized Statcom model is also studied.

Simulation 35 kV 35 MVar STATCOM in EMTDC PSCAD

This paper presents the model of STATCOM in EMTDC PSCAD, which can work in different modes: constant system voltage control mode, constant system reactive power control mode and constant power coefficient control mode. All modes is realized and plots are plotted.

Finite-time robust control for transformerless H-bridge cascaded STATCOM with star configuration

This article presents a finite-time robust control (FTRC) of a transformerless STATCOM based on a cascaded multilevel H-bridge converter (CMHC) with star configuration. The FTRC is first proposed for the current loop control of a CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM by using the finite time robust control theory. Taking the parameters, perturbations and external disturbances into account and using coordinate transformation method, the nonlinear dynamic model of the CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM is transformed into a standard nonlinear port-controlled dissipative Hamiltonian (PCDH) structure. Based on the PCDH structure, an FTRC is designed for the CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM to improve the transient stability and oscillation damping of power system. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the FTRC has better dynamic performance and strong robustness in comparison with the passivity-based control of the CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM.

A hybrid active load and ideal synchronous condenser‐based model for STATCOM applied to power flow studies

This study proposes a generalised STATCOM model employing active load and ideal synchronous condenser representation and its related power flow solution. The proposed method considers the effects of DC side voltage, internal switching losses, and operation mode on the power flow problem. To such aim, the proposed model tackles with a tap changing transformer accompanied by a variable conductance at the DC side in order to model the switching losses. This model can also take into account voltage regulation, reactive power control as well as amplitude modulation ratio and practical limitations. It is worth noting that the proposed model can be easily used for power flow studies by applying ordinary changes to the prevalent Newton–Raphson-based power flow methods. The introduced model is applied to two test systems including IEEE 14-Bus system, followed by a discussion on results.

Fast Equivalent Modeling of Cascaded Static Synchronous Compensator Under Higher Voltage

Cascaded STATCOM including huge number of sub-modules under higher voltage needs rapid modeling to analyze efficiently. This paper presents a discrete iterative algorithm based on equivalent modeling method, which can greatly simplify mathematical model of STATCOM under higher voltage. According to the mathematical properties of the sub-module DC capacitor, it is equivalent to a historical series branch voltage source with an equivalent resistance. By simplifying IGBT to equivalent variable resistor, H-bridge is simplified to an equivalent branch with PWMs. Control system can calculate each IGBT PWM pulse signal by embedding to the equivalent electric circuit. Created an iterative calculation algorithm for the equivalent circuit, and evaluated the two basic errors that are algorithm error and parameter error. By comparing ±100MVar STATCOM’s waves between field data and simulation data, it is proved correct that the rapid equivalent modeling method. In-depth comparison of the key parameters of the theory and simulation instructions, it is very close between the theory and the practice, and methods can greatly simplify the analysis and simulation calculations.

STATCOM Model Using Holomorphic Embedding

Convergence characteristics of existing Newton-Raphson (N-R) load-flow based FACTS devices models are affected by the choice of initial conditions. Many a time, a solution is either spurious or fails to converge. To overcome the problem of convergence, this paper proposes a holomorphic embedding load-flow method (HELM)-based model of STATCOM. The initial conditions of the proposed model are deterministic and therefore the solution of the model is always unique. The model always converges if the solution exists. The proposed model can be operated in various control modes to regulate different parameters of power systems. The feasibility and convergence characteristics of the proposed model are investigated using benchmark IEEE 30-bus test system.

Designing of Supplementary Controller for STATCOM for Damping of Oscillations in Power System

In FACTS devices supplementary signals are widely used to enhance damping and mitigation of subsynchronous resonance in power system. Subsynchronous resonance occurs due to series capacitor in the power systems. High value of series capacitive reactance may destabilize low frequency mode which is more dangerous. There are four critical values of series compensation (XC) against which rotor oscillations may be very high in IEEE first benchmark model. In this paper modeling of STATCOM with IEEE first benchmark model is presented. Then a supplementary signal is developed which is capable to make the system stable for all critical values of series compensation. The eigenvalues are presented against all four critical values of series compensation.

STATCOM with Battery and Super Capacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Enhancement of Voltage Stability

<p>To maintain voltage stability of a power system STATCOM is better solution which can provide the required amount of reactive power under various disturbances. In previous work, STATCOM with various energy storage elements was discussed for voltage and power system stability. Apart from these previous works, this work proposes a new structure of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for voltage stability by using battery and super capacitor. A new model of STATCOM with hybrid energy storage system is designed by using two bidirectional DC-DC converters and results are analyzed for conventional STATCOM and STATCOM with hybrid energy storage system. Results are also analyzed for STATCOM system with out any energy storage system, STATCOM with battery, STATCOM with super capacitor and STATCOM with HESS under sudden load changes by using MATLAB/Simulink.</p>

Optimal Phase Angle Injection for Reactive Power Compensation of Distribution Systems with the Allocation of Multiple Distribution STATCOM

In this paper, the optimal phase angle model and allocation technique of multiple distribution STATCOM (DSTATCOM) in distribution systems for the optimal reactive power compensation is presented. The objective function formulated is the minimization of the active power loss of radial distribution systems (RDS) so as to determine the optimal location(s), optimal phase angle(s), and rating(s) for DSTATCOM, to provide the optimal reactive power compensation. The new modeling of DSTATCOM is developed and is suitably integrated in the forward–backward sweep load flow algorithm so as to determine the line currents, node voltages and the power loss of RDS. Differential evolution algorithm is used as the optimal solution scheme for the optimization of the power loss. The IEEE-69 node RDS is used to validate the efficacy of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique is more effective in compensating the reactive power to reduce the power loss compared to some of the previous approaches.