Functional Model Research Articles

Towards Computer-Supported Functional Modelling in Engineering Design Education

The growing need for solutions that can support the computer-based and distant assessment of functional models has resulted in ad hoc implementations of various diagramming tools. These tools are typically not intended for the purpose of functional modelling and lack the flexibility and efficiency of the traditional pen-and-paper approach. This paper reports on an experimental study of 42 students who were introduced to functional modelling through either printed vocabulary materials for pen-and-paper modelling or a specifically developed software application for computer-based modelling. All participants received an identical task—model an electric citrus juicer—with a brief description of how one operates and a photograph of a commercial example. The results show no significant difference in their total scores. However, the pen-and-paper group performed significantly better when it came to the selection of appropriate functions and creating plausible function–flow pairs. These results suggest that the current version of the software alters the functional modelling process in which the students typically engage. Also, it has been hypothesised that the software tool’s lack of flexibility and dynamism in presenting the predefined function vocabulary, when compared to the traditional printouts, might result in earlier fixation and the selection of less appropriate functions. On the other hand, the computer-supported approach can be better controlled and is less prone to critical errors, such as disregarding functional modelling conventions.

Corporate Technology for the Implementation of an Automated System: Functional, Technological and Methodological Aspects

The purpose of the study is to form a methodological justification for the pedagogical model of the individual trajectory of professional development of bachelors and masters for the implementation of the stages of creating an automated system based on the principles of continuity and experimental verification of its application in the educational process of the university in accordance with the requirements of IT departments, vendors and employers. It is shown that there is a gap between the socio-economic order for the training of IT specialists with high professional competence in the field of information systems and the insufficient level of targeted formation of their readiness to implement the stages of creating automated systems. In addition, the lack of methods and practical recommendations for the implementation of such systems in the context of maximum preservation of corporate standards and taking into account the requirements of Russian legislation, as well as specialists competent in these matters, determined the feasibility of conducting the study in two aspects - functional-technological and pedagogical.Methods and materials. The key methods are structural-functional and process modeling, interactive methods of organizing the educational process (project method, etc.). The research materials include a functional model for developing a corporate technology for implementing an automated system in the form of a function tree.Results. The results present a model of causes and factors determining the success of the projects for the implementation of the automatization systems. The role of the factor “qualification of the performing team” and the possibilities of the educational environment of the university to influence this factor are considered. The pedagogical aspect of the research problem is determined by the methodological justification for conducting students’ project work within a number of disciplines for training bachelors and masters in the field of “Applied Informatics”. The description of the structure and requirements for students’ projects gives an idea of the level of formed competencies, their consistency with the work functions of specialists in the field of information systems.Conclusion. At this stage of work on the research problem, its dual nature was determined. On the one hand, modern IT projects require their own technologies and management methodologies, which should change from project to project, so it is important to have practical recommendations for the development of corporate technology for the implementation of an automated system. On the other hand, one of the success factors of the project for the implementation of an automated system is the “Project Implementation Team”, its level of qualification. This factor is successfully determined and influenced by educational institutions responsible for training specialists in this field. In this direction, the project method plays a key role. It ensures the development of communication skills, the ability to independently pose a problem and develop a way to solve it together. Methodological aspects and practical results, generalizing the pedagogical model for training bachelors in the field of creating automated systems presented in the paper, as well as the development of corporate technology for the implementation of information systems, were reflected in three electronic multimedia educational publications: “Portfolio of Software Engineering Projects”, “Theory and Practice of IS Implementation”, “Theory and Practice of IS Maintenance”.

