Model Of Photovoltaic Module Research Articles

Multi-strategy improved runge kutta optimizer and its promise to estimate the model parameters of solar photovoltaic modules

Harnessing the potential of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology relies heavily on accurately estimating the model parameters of PV cells/modules using real current-voltage (I-V) data. Achieving optimal parameter values is essential for the performance and efficiency of PV systems, necessitating the use of advanced optimization techniques. In our endeavor, we introduce a multi-strategy improvement approach for the Runge Kutta (RUN) optimizer, a cutting-edge tool used for tackling this critical task in both single-diode and double-diode PV unit models. By aligning experimental and model-based estimated data, our approach seeks to reduce errors and improve the accuracy of PV system performance. We conduct meticulous analyses of two compelling case studies and the CEC 2020 test suite to showcase the versatility and effectiveness of our improved RUN (IRUN) algorithm. The first case study involves a standard dataset derived from the well-known R.T.C. France silicon solar cell, where IRUN performs favorably compared to competing methods, demonstrating its effectiveness. IRUN effectively manages the complex task of defining model parameters for an industrial PV module situated at the Engineering Faculty of Düzce University in Turkey. The real-world I-V data, obtained under optimal conditions with a temperature of 30°C and solar radiance of 1000W/m2, provide strong evidence of the practical applicability and real-world benefits of our innovative method. Additional analyses through three-diode and PV module models further confirm the efficacy of the IRUN. A mean absolute error of down to 6.5E-04 and root mean square error of down to 7.3668E-04 are achieved. Our approach provides a practical and efficient tool for improving the accuracy of PV systems, enhancing their performance when compared to existing methods.

Parameter identification of PV solar cells and modules using bio dynamics grasshopper optimization algorithm

AbstractThe escalating global population and energy demands underscore the critical role of renewable energy sources, particularly solar power, in mitigating environmental degradation caused by traditional fossil fuels. This paper emphasizes the advantages of solar energy, especially photovoltaic (PV) systems, which have become pivotal in hybrid energy systems. However, accurate modelling and identification of PV cell parameters pose challenges, prompting the adoption of meta‐heuristic optimization algorithms. This work explores the limitations of existing algorithms and introduces a novel approach, the bio‐dynamics grasshopper optimization algorithm (BDGOA). The BDGOA addresses deficiencies in both exploration and exploitation phases, exhibiting exceptional convergence speed and efficiency. The algorithm's simplicity, achieved through the implementation of an elimination phase and controlled search space, enhances its performance without intricate calculations. The study evaluates the BDGOA by applying it to identify unknown parameters of five solar modules. The algorithm's effectiveness is demonstrated through the extraction of parameters for RTC France, PWP201, SM55, KC200GT, and SW255 models, validated against experimental data under diverse conditions. The paper concludes with insights into the impact of radiation and temperature on module parameters. The subsequent sections of the paper delve into the intricacies of the PV cell and module model, articulate the formulation of the proposed algorithm, present simulations, and analyse the obtained results. The BDGOA emerges as a promising solution, overcoming the limitations of existing algorithms and contributing significantly to the advancement of accurate and efficient PV cell parameter identification, thereby propelling progress towards a sustainable energy future.

Electrothermal Modeling of Photovoltaic Modules for the Detection of Hot-Spots Caused by Soiling

Solar energy plays a major role in the transition to renewable energy. To ensure that large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants operate at their full potential, their monitoring is essential. It is common practice to utilize drones equipped with infrared thermography (IRT) cameras to detect defects in modules, as the latter can lead to deviating thermal behavior. However, IRT images can also show temperature hot-spots caused by inhomogeneous soiling on the module’s surface. Hence, the method does not differentiate between defective and soiled modules, which may cause false identification and economic and resource loss when replacing soiled but intact modules. To avoid this, we propose to detect spatially inhomogeneous soiling losses and model temperature variations explained by soiling. The spatially resolved soiling information can be obtained, for example, using aerial images captured with ordinary RGB cameras during drone flights. This paper presents an electrothermal model that translates the spatially resolved soiling losses of PV modules into temperature maps. By comparing such temperature maps with IRT images, it can be determined whether the module is soiled or defective. The proposed solution consists of an electrical model and a thermal model which influence each other. The electrical model of Bishop is used which is based on the single-diode model and replicates the power output or consumption of each cell, whereas the thermal model calculates the individual cell temperatures. Both models consider the given soiling and weather conditions. The developed model is capable of calculating the module temperature for a variety of different weather conditions. Furthermore, the model is capable of predicting which soiling pattern can cause critical hot-spots.

