Modeling Of Socio-economic Processes Research Articles

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ТЕОРИИ ПРАКТИК ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЭКОЛОГО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫМ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМ РАЗВИТИЕМ

To assess the effectiveness of managing the impact of society on the environment, politicians and researchers use modeling of socio-economic processes with regard to environmental challenges and effects. The current paper explores the “pressure-state-response” model (PSR): human activity impacts the natural environment (pressure) and affects its quality and quantity of natural resources (state); society responds to these changes through policies as well as through changes in consciousness and behavior (response). Based on the theories of practice, we considered the element of “pressure” that shows the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment as a set of social practices, by changing the elements of which we can effectively manage the current state and possible responses. As a result, we selected the ideas that may help overcome the limitations of the “pressure-state-response” model. Besides, we described social practices as an element of “pressure”, focusing on the connections of social practices with the elements of “state” and “response” to explain how social meanings, competencies, and infrastructure determine the use of natural resources and how the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment should be reduced. We also identified possible approaches to developing indicators that characterize the components of the “pressure-state-response” model. The article may be of interest to researchers studying the processes of greening, scientists using the “pressure-state-response” model, and authorities developing more effective responses to the degradation of the natural environment.

Conceptual Basis for Ukrainian Rural Development

The presence of imbalances and asymmetries of the rural development form the need of harmonious development directions of the village that led to the choice of a researched topic. The aim of this work is to find and study areas and mechanisms for the orderly development of rural areas based on the principles of formation food and economic security, organic farming, and waste-free life and bio-adequate approaches in growing up and education. The study covers the period from 1991 to 2014. Evaluation of the results was based on sociometric and statistical methods. Theoretical and methodological basis of research was grounded on system-synergetic approach to the study and modelling of socio-economic processes. It was formed a model of dynamic ecological social and economic settlement system capable of self-sufficiency. Specificity of the organization and functioning of the environmental settlements in terms of global challenges was identified.

Влияние цифровых технологий на развитие экономики регионов Российской Федерации

The article analyzes the indicators of digital technologies and the digital economy, as well as their unevenness in the context of the subject of the Russian Federation. The object of the research is digital technologies; the subject of the research is the directions of the digital technologies’ influence on the development of the country regions’ economy. The purpose of the study is to determine the features and directions of the digital technologies’ influence on the economy development of the regions in the Russian Federation. The objectives of the study are determined by the situational assessment of statistical data on digitalization of various areas of the socio-economic structure of the regions, as well as in the context of subjects: population, business. Research methods are the following: analysis of statistics of expenditures on the digital technologies’ introduction, the level and pace of digitalization of society, modeling of socio-economic processes. The dynamics of the development of expenditures on digital technologies and indicators of the use of electronic document management in organizations, the level of access to the Internet among the population are analyzed. High growth rates and indicators of digitalization development in individual areas of the service sector related to the functioning of e-government are identified. Uneven rates of introduction of digital technologies in the economy of the regions are determined. The study allowed us to identify the main socio-economic areas that are dynamically developing under the influence of digitalization: finance, services, and public administration. The main directions of the digitalization impact on the economy of the regions are identified, which include financial and economic indicators of industries, clusters, and large businesses; coefficients of modernization and investment in innovative projects, including those designed for internal development. High rates of implementation of digital solutions and technologies contribute to improving the regional management quality, increasing the standard of living and improving the financial and economic results of enterprises of various types of activity

Modeling of socio-economic processes in the region

The article is devoted to the modeling of socio-economic processes at the meso-level of the economy. It is noted that the region is a complex, open, hierarchical socio-economic system. The main methods of modeling such systems are analyzed. A three-level model of the region is proposed. The conclusion is made about the prospects of further research in the framework of this model.

Стратегические факторы технологического прогресса строительства в регионах страны