Artificial hearing systems based on functional cochlea models

Abstract The cochlea is one of the most complex organs in the human body, exhibiting a complex interplay of characteristics in acoustic, mechanical, electrical, and biological functions. Functional cochlea models are an essential platform for studying hearing mechanics and are crucial for developing next-generation auditory prostheses and artificial hearing systems for sensorineural hearing restoration. Recent advances in additive manufacturing, organ-on-a-chip models, drug delivery platforms, and artificial intelligence have provided valuable insights into how to manufacture artificial cochlea models that more accurately replicate the complex anatomy and physiology of the inner ear. This paper reviews recent advancements in the applications of advanced manufacturing techniques in reproducing the physical, biological, and intelligent functions of the cochlea. It also outlines the current challenges to developing mechanically, electrically, and anatomically accurate functional models of the inner ear. Finally, this review identifies the major requirements and outlook for impactful research in this field going forward. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation, these functional cochlea models are poised to drive significant advancements in hearing treatments, and ultimately enhance the quality of life for individuals with hearing loss.

Система поддержки принятия решений при выборе типа кожухотрубчатого теплообменника

The article discusses the development of an ontology for the subject area using a shell-and-tube heat exchanger as an example. This ontology enables the selection of the type of heat exchanger (fixed tube sheets, compensator, U-shaped tubes) based on the coolant (ammonia, methanol), heat exchange process conditions (pressure, temperature), and the geometric parameters of the heat exchanger (device diameter). The ontology is designed for use in the hardware design phase of chemical-engineering systems. A functional model is presented that outlines the key stages and information flows in the hardware design of chemical-engineering systems. Each design stage utilises an information model, converting the input information flow into an output one. The article describes an information model for selecting the type of heat exchanger, represented by production rules, which includes operators for determining the material of the heat exchanger elements based on the coolant, material-specific design, and the type of heat exchanger. A prototype of the described information model is implemented in the Protégé ontology editor. The ontology and an example query for determining the type of heat exchanger for a given coolant and heat exchange process parameters are provided. The data for creating the ontology are sourced from regulatory design documents. The article concludes that an ontological approach is feasible for creating "smart" design documents, including standards and technical specifications comprehensible to both humans and computers.

Learning in motion! Design of an evidence-based professional development programme to empower teacher educators to adopt play-based, gender-responsive pedagogies

ABSTRACT The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for action to achieve global goals relating to quality education and gender equality. Teacher education is a setting where novel pedagogical practices can be introduced and mainstreamed, ultimately influencing the educational experience at the school level. This study aimed to design a professional development programme to support teacher educators at Palestinian universities to adopt gender-responsive and play-based learning practices. The researchers used the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to develop an evidence-based intervention, resulting in the selection of six intervention functions (education, persuasion, training, environmental restructuring, modelling, and enablement) and 16 behaviour change techniques from the following taxonomy categories: natural consequences, feedback and monitoring, comparison of outcomes, comparison of behaviour, shaping knowledge, repetition and substitution, antecedents, social support, and goals and planning. Mode of delivery primarily involved face-to-face group-based facilitation. Using the BCW to guide the intervention development process allowed for a comprehensive review of teacher educators existing perspectives and the design of programme content to support them to change their teaching practices. The resulting novel professional development programme for teacher educators will be further researched to confirm relevance and impact.

Mapping Electrophile Chemoselectivity in DalPhos/Nickel N-Arylation Catalysis: The Unusual Influence of Remote Sterics.

We disclose herein our evaluation of competitive (hetero)aryl-X (X: Br>Cl>OTf) reactivity preferences in bisphosphine/Ni-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling catalysis, using furfurylamine as a prototypical nucleophile, and employing DalPhos and DPPF as representative ancillary ligands with established efficacy. Beyond this general (pseudo)halide ranking, other intriguing structure-reactivity trends were noted experimentally, including the unexpected observation that bulky alkyl (e. g., R=tBu) substitution in para-R-aryl-X electrophiles strongly discourages (pseudo)halide reactivity relative to smaller substituents (e. g., nBu, Et, Me), despite being both remote from, and having a similar electronic influence on, the reacting C-X bond; such effects on nickel oxidative addition have not been documented previously and were not observed in our comparator reactions presented herein involving palladium. Density functional theory modeling of such PhPAd-DalPhos/Ni-catalyzed C-N cross-couplings revealed the origins of competitive turnover of C-Br over C-Cl, and possible ways in which bulky para-alkyl substitution might discourage net electrophile uptake/turnover, leading to inversion of halide selectivity.