A tree seed algorithm with multi-strategy for parameter estimation of solar photovoltaic models

Tree seed algorithm, which is one of the metaheuristics algorithms recently proposed for the solution of continuous optimization problems, has an effective algorithmic structure inspired by the relation between trees and seeds. At the same time, the use of two different solution generation mechanisms by depending on the control parameter in TSA aims to balance the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the algorithm. However, when the structure of the algorithm is examined in detail, it is seen that there are some disadvantages such as loss of population diversity and getting stuck in local minimums. To overcome these disadvantages in the basic algorithm, three different approaches (self-adaptive weighting mechanism, chaotic elite learning approach and experience-based learning method) were proposed to TSA under the name of multi-strategies in this study. The algorithm improved with these approaches is named as the multi-strategy-based tree seed algorithm (MS-TSA). MS-TSA was first tested on CEC2017 functions. Then MS-TSA was applied to the problems in the CEC2020 competition and compared with the results of the best performing algorithms in this competition. As a result of the comparisons, MS-TSA was found to be a competitive method on solving benchmark functions. Then, parameter estimation of single diode, double diode and photovoltaic module models using the input data of various solar panels was carried out by the MS-TSA. The results obtained with MS-TSA were compared with both the results of the basic TSA and the results of well-known algorithms in the literature. The results obtained are 9.8642E-04, 9.8356E-04, 2.4251E-03, 1.7534E-03 respectively. As a result of the comparative analysis, the lowest RMSE value was obtained by MS-TSA. In addition, comprehensive performance analyzes of the algorithms were made with the convergence curve, boxplots, current (I) - voltage (V) and power (P) - voltage (V) characteristic curves obtained according to the experimental results. As a result of the experiments and analyses, MS-TSA was found to be a more successful method than the compared algorithms in parameter estimation of PV models.

A Global Nonlinear Model for Photovoltaic Modules Based on 3-D Surface Fitting

A Global Nonlinear Model for Photovoltaic Modules Based on 3-D Surface Fitting

Improved PV module model for dynamic and nonuniform climatic conditions in ISIS-proteus

Improved PV module model for dynamic and nonuniform climatic conditions in ISIS-proteus

Photovoltaic model parameters identification using diversity improvement-oriented differential evolution

Fast and accurate parameter identification of the photovoltaic (PV) model is crucial for calculating, controlling, and managing PV generation systems. Numerous meta-heuristic algorithms have been applied to identify unknown parameters due to the multimodal and nonlinear characteristics of the parameter identification problems. Although many of them can obtain satisfactory results, problems such as premature convergence and population stagnation still exist, influencing the optimization performance. A novel variant of Differential Evolution, namely, Diversity Improvement-Oriented Differential Evolution (DIODE), is proposed to mitigate these deficiencies and obtain reliable parameters for PV models. In DIODE, an adaptive perturbation strategy is employed to perturb current individuals to mitigate premature convergence by enhancing population diversity. Secondly, a diversity improvement mechanism is proposed, where information on the covariance matrix and fitness improvement of individuals is used as a diversity indicator to detect stagnant individuals, which are then updated by the intervention strategy. Lastly, a novel parameter adaptation strategy is employed to maintain a sound balance between exploration and exploitation. The proposed DIODE algorithm is applied to parameter identification problems of six PV models, including single, double, and triple diode and three PV module models. In addition, a large test bed containing 72 benchmark functions from CEC2014, CEC2017, and CEC2022 test suites is employed to verify DIODE’s overall performance in terms of optimization accuracy. Experiment results demonstrate that DIODE can secure accurate parameters of PV models and achieve highly competitive performance on benchmark functions.