The article is devoted to technological innovations, problems of their implementation at the industry level and at the level of construction organizations. The factors hindering the introduction of innovations in the investment construction complex are identified. Measures of state support for this process are proposed. Recommendations are given for improving the mechanisms for introducing innovations in the investment construction complex. Technological progress determines the pace and strategic directions of construction development. Since the construction industry sets the pace of economic development and is an important sector of the economy of many countries of the world, there is no doubt about the relevance of the problem under study. The introduction of technologies has contributed to the dynamic development of construction services in the last few years in developed countries. The purpose of the study is to analyze the prerequisites for the strategic development of construction based on scientific and technical development, as well as to identify growth restrictions in the regions of the country. The following research methods have been used by the author - system, situational, network approaches, modeling of socio-economic processes. In the course of the study theoretical approaches to the development of construction in the conditions of scientific-technical progress were considered; a model of strategic development of the industry was presented, including legal documents, in particular the draft Strategy for construction until 2030. The transition to an innovative development path is a complex process that requires a unified policy at the regional and local levels. The article reveals the problems of the construction complex innovative development and substantiates the factors that stimulate its transition to a new technological structure. Despite certain difficulties, the construction sector has many prospects for further development, but there are restrictions related to financing, risks, and methodological support for evaluating innovations

Перспективные направления внедрения цифровых технологий в сферу туризма и гостеприимства

The article is devoted to the implementation of digital technologies in the field of tourism and hospitality, due to the growing human needs in the comfort and safety of service, the speed of obtaining the necessary services and information. Digital technologies related to innovative solutions in the field of service technology, sales and management in selected economic activities are considered. The analysis of digital technologies for consumers and enterprises of tourism and hospitality is carried out. The aim of the article is analysis of existing digital technologies and identifying promising directions for their development in order to satisfy the consumers and achieve the economic effect for the enterprises of sphere of tourism and hospitality. To achieve the objectives were described existing digital technology, their benefits for market actors and consumers, the tendencies of commercial application of different management, operational and marketing decisions. Main methods: dialectical method of knowledge of processes in the sphere of economy and social development, method of system analysis, formal logical method, modeling of socio-economic processes. As a result of the study identified promising areas for the introduction of digital technologies in the field of tourism and hospitality, taking into account the market demand and formulated recommendations for improving their use.

The role of elements of the Economics of Quality in mathematical modelling of socio-economic processes

Nowadays, when making managerial decisions, specialists are faced with the need to process ever-increasing volumes of information in an increasingly shorter time. The need for the development of a methodology for social forecasting on the basis of detailed development models is growing. Since the basis of the activity of the socio-economic system of any level is an anthropogenic factor, this increases the degree of probability of the implementation of various scenarios. To develop more accurate forecasts, it is necessary to use the tools of the economics of quality standardization, metrology, quality management. Standardization determines the ability to normalize and assess sustainability indicators of development, as well as management methods. Metrology provides uniform methods for measuring these indicators. Based on the received information, quality management systems allow making reliable managerial decisions. The use of tools of the economics of quality is possible at almost all stages of socio-economic modelling. The role of elements of the economics of quality, in particular standardization, is especially growing in the development of the digital economy and “smart cities”, where a complete unification of the formats for accumulating and transmitting information to all users is required.

Construction of the Simulation Model of Social Potential of Childhood in a Region

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the uneven regional conditions for the development of childhood in Russia. Russia’s regions have different resources for preserving children’s health and educating children. The aim of the work is to identify regional factors affecting the social potential of children, and the subsequent construction of the simulation model of Social potential of childhood in a region. Materials and Methods. The study employed the methods of correlation and regression analysis. Statistical data presented in official sources were used as the materials of the study. The calculations were made using the Deductor analytical platform, the construction of the simulation model was implemented using the AnyLogic software. Results. During the study, 12 target and 36 control factors were identified. An analysis of the relationships between the target and control factors made it possible to identify target indicators characterizing children’s education, health and survival rates. The identified control factors were divided into three groups: the constants, factors that can be regulated by the regions, and factors that are difficult to regulate by the regions. The constructed simulation model is part of the assessment of the control factors’ influence on childhood in Russia’s regions. Experiments with the model showed that in addition to influencing the socio-economic situation in a region as a whole, it is important to reduce the number of shifts in schools and at the same time improve the skills of school teachers, increase the number of children involved in summer recreational activities. Discussion and Conclusion. The research materials will be useful in planning for preservation and development of the social potential of childhood in a region. The data obtained are of value both to sociologists and scientists involved in modeling of socio-economic processes. In the study of regional systems.