Sensitivity analysis for multi-measurement points based SHM in the mooring lines of floating offshore wind turbines

Abstract Structural health monitoring in floating offshore wind turbines’ mooring lines is vital for detecting early faults and preventing disruptions. Currently, sporadic and expensive monitoring is conducted via remote-operating vehicles. Efficient, automated, economical monitoring methods based on a continuous stream of data acquired via multiple measurement points in the wind turbine, are required. Such methods based on vibration signals have been investigated limitedly for steel chains. Recently, faulty synthetic mooring lines of a simulated 10MW semi-submersible wind turbine have been detected under varying environmental conditions and via the Functional Model Based Method (FMBM) equipped with functional models. The uncertainty due to the conditions’ stochasticity has been addressed by training the models using ten signal realizations per condition (wind) under the healthy wind turbine and from each of two measurement points. The current study presents a preliminary sensitivity analysis of the FMBM’s capability in detecting the simulated wind turbine’s faulty mooring lines when the functional models are trained using one signal realization per varying condition (wind) from each measurement point. The method’s effectiveness is evaluated with acceleration signals from 11 healthy/ 66 faulty (reduced stifness in one mooring line) cases. The FMBM detects all cases even when trained using one signal realization.

ПОДХОДЫ К ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЮ РИСК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОЙ И ТУРБУЛЕНТНОЙ ВНЕШНЕЙ СРЕДЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЗЕРНОВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА)

In the modern Russian socio-economic system, there is an objective increase in uncertainty and turbulence, which requires adequate management responses. In connection with the sanctions pressure, in agriculture the strategy of reducing the risks of import dependence is becoming a stimulating factor for development. The study was conducted on the example of grain production development, which has some specifics from the standpoint of management and, in particular, risk management. The purpose of the study is to generalize approaches to risk management in an uncertain and turbulent external environment and to develop on this basis a risk distribution scheme between management entities in the risk management system adapted to the specifics of grain production. It is shown that the increase in the values of economic indicators of grain production is influenced by natural and climatic conditions, they determine the quality of grain products, costs and the complex of applied agrotechnological measures. In addition to the observed "standard" variability of natural and climatic conditions, the study also identifies extreme risk events that require forecasting and consideration when managing grain production. Also, risks in the considered sphere are caused by diversity and interdependence of such factors as natural and climatic, soil, technological, economic, social, legal, etc. In their mutual interweaving, these factors determine annual fluctuations of economic indicators (yield, gross harvest, sown area) in grain production in Russia. As a result of the study, it was established that risk management procedures in the sphere of grain production should be carried out according to the hierarchical principle with the allocation of at least two levels: the coordinating level - the executive level. Based on this idea, an industry structural and functional model of risk management at various levels of decision-making has been developed. This model has the property of dualism: some levels are simultaneously coordinating, offering strategic solutions to lower levels, and executive - for higher structures. Implementation of the developed model in the practice of risk management in grain production will increase its sustainability and predictability.

ПОДХОДЫ К ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЮ РИСК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОЙ И ТУРБУЛЕНТНОЙ ВНЕШНЕЙ СРЕДЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЗЕРНОВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА)