Environmental impact assessment of the manufacture and use of N- type and P-type photovoltaic modules in China

For a long time, solar power has been considered a clean and non-polluting energy source because it absorbs sunlight without consuming other energy or materials and does not emit pollutants. Nevertheless, the manufacturing and end-of-life stages of solar power systems leave an environmental footprint and produce pollutants. Hence, a global perspective on photovoltaic (PV) systems using life cycle assessment methodology is necessary. Here, we investigated the life cycle impacts of P- and N-type PV modules in terms of their energy consumption, carbon emissions, and human toxicity potential. In addition, the energy payback durations of P- and N-type PV modules were computed. In this study, we used the Life Cycle Assessment Basic Database from the National Engineering Laboratory of Industrial Big Data Application Technology at Beijing University of Technology to create a life cycle assessment model for N-type PV modules. Subsequently, we performed a life cycle assessment of Chinese silicon N-type- and P-type PV modules. The research system encompassed the production processes for metallic silicon materials, solar-grade silicon materials, silicon wafers, cells and modules, utilization, recycling, and other interrelated processes. We found that the production and processing of silicon-to-solar-grade polysilicon feedstock were crucial stages that significantly affected the energy consumption and environment of P- and N-type PV modules in China. The high electricity consumption of this process, combined with the dominance of coal power in China's electricity structure, contributed to the substantial energy consumption and environmental impacts of the PV modules. Therefore, this stage is critical for the low-carbon and environmentally sustainable manufacturing of N-type PV modules in China. Carbon emissions for both the P-type and N-type PV modules were lower only during the cell production phase but higher during the other stages when compared to the P-type and N-type PV modules. The n-type bifacial PV modules yielded the highest return on investment in terms of energy. Different regions and installation types have a substantial impact on the carbon emissions of P-type and N-type PV modules. Projections indicate that the potential to lower carbon emissions from n-type PV modules will increase by 2060.

Environment random interaction of rime optimization with Nelder-Mead simplex for parameter estimation of photovoltaic models

As countries attach importance to environmental protection, clean energy has become a hot topic. Among them, solar energy, as one of the efficient and easily accessible clean energy sources, has received widespread attention. An essential component in converting solar energy into electricity are solar cells. However, a major optimization difficulty remains in precisely and effectively calculating the parameters of photovoltaic (PV) models. In this regard, this study introduces an improved rime optimization algorithm (RIME), namely ERINMRIME, which integrates the Nelder-Mead simplex (NMs) with the environment random interaction (ERI) strategy. In the later phases of ERINMRIME, the ERI strategy serves as a complementary mechanism for augmenting the solution space exploration ability of the agent. By facilitating external interactions, this method improves the algorithm’s efficacy in conducting a global search by keeping it from becoming stuck in local optima. Moreover, by incorporating NMs, ERINMRIME enhances its ability to do local searches, leading to improved space exploration. To evaluate ERINMRIME's optimization performance on PV models, this study conducted experiments on four different models: the single diode model (SDM), the double diode model (DDM), the three-diode model (TDM), and the photovoltaic (PV) module model. The experimental results show that ERINMRIME reduces root mean square error for SDM, DDM, TDM, and PV module models by 46.23%, 59.32%, 61.49%, and 23.95%, respectively, compared with the original RIME. Furthermore, this study compared ERINMRIME with nine improved classical algorithms. The results show that ERINMRIME is a remarkable competitor. Ultimately, this study evaluated the performance of ERINMRIME across three distinct commercial PV models, while considering varying irradiation and temperature conditions. The performance of ERINMRIME is superior to existing similar algorithms in different irradiation and temperature conditions. Therefore, ERINMRIME is an algorithm with great potential in identifying and recognizing unknown parameters of PV models.

