Model Of Social Protection Research Articles

MEDIOS DE VIDA RURALES, POBREZA Y PROTECCIÓN SOCIAL EN UN ANTIGUO PAÍS SOVIÉTICO, KIRGUISTÁN

In Kyrgyzstan, many rural families have tried to escape poverty by migrating to urban centres within the country or abroad. Although the poverty rate has tended to decline over the course of this century, it has recently increased significantly, mainly due to the COVID pandemic and its aftermath. A few years after independence from the USSR (1991), the national government reintroduced a model of social protection, albeit less generous than that of the Soviet era. With some partial reforms, this model has been maintained until today. Its effectiveness seems insufficient, especially the noncontributory component, which supports poor rural and urban families. The situation of the latter is aggravated by the limited scope and coverage of free public health services. Despite tight national budget margins, fiscal space could be created to refinance some national priorities. These include the social protection system. However, this system should also be redesigned to become more progressive and poverty-oriented.

CONCEPTUAL ISSUES OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

The purpose of the research is to identify scientifically based mechanisms for solving conceptual problems of social security in the direction of improving social protection in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The methodology of the research - the research process is carried out through a comparative scientific analysis of international and domestic practices that have developed at the level of sectoral management. The practical importance of the research - the article examines the possibilities of applying social protection programs to the development of the country's social protection system. As a result, the proposals presented in this article can be used to make informed decisions. The results of the research - the article can be used in the preparation of the regulatory framework and priority areas of the social protection system related to the infrastructure of the social protection system in Azerbaijan. The originality and scientific novelty of the research - the formation of systemic approaches in the scientific and managerial areas of social security based on the national model of social protection.

Reimagining long term care in Europe

Introduction: This 90 minute workshop will be a collaboration between IFICs Ageing and Frailty SIG, Age Platform Europe and a group of experts who supported the government of Bizkaia in developing an empowerment model for long-term care.
 The session will interest policy makers, researchers, advocates, patients, carers and professionals who plan, commission, fund, provide or regulate long-term care.
 The European Care Strategy sets out an EU vision on a rights based approach to long-term care with a co-production and preventative approach. It calls for a social protection model for financing care to make it accessible to all. It emphasises the need to integrate and coordinate health and social care, to invest in innovative solutions to improve care and working conditions and to build capacity and skills of the care workforce. The strategy publication coincided with the launch of a report by the Bizkaia council, AGE Platform Europe and a group of European academic experts. The Bay of Care report calls for a stronger commitment to a rights-based approach to long-term care. It proposes a more holistic view of older people’s well-being and quality of life with their goals and preferences central to the design of long term care within a person-centred and integrated system. The model takes a life-course approach to healthy ageing and both gender and social equity.
 Structure: Welcome and Scene setting - 20 minutes. Participants will hear short summaries of the EU Care Strategy; WHO Europe’s Framework to support countries to achieve an integrated continuum of long term care; and the Bay of Care Long-Term Care Empowerment Model.
 Facilitated world café style discussion in small groups - 60 minutes:
 Each table will host a discussion on the accelerators of the Long-Term Care Empowerment model:
 
 Implement multi-dimensional assessment and a person centred approach
 Universal access to care and ensure integration and continuity of care
 Improve workforce planning and assure quality of care
 Combat ageism and elder abuse and support families and communities
 
 Participants will rotate tables to reflect and discuss on what these accelerators mean for their own system in the context of local social and environmental factors, culture, gender and generational norms. 
 Inquiry questions to prompt discussion include:
 How should governance, finance and accountability be organised at national, regional and local levels? 
 What enables meaningful co-design by citizens, communities and care providers together? 
 How can we ensure strong horizontal integration between primary care, community providers, public health and local communities? 
 How can we strengthen integrated workforce planning to address workforce challenges?
 Facilitators will summarise the discussion to date and invite each new group to add insights and highlight tools and good practices relating to each theme. 
 Wrap up – 10 minutes: Participants will be invited to identify actions they can take within their own system and through collaboration with relevant international SIGs and policy forums to make an empowerment model of long term care a reality. 
 Actions and gaps will inform the SIG workplan and future sessions of the WHO Europe LTC forum.
 