Направления развития мирового рынка страховых услуг в сфере транснационального бизнеса

The subject of the study is the world insurance market, its trends and prospects for development on the example of leading countries. The aim of the work is to identify the features and patterns of insurance in the field of transnational business on the example of a transnational insurance broker (SB) Arthur J. Gallagher & Co (AJG). Research methods: statistical analysis, formal and logical modelling of socio-economic processes. The results of the study consist in a comprehensive description of the insurance business of the broker AJG, implementing various strategies to work in national markets. Activity in the States on development of insurance services is carried out taking into account positive and negative tendencies of the world market. The complexity of the present situation is the increasing risk of economic recession, reflected in the reduction in the volume of insurance coverage. Adaptation consists in consolidation of capital, strengthening of positions of the largest and stable companies. AJG has gained access to emerging markets in countries previously closed to transnational capital, but the mission and strategy need to be adapted to national circumstances. The scope of application of the results can be in the commercial field in the activities of the leaders of the insurance market of Russia in planning the strategy of its activities and ensuring the competitiveness of services in the global market. In modern conditions of development of the world insurance market the advantages of leading companies are connected with internal financial and economic stability, flexibility of strategies of penetration into national markets, pronounced social orientation of business.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ В МОНОГОРОДАХ НА ОСНОВЕ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

The article is devoted to the problem of living standard improvement in single-industry towns on the basis of regional specialization. In modern conditions, much attention is paid to the complex of factors and conditions for the formation of certain areas of economic activity. The North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) has significant potential for agricultural development, which can contribute to solving the problems of single-industry towns with industrial specialization. These statistics indicate several positive trends in the socio-economic situation in the region: an increase in the number of inhabitants of the rural population, a steady increase in the share of food products and agricultural raw materials in the total volume of Russian imported goods. The main importance of rural areas in the reproductive concept of the North Caucasus regions is determined by the functions of the social-territorial system of communities: industrial, demographic, socio-cultural, nature protection, recreational. Research methods: systematic, formal-logical, analysis and modeling of socioeconomic processes. The scientific novelty of the proposed approach is a comprehensive assessment of agriculture in the region as the main factor in improving the socio-economic situation of single-industry towns. As a result, the research has revealed the positive impact of the industry on the living standards in the single-industry towns of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD).

METHODOLOGY FOR FORMING MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL NETWORK INTERACTION BETWEEN SMALL CITIES AND DISTRICT CENTRES

Abstract. Objectives The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for networking between small towns and regional centres on the basis of developing areas of mutual benefit. It is important to assess the possibility of cooperation between small towns and regional centres and local selfgovernment bodies on the example of individual territorial entities of Russia in the context of the formation and strengthening of networks and support for territorial development. Methods Systemic and functional methodical approaches were taken. The modelling of socio-economic processes provides a visual representation of the direction of positive changes for small towns and regional centres of selected Subjects of the Russian Federation. Results Specific examples of cooperation between small towns and district centres are revealed in some areas; these include education, trade and public catering, tourist and recreational activities. The supporting role of subsystems, including management, regulatory activity, transport and logistics, is described. Schemes, by to which mutually beneficial network interaction is formed, are characterised in terms of the specific advantages accruing to each network subject. Economic benefits of realising interaction between small cities and regional centres are discussed. The methodology is based on assessing the access of cities to commutation, on which basis contemporary regional and city networks are formed. Conclusion On the basis of the conducted study, a list of areas for mutually beneficial networking between small towns and district centres has been identified, allowing the appropriate changes in regional economic policies to be effected in terms of programmes aimed at the development of regions and small towns, including those suffering from economic depression.

Indicators and conditions of formation of technical university bachelors professional competences in the course of mathematical disciplines

A set of competences is the result of the modern professional school education. This set of competences is set by federal state educational standards of higher education.To achieve the required level of training is possible if the educational organization creates conditions for fundamental and at the same time professionally oriented education. It is necessary to develop tools and to describe evaluation procedures in order to describe the outcomes of education. The article describes the training of bachelors of State and Municipal Management and focuses on professional competence PC-7, which in accordance with the basic educational program of the Samara State Technical University, is to be formed by the disciplines comprising the basic part of the curriculum. To develop this competence one must master the method of investigating the phenomena and processes through the construction and study of their mathematical models. Application of this method reduces the solution of professional problems to mathematical modeling and subsequent study of the resulting model. To provide students with practice in resolving professional problems in the field of economy management, the authors developed a scheme of the use of real process modeling. Experience of teaching mathematical disciplines allowed the authors to outline organizational and pedagogical conditions, the implementation of which contributes to the formation of the competence in question. The effectiveness of the outlined conditions is proved experimentally. Indicators and performance criteria for the evaluation of the competence formation in the course of mathematics and basics of mathematical modeling of socio-economic processes are formulated.