Optimal sizing of a fixed-tilt ground-mounted grid-connected photovoltaic system with bifacial modules using Harris Hawks Optimization

This paper presents an optimal design for ground-mounted grid-connected bifacial PV power plants using a Computational Intelligence (CI)- based Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm. This HHO algorithm identifies the best configuration of components and installation parameters for the bifacial PV power plant, aiming to maximize the final yield, minimize the Levelized Cost of Electricity, and boost the Net Present Value. Four variables were optimized: the bifacial PV module model, inverter model, tilt angle, and module elevation. Furthermore, the paper introduces a Harris Hawks Optimization Sizing Algorithm (HHOSA) to address the sizing challenges. The presented HHOSA was purely developed in Matlab R2017b. The usage of PVsyst was only limited to the derivation of irradiation data at different tilt angle of PV array. These data were later used in HHOSA. To verify its effectiveness, HHOSA was benchmarked against other CI algorithms, including the Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), Firefly Algorithm (FA), Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO), and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (COA). The evaluation considered the algorithm’s stability, local search capability, convergence rate, computation time, and required population size. Findings suggest that the HHOSA outperforms its peers, marking it as a potential leader for designing bifacial PV power plants. The results indicate that the HHOSA algorithm exhibits superior performance in these aspects, making it a promising approach for optimizing the design of bifacial PV power plants. Moreover, this study provides insights into the economic and technical viability of bifacial PV systems under various environmental and system conditions. A sensitivity analysis, focusing on the interplay of three decision variables − albedo values (25 %, 50 %, and 75 %), tilt angles (10°, 25°, and 35°), and module elevations (0.5 m, 1.5 m, and 2 m) − was conducted. It assessed their influence on final yield, additional bifacial PV module yield, Levelized Cost of Electricity, and the system’s Net Present Value. The results emphasize the importance of carefully considering the impacts of albedo, module elevation, and tilt angle on the financial performance of bifacial PV installations.

Identifying and estimating solar cell parameters using an enhanced slime mould algorithm

This study proposed an enhanced slime mould algorithm (ESMA) for identifying the solar cells’ parameters for five photovoltaic (PV) models, making two modifications to the original slime mould algorithm (SMA). The first modification was an arbitrary average position among the new individual position of slime and the best individual position of the slime mound currently found to resolve the issue of local optimum. Second, the tangent hyperbolical function of the formula p in the original SMA was replaced with an exponential function to create more variations for selecting the updated equation. The proposed ESMA was used to resolve the problem of estimating PV parameters based on the empirical current-voltage (I-V) data. Specifically, ESMA was evaluated on the parameter estimation in several photovoltaic models, i.e., the one-diode model (ODM), dual-diode model (DDM), and PV-module model (PMM). In general, ESMA outperformed the original SMA and other recent algorithms. Also, in order to provide a close approximation of the empirical I-V data of the real PV modules and cells, ESMA was able to determine the optimal parameter values for photovoltaic models.

Parameters extraction of photovoltaic models using enhanced generalized normal distribution optimization with neighborhood search

The photovoltaic system has been widely integrated into electrical power grids to produce clean and sustainable energy sources. Precisely modeling of PV systems is crucial to simulate and asset the performance of such power system. Modeling of PV system is a challenge because the characteristic curve of current and voltage is nonlinear and has unknown parameters due to insufficient data points in manufacture’s data sheet. This work proposes generalized normal distribution optimization based on neighborhood search strategies (NSGNDO) to extract the parameter of single diode model (SDM), double diode model (DDM), and PV module model (PVM). The root means square error (RMSE) is used as a performance indicator. Two commercial PV models like RTC France solar cell and PWP201 are used to validate the ability of NSGNDO to precisely estimated the PV system’s parameters. The results show the superiority of NSGNDO over competitive optimization methods and can reduce the RMSE to 2.05296E-03 for PWP201 and to 9.8248E-04 for RTC France solar cell which prove that NSGNDO can be used as competitor method to identify the parameters of PV solar system. The statistical analysis shows the robustness of NSGNDO through statistical measurements and Wilcoxon rank test.’