In the modern Russian socio-economic system, there is an objective increase in uncertainty and turbulence, which requires adequate management responses. In connection with the sanctions pressure, in agriculture the strategy of reducing the risks of import dependence is becoming a stimulating factor for development. The study was conducted on the example of grain production development, which has some specifics from the standpoint of management and, in particular, risk management. The purpose of the study is to generalize approaches to risk management in an uncertain and turbulent external environment and to develop on this basis a risk distribution scheme between management entities in the risk management system adapted to the specifics of grain production. It is shown that the increase in the values of economic indicators of grain production is influenced by natural and climatic conditions, they determine the quality of grain products, costs and the complex of applied agrotechnological measures. In addition to the observed "standard" variability of natural and climatic conditions, the study also identifies extreme risk events that require forecasting and consideration when managing grain production. Also, risks in the considered sphere are caused by diversity and interdependence of such factors as natural and climatic, soil, technological, economic, social, legal, etc. In their mutual interweaving, these factors determine annual fluctuations of economic indicators (yield, gross harvest, sown area) in grain production in Russia. As a result of the study, it was established that risk management procedures in the sphere of grain production should be carried out according to the hierarchical principle with the allocation of at least two levels: the coordinating level - the executive level. Based on this idea, an industry structural and functional model of risk management at various levels of decision-making has been developed. This model has the property of dualism: some levels are simultaneously coordinating, offering strategic solutions to lower levels, and executive - for higher structures. Implementation of the developed model in the practice of risk management in grain production will increase its sustainability and predictability.

Correlation between functional tests and biomarker in return to sport tests of athletes with injuries to the knee region

A sports injury is a condition where damage occurs to the body tissue caused by sports activities. Data in the United States shows a high incidence rate of sports injuries which reaches 1.5 million per year, with half being serious injuries. Injuries to the lower limbs can generally lead to decreased performance, often preventing athletes from continuing as professionals. The Sports Physiotherapist is responsible for aiding recovery and improving the athlete’s performance so that they can return to their sport. Assessing an athlete’s ability to return to sport (RTS) requires tests that can predict their ability after injury. There is currently no consensus from the literature on the decision to return to sport given the lack of standardization and objective criteria. This research is a quantitative descriptive research in the form of a correlation study to analyze the relationship between the functional test model and the bilogical test of the success of the post-injury sports therapy program. Bivariate analysis shows that that the sit and reach test, and the hexagonal test are correlated with TGF Beta 1 results. Where the value r = 0,194 p = 0,160 yng means that there is no meaningful relationship between the Single Leg stance and the Beta 1 TGF.

Coefficient Shape Alignment in Multiple Functional Regression

In multivariate functional data analysis, different functional covariates often exhibit homogeneity. The covariates with pronounced homogeneity can be analyzed jointly within the same group, offering a parsimonious approach to modeling multivariate functional data. In this paper, a novel grouped multiple functional regression model with a new regularization approach termed “coefficient shape alignment” is developed to tackle functional covariates homogeneity. The modeling procedure includes two steps: first aggregate covariates into disjoint groups using the new regularization approach; then the grouped multiple functional regression model is established based on the detected grouping structure. In this grouped model, the coefficient functions of covariates in the same group share the same shape, invariant to scaling. The new regularization approach works by penalizing differences in the shape of the coefficients. We establish conditions under which the true grouping structure can be accurately identified and derive the asymptotic properties of the model estimates. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite-sample performance of the proposed methods. The practical applicability of the model is demonstrated through real data analysis in the context of sugar quality evaluation. This work offers a novel framework for analyzing the homogeneity of functional covariates and constructing parsimonious models for multivariate functional data.

Multi-criteria decision-making model for sustainability functions integrated Industry 4.0 technologies within small and medium enterprises in emerging countries