Model of an Active Policy of Combatants’ Social Protection in Ukraine

Ukraine's choice of a democratic European path of development requires active and targeted measures in the political, security, social and other spheres. Today, Ukraine is undergoing an intensive process of developing a system of social protection for military men and veterans: the legal framework and institutional support are being updated and NATO standards are being introduced in order to achieve a high level of national defense capability. However, an effective model of social protection of veterans has not been formed during the years of independence. A number of issues remain unresolved, which testifies to the fragmentary nature of changes in the veterans' social protection policy, the improvement of individual components, and not the entire complex of mechanisms, methods, tools, and forms of its implementation. The challenges that the country is forced to take into account require the introduction of a new model of social protection for veterans and a clear vision of the set of mechanisms for its implementation, specific measures, and final results in the field of social protection of veterans.
 The objective of the article is to substantiate the need to implement in Ukraine a model of active policy of social protection of veterans, which will ensure the transition from a paternalistic nature to creating conditions for readaptation and use of the potential of social self-protection.

Development of National Social Insurance Systems in Ukraine and European Countries as a Factor in the Evolution of Human Rights to Social Security

"The purpose of this study is to investigate the state of social security in Ukraine and its comparative analysis in comparison with European countries, as well as to establish the concept, content, features, and purpose of this sphere in Ukraine. The methods used to study this subject can be distinguished as follows: dialectical method, formalisation method, law-cognising method, formal legal method, hermeneutical method, logical legal method, systemic, structural-functional method, axiomatic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, etc. The results of this study are the definition and clarification of the characteristics and features of legal regulation of social security in Ukraine; established the list of types of social security in Ukraine. The authors investigated the development of social security in Ukraine since 1990; analysed the development of social security in Europe and identified four main models of social protection through the implementation of social security; identified the main problems in the field of social security as one of the factors of social protection of the population. The authors defined the term “social security”, established the content and features of the national social security system of Ukraine; investigated the development of social security in Ukraine and in European countries."

Exploring the Role of Social Protection Interventions in Preventing Child Labour: Reinforcing the Case for a Human Rights-Based Model of Intervention

AbstractSocial protection measures have emerged as critical interventions to tackle child labour. However, the effectiveness of divergent models of social protection for preventing child labour is undertheorized by academic scholars, and the specific links between child labour and social protection policy generally are underexplored. To advance knowledge in this field, first, this article develops a conceptual framework to analyse evolving discourses relating to the design of social protection measures adopted by the World Bank (WB) and International Labour Organization (ILO). The analysis distinguishes between minimalist ‘safety-net and market-centred’ approaches to social protection (associated with the WB), and more fulsome ‘human rights-based’ interventions (associated with the ILO). The implications of these diverse models of social protection and their impact on children in economic exploitation are analysed. Second, the article engages in an innovative analysis of available empirical studies to measure the effectiveness in practice of different models of social protection. The article argues that interventions that are explicitly linked to broader socio-economic rights and align with a ‘human rights-based’ approach give rise to the most effective results. In contrast, interventions that adopt a ‘safety-net and market-centred’ approach can result in mixed outcomes, and/or increases in child labour. A further finding from the analysis reveals that the gendered burden of social reproduction work is a structural issue that cuts across all of the different social protection interventions and plays a crucial role in their varying outcomes. The article concludes with recommendations for policy makers that have implications for the design of ‘child-friendly’ social protection.

The financial, health, and social crisis in Europe. Developments and challenges from the Social Work perspective.

We conducted a descriptive documentary review study using a sequential design of the assessable indicators of European social policies developed between 2008 and 2019. The period between the 2008 financial crisis and the current COVID-19 health crisis was studied using Eurostat indicators to compare variables related to social risk and the governmental response offered by the sample countries to provide social protection. We attempted to understand the current crisis by examining the key social factors and potential connections with previous trends in the development of social policies in the European Union. On this basis, we identified effective strategies for managing the crisis. The data suggest that, in general, the European social protection model has not prevented the growth of inequality and social risk, thus calling for new ways and approaches to the design, implementation, and assessment of public policies to ensure their effectiveness. These new strategies involve re-envisioning social work as a key profession and discipline to promote social transformation.