Fraction order particle swarm optimization for parameter extraction of triple-diode photovoltaic models

This work proposes an application of Fractional Order Particle Swarm Optimization (FO-PSO), a meta-heuristic method for parameters estimation of photo-voltaic (PV) module as a non-linear, transcendental, multi-modal and implicit optimization problem. The uses single diode model (SDM), double diode model (DDM) and three-diode model (TDM) of PV modules with the constraint that only data-sheet information may be utilized. A fitness function based on the error amongst the computed values of current and voltage and the ones given in characteristic I-V curves of data-sheet, is minimized using the FO-PSO to get the required parameters. The comparative study between the estimated and data-sheet values provided by PV module manufacturers will determine the effectiveness of this research. The effectiveness of the FO-PSO is demonstrated by comparing the fitness values with that of other techniques. The FO-PSO technique makes a novel contribution to the PV power systems industry by making it possible to obtain a nearly realistic model of any commercial PV module. The effectiveness of the FO-PSO is determined by comparing the results for all the three models with the state of the art optimization techniques. The Root Mean Square error values calculated for the TDM is less than 10e–16, producing very consistent FO-PSO results. Therefore, FO-PSO is anticipated to be a competitive method for obtaining PV module specifications.

Artificial Neural Network based MPPT Controller with Boost Converter for Varying Solar Insolation in Arba Minch

Solar energy is an elixir of energy that can be used to generate electricity with the help of technology. Ethiopia has an abundance of natural geometric to generate electrical energy from solar irradiation. Renewable energy is a promising word for making the country free of fossil fuels. However, due to low efficiency, it necessitates a variety of methods to maximise output efficiency. In this effort, a MATLAB-SIMULINK PV module model was created to stuff Maximum Power Point (MPP) from solar energy. To test the performance of the proposed model, a closed loop system was created using a conventional controller and an artificial neural network (ANN). The developed model was put through its paces with various isolations. In response to uncertain solar irradiation conditions, the Artificial Neural Network ANN associated with the PV module delivered fast response and minimal oscillations.

Self-adaptive enhanced learning differential evolution with surprisingly efficient decomposition approach for parameter identification of photovoltaic models

In order for the photovoltaic power generation system to convert energy with the highest efficiency after installation, the unknown parameters of the photovoltaic model need to be accurately set in advance. Therefore, in order to identify unknown parameters of photovoltaic models more reliably, effectively, and accurately, this paper first uses the decomposition approach that is extremely effective for different types of photovoltaic models, called matrix rotation decomposition. The unknown parameters of different photovoltaic models are decomposed into linear parameters and nonlinear parameters through matrix rotation decomposition approach. Then a simple and effective algorithm—Self-adaptive enhanced learning differential evolution (SaELDE)—is proposed to identify the decomposed nonlinear parameters. In SaELDE, there are three improvements: (1) the classification mutation learning mechanism is designed to make classified individuals evolve towards the promising direction; (2) the introduced crossover rate sorting approach effectively makes up for the neglected relationship between individuals and crossover rates; (3) combined with the population reduction strategy, it avoids the impact of the initial population setting on algorithm performance and balances the transition between the exploration and exploitation phases. Finally, the linear parameters are calculated by calculating the derived matrix equations according to the nonlinear parameters. Experimental results from a variety of common photovoltaic models, and even photovoltaic module models that need to face different temperatures and irradiance, show that the proposed SaELDE performs more accurately and has better robustness. In addition, the correlation coefficient of SaELDE is 1 under all conditions, which further proves the accuracy of the parameters extracted by SaELDE.

Efficient parameter extraction of photovoltaic models with a novel enhanced prairie dog optimization algorithm