PurposeIn the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) era, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face significant pressure to make their manufacturing operations more sustainable. However, SMEs often lack the knowledge and information needed to leverage I4.0 technologies for achieving sustainability. This paper aims to develop a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model to prioritize sustainability functions supported by I4.0 technologies in SMEs.Design/methodology/approachThe fuzzy-DEMATEL method was developed to classify sustainability functions based on their prominence and influence, categorizing them into cause-and-effect groups. Experts in I4.0 technologies, sustainability and SMEs from Brazil were consulted during the data collection phase. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to validate the results obtained through the DEMATEL method.FindingsThe results indicate that the most prominent and influential sustainability functions include organizing production processes, employee skill development and simplifying production planning and control. Therefore, investing in I4.0 technologies to support these functions can enable SMEs to amplify the impact of their sustainability initiatives and improve operational efficiency. The authors also observed that improving quality monitoring is the primary function within the effect group.Practical implicationsThis paper serves as a roadmap for SME managers seeking to enhance the effectiveness of their sustainability practices using I4.0 technologies, thereby maximizing impact while minimizing the complexity of implementation.Originality/valueThis study ranks key sustainability functions as actions and practices that SMEs can implement using I4.0 technologies to achieve sustainability. It also identifies the most prominent and influential functions managers should prioritize when investing in I4.0 technologies.

Simile in Abdullah Farea and Sameer Nassar Translations of Hemingway's Men Without Women Short Stories

This study investigates the translation of similes in two Arabic versions of Ernest Hemingway’s Men Without Women, translated by Abdullah Fadhel Farea (2007) and Sameer Izzat Nassar (2003). Focusing on the cultural and stylistic importance of similes in Hemingway’s work, it examines the translation techniques used by each translator and evaluates their success in bridging linguistic and cultural differences. Using Katharina Reiss’s functional model (2000), the analysis assesses how semantic, lexical, and stylistic elements affect the translation of similes. It examines strategies like figurative equivalence, literal translation, and adaptation, highlighting both successful and problematic examples. The study reveals that while both translators aim to preserve Hemingway’s vivid imagery, their approaches to cultural nuances differ. The findings emphasize the importance of considering cultural context and audience expectations when translating similes to ensure both fidelity to the original text and resonance with the target readership.

Variable selection of partially functional linear spatial autoregressive model with a diverging number of parameters

In this article, we consider variable selection of partially functional linear spatial autoregressive model with a diverging number of parameters, in which the explanatory variables include infinite dimensional predictor procedure, treated as functional data, and multiple real valued scalar variate. By combining series approximation method, two-stage least squares method and a class of non convex penalty function, we propose a variable selection method to simultaneously select significant explanatory variables in the parametric component and estimate the corresponding parameter related to spatial lag of the response variable. Under appropriate conditions, we derive the rate of convergence of the series estimator of the functional and parametric component, and show that the proposed variable selection method processes the oracle property. That is, it can estimate the zero components as exact zero with high probability, and estimate the non zero components as efficiently as if the true model was known beforehand. Simulation result show that our proposed variable selection method has better finite sample property.Notably, in the case where the correlation among the explanatory variables in the parametric component is low, the proposed variable selection method performs well. An application of the proposed variable selection method serves as a practical illustration.

Low-dose cement stabilized large particle size graded crushed stone: Laboratory and field investigations

Compared with traditional graded crushed stone (GCS), the maximum aggregate size of large particle size GCS (LPS-GCS) is larger and the content of large-size aggregates is more, which can form an interlocking skeletal structure with a stronger bearing capacity. Nevertheless, LPS-GCS occasionally exhibits unstable performance, and one effective way to enhance LPS-GCS's mechanical and physical properties is to stabilize it with low-dose cement. In this study, four cement contents (1.5 %, 2.0 %, 2.5 %, and 3.0 %, by mass) were selected to form low-dose cement stabilized LPS-GCS (LCS-LPS-GCS) mixtures with a maximum aggregate particle size of 53 mm. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and compressive resilient modulus (CRM) tests were performed on LCS-LPS-GCS samples for different cement contents and curing times. Moreover, prediction models and correlations for the UCS and CRM at different curing times were established. Furthermore, a test road was used to evaluate the LCS-LPS-GCS's field compaction level and deflection. Laboratory test results indicated that while the California bearing ratio was significantly higher than that of conventional GCS, the maximum dry density of LPS-GCS designed in this study was close to that of conventional GCS. With the same cement content, LCS-LPS-GCS outperformed conventional GCS in terms of UCS and CRM. Based on the variation law of the mechanical properties, the ideal cement content should be around 2.5 %. There was a strong positive correlation between UCS and CRM scores from LCS-LPS-GCS. The UCS and CRM were appropriate to be predicted by exponential and growth functions models, respectively. The field investigations indicated that asphalt pavements reconstructed with LCS-LPS-GCS had high compaction and low deflection, resulting in better bearing capacity and durability. The results of this investigation can serve as a reference for the design and application of LCS-LPS-GCS base for long-lasting and resilient pavements.

Pelvic Floor Muscle Anatomy and its Contribution to Penile Erection in Olive Baboons.

Despite the number of studies on the contribution of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) to the penile erection process, their significance is still underestimated. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of PFM in the erection process in non-human primates. First, we performed an anatomical study of the penile structures in 12 baboon cadavers. Next, we created chronic electrophysiological models of normal erectile function in 25 olive baboons. We implanted electrodes on the cavernous nerves to control penile blood filling and placed other electrodes on the pudendal nerve to stimulate the ischiocavernosus muscles (ICM) contractions after sufficient blood filling, thus simulating both vascular and muscular phases of penile erection. We controlled the intracavernous pressure (ICP) during nerve stimulations and further performed a mathematical analysis of the collected data. We described the main pro-erectile muscle anatomy and its relationship with penile structures in monkeys. During neurostimulation studies, we showed the key role of ICM in achieving full penile rigidity with suprasystolic ICP up to 120-300 mm Hg. We also developed a math model for calculating the pro-erectile muscle's contraction force with high accuracy. In this study, we demonstrated the crucial role of PFM in the penile erection process using the monkey model, supporting the previous studies' data. We consider these results essential for a better, more complex understanding of the penile erection process and the participating structures in each stage. This is essential for further improving and designing novel erectile dysfunction diagnostics and treatment techniques.

Cerebral hyperactivation across the Alzheimer’s disease pathological cascade

Abstract Neuronal dysfunction in specific brain regions or across distributed brain networks is a known feature of Alzheimer’s disease. An often reported finding in the early stage of the disease is the presence of increased functional MRI (fMRI) BOLD signal under task conditions relative to cognitively normal controls, a phenomenon known as “hyperactivation”. However, research in the past decades yielded complex, sometimes conflicting results. The magnitude and topology of fMRI hyperactivation patterns have been found to vary across the preclinical and clinical spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease, including concomitant “hypoactivation” in some cases. These incongruences are likely due to a range of factors, including the disease stage at which the cohort is examined, the brain areas or networks studied, and the fMRI paradigm utilised to evoke these functional abnormalities. Additionally, a perennial question pertains to the nature of hyperactivation in the context of Alzheimer’s disease. Some propose it reflects compensatory mechanisms to sustain cognitive performance while others suggest it is linked to the pathological disruption of a highly regulated homeostatic cycle that contributes to, or even drives, disease progression. Providing a coherent narrative for these empirical and conceptual discrepancies is paramount to develop disease models, understand the synergy between hyperactivation and the Alzheimer’s disease pathological cascade, and tailor effective interventions. We first provide a comprehensive overview of functional brain changes spanning the course from normal ageing to the clinical spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease. We then highlight evidence supporting a close relationship between fMRI hyperactivation and in vivo markers of Alzheimer’s pathology. We primarily focus on task-based fMRI studies in humans, but also consider studies using different functional imaging techniques and animal models. We then discuss the potential mechanisms underlying hyperactivation in the context of Alzheimer’s disease, and provide a testable framework bridging hyperactivation, ageing, cognition, and the Alzheimer’s disease pathological cascade. We conclude with a discussion of future challenges and opportunities to advance our understanding of the fundamental disease mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease, and the promising development of therapeutic interventions incorporating or aimed at hyperactivation and large-scale functional systems.

Risky decision-making and nonsuicidal self-injury among university students: Examining the role of criticism feedback.