The growing demand for solar energy conversion underscores the need for precise parameter extraction methods in photovoltaic (PV) plants. This study focuses on enhancing accuracy in PV system parameter extraction, essential for optimizing PV models under diverse environmental conditions. Utilizing primary PV models (single diode, double diode, and three diode) and PV module models, the research emphasizes the importance of accurate parameter identification. In response to the limitations of existing metaheuristic algorithms, the study introduces the enhanced prairie dog optimizer (En-PDO). This novel algorithm integrates the strengths of the prairie dog optimizer (PDO) with random learning and logarithmic spiral search mechanisms. Evaluation against the PDO, and a comprehensive comparison with eighteen recent algorithms, spanning diverse optimization techniques, highlight En-PDO’s exceptional performance across different solar cell models and CEC2020 functions. Application of En-PDO to single diode, double diode, three diode, and PV module models, using experimental datasets (R.T.C. France silicon and Photowatt-PWP201 solar cells) and CEC2020 test functions, demonstrates its consistent superiority. En-PDO achieves competitive or superior root mean square error values, showcasing its efficacy in accurately modeling the behavior of diverse solar cells and performing optimally on CEC2020 test functions. These findings position En-PDO as a robust and reliable approach for precise parameter estimation in solar cell models, emphasizing its potential and advancements compared to existing algorithms.

Photovoltaic module performance: Modeling, parameter estimation, and environmental effects

This research addresses the pressing need for clean energy solutions by focusing on the increasing adoption of photovoltaic (PV) modules as alternatives to fossil fuel-based energy sources. Despite their promise, PV modules face challenges in maintaining efficiency under varying environmental conditions. To tackle this, the study develops a one-diode model of PV modules using the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) to obtain the optimal PV parameters so that the performance of the PV modules across diverse weather conditions can be obtained. The integration of a microcontroller and sensors in the experimental setup allows for real-time monitoring of critical environmental variables such as irradiance, temperature, and humidity, alongside voltage and current measurements. While there are certain constraints, such as the sensitivity of sensor data to weather conditions and the significant dependency of estimated parameters on measurements. However, by analyzing the performance of three specific PV modules SOLTECH215, PHOTOWATT220, and KC200GT under varying conditions, this research provides invaluable insights into optimizing energy production and efficiency in practical applications. By bridging theoretical modeling with experimental validation, it lays the groundwork for more efficient and reliable solar energy systems, thus driving the transition towards a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.

Particle swarm optimization for enhanced maximum power point tracking: design and implementation in Proteus

This study introduces a photovoltaic (PV) system model tailored for PV design, incorporating a particle swarm optimization (PSO) MPPT technique to achieve optimal efficiency, swift responsiveness, and cost-effectiveness. To initiate, a PV module model is formulated within Proteus using SPICE coding. Subsequently, an experimental test setup is deployed to authenticate and validate the model. Following this, a PSO-based MPPT algorithm is proposed, which overcomes the limitations of conventional perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance MPPT methods, notably reducing the reliance on mathematical divisions. To substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, both methodologies are implemented on an affordable Arduino Uno platform utilizing the simulated PV module model. The outcomes highlight that the PSO-based MPPT algorithm excels in terms of rapid response (0.09 s), minimal steady-state oscillation, and an impressive 99 percent efficiency.

Modeling and Simulation of Simplified Quadruple Diode Solar PV Module Under Influence of Environmental Conditions and Parasitic Resistance

Modeling and Simulation of Simplified Quadruple Diode Solar PV Module Under Influence of Environmental Conditions and Parasitic Resistance

Influence of Material Models on the Numerical Predictions of Thermomechanical Behavior of Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

Silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules are made using different materials, namely glass, EVA, silicon, and a backsheet material such as PET. To develop a numerical thermomechanical PV module model capable of providing accurate predictions, the influence of the material models on the predictions must be analyzed. A two-dimensional, thermomechanical, finite-element (FE) model of PV modules was created, and it was able to reproduce some experimental measurements. It was then used to study the influence of the material models on the numerical predictions. Attention was given to the material models of EVA and silicon. Firstly, the material model of EVA was considered, and the predictions of the following models were compared: linear elastic, temperature-dependent linear elastic, and viscoelastic. Secondly, as the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) plays a major role in the thermomechanical behavior, the influence of its temperature dependence on the predictions was compared. The numerical results show that it is necessary to use a viscoelastic EVA model to reproduce the experimental data of the change in cells gap. It was also found that the temperature dependence of the CTE of EVA and silicon has significant influence on the module deflection and stress, hence it should be taken into consideration in future numerical studies.