Risky decision-making putatively contributes to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) yet empirical support for this association is inconsistent. Studies have not simulated socioemotional contexts most closely linked to NSSI, which may partially explain mixed findings. Accordingly, we examined the association between NSSI and risky decision-making following the receipt of criticism from a close other, a key interpersonal context. The study included 286 university students (Mage = 21.11) oversampled for a lifetime history of NSSI. Participants completed a modified Iowa Gambling Task, in which they chose to play or pass on "good" and "bad" decks associated with monetary gains and losses. Participants also completed the Criticism Gambling Task, which was identical to the Iowa Gambling Task except critical audio comments preceded each block of trials. Based on results of multilevel growth curve analyses, decreases in risky decision-making were steeper on the Iowa Gambling Task compared to the Criticism Gambling Task, suggesting poorer learning in the context of criticism. Further, how past-month NSSI was related to changes in risky decision-making across blocks differed between the two tasks, b = -0.004, t(3140.00) = 2.48, p = .013. On the Iowa Gambling Task, all participants decreased their risky decision-making, whereas on the Criticism Gambling Task, higher past-month NSSI frequencies were associated with riskier decision-making. Our findings support associations between risky decision-making and NSSI in negative socioemotional contexts, consistent with functional models of NSSI.

Technique of functional simulation as a tool for providing the required quality of fortified bakery products

Relevance. The problem of irrational and unbalanced nutrition is relevant for almost all regions of Russia. There is a need to enrich everyday products with micronutrients that are of particular importance in the diet. Fortified bread and bakery products with specified consumer properties in the diet can be one of such valuable products.Methods. The methodology of structural analysis and design of systems (Structured Analysis and Design Technique, SADT) is often used in life cycle management of complex high-tech products and has not found wide application in the food industry. The authors substantiate the need to introduce tools for functional and graphical modeling of business processes that implement the SADT methodology in life cycle management to ensure the quality of finished bakery products.Results. An original generalized functional and logical model of the process “To produce enriched bread (bakery products) with regionally significant micronutrients” has been developed. The analysis of the technology of enriched bakery products, carried out at various levels of decomposition of the process, revealed that the quality of the finished product is significantly influenced by the choice of the technological stage of applying the components of the mixture proposed for the enriching composition. It has been established that preference should be given to organic forms of additives — components of the enriching composition. To preserve the nutritional properties of bakery products, an enriching composition is proposed to be applied to the surface of the finished product. The proposed method has been tested in experimental production conditions. Its manufacturability and controllability of the proposed technical solutions are proved. The approach to functional and graphical modeling of food technologies developed by the authors on the example of bakery products opens up prospects for improving the quality of finished products and can be widely used in food engineering.

Arbitration in the Age of Globalization: Addressing Cultural and Legal Diversity in Commercial Disputes to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals in Society

Objective: The article aims to identify the most effective ways to improve arbitration in the context of considering the influence of cultural and legal diversity factors in commercial disputes to achieve sustainable development goals in society. Theoretical Framework: Special attention is paid to the analysis of effective ways to improve arbitration in the context of considering the influence of cultural and legal diversity factors in commercial disputes to achieve sustainable development goals in society. Method: The methodology of the study involves the use of the IDEF3 functional modelling method. As a result of the study, a model for improving the processes of information support for arbitration processes in the context of taking into account the influence of cultural and legal diversity factors in commercial disputes was formed. Results and Discussion: The results obtained indicate the need for a more flexible approach to arbitration procedures in a globalized context, in particular, taking into account the cultural and legal characteristics of the parties to achieve sustainable development goals in society. Research Implications: The implications of the study are the dependence of the findings on the availability and quality of data on international arbitration procedures, which may be incomplete or heterogeneous across different legal cultures. Originality/Value: The practical significance lies in the disclosure of modern trends in the development of effective ways to improve arbitration in the context of considering the influence of cultural and legal diversity factors in commercial disputes to achieve sustainable development goals in society.