Contemporary European Welfare State Transformations and the Risk of Erosion of Social Rights: A Normative Analysis of the Social Investment Approach

Over the last decades, there has been a huge debate on the transformations of the European Welfare State. The issue of its financial sustainability together with the emergence of new social risks has put under pressure the traditional model of social protection and created the conditions for a change in the gist of the welfare state provisions. In this context, the social investment approach has become an emerging reference paradigm to tackle new social risks and meet the need to recalibrate the European welfare state and ensure its economic sustainability. However, despite this success, social investment still seems to be a rather ambiguous concept, too vague to result in precise and univocal policy prescriptions and open to the risk of a stretch of its interpretation by neoliberal politics, to erode social rights. In this paper we propose a theoretical framework to better clarify the normative ground, the moral foundation and political justification of the social investment approach and to understand whether it can avoid the risk of the erosion of social rights.

Государство всеобщего благосостояния: философско-правовой аспект

The doctrine of the welfare state is considered. The welfare state is a theory formulated by J. Keynes in the work “The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money” (1936) and developed by J. Myrdal, J. Strechi, A. Pigou and others, in accordance with which the state is a spokesman for the interests of all sectors of society and: 1) has a positive impact on the private sector through regulation and control – price policy, taxes; 2) implements a policy of full employment and prevention of economic crises with the help of a planning and forecasting system; 3) implements the policy of social services – social security, social insurance assistance to sick and old people, etc., due to which a high standard of living of society is achieved. The welfare state can be characterized as a theory of social protection in oligarchic societies. The formation of the theory of the welfare state was influenced by human rights theories, socialist and egalitarian theories. The theoretical basis of the theory of the welfare state are welfare theories (from classical liberal to social welfare theory). A universal classification of the welfare state does not exist and cannot exist, because it is impossible to take into account all aspects due to the lack of relevant statistics and indicators. In our opinion, despite certain reservations, G. Esping-Andersen’s classification is the most successful attempt at a quantitative analysis of various models of social protection. It is based on an analysis of the signs of accessibility and the degree of coverage of the population with certain social payments and incomes, while taking into account the real influence of various political forces on this process. G. Esping-Andersen identified three main models: liberal, conservative, social democratic.

Tasks of the state policy of formation and implementation of social protection for persons with disabilities in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the tasks of the state policy of formation and implementation of social protection of persons with disabilities in Ukraine. The article analyzes international and national legislation in the researched area. In the article, the author provides the author's definition of the tasks of the state policy of the formation and implementation of social protection of persons with disabilities as a predetermined complex of decisions and actions of subjects of power, aimed at solving the problems of social protection of persons with disabilities. In addition, among the main tasks of social security of persons with disabilities recognized by the world community, namely the identification and elimination of obstacles and barriers that prevent the provision of rights and the satisfaction of needs, including access to public and civil facilities, improvement, transport infrastructure, road service (hereinafter – objects of the physical environment), transport, information and communication, as well as taking into account individual capabilities, abilities and interests – to education, work, culture, physical culture and sports; health care; social protection; ensuring the implementation of an individual rehabilitation program for persons with disabilities; provision of adapted housing; promotion of social activities. The author focuses on the fact that the inherited system of social protection of persons with disabilities is largely based on the medical model of disability. In addition, it was established that the issue of transition from the medical model of social protection is currently being updated, and currently the priority tasks of social protection of persons with disabilities are their autonomy and social inclusion; departure from the medical model of protection; the need to «transpose» the system of services for persons with disabilities, directing them to the independence and atomization of the individual.

STATE POLICY OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS

The article describes the modern features of the state policy of social protection in the conditions of global transformations. The level and features of social protection of the population in the conditions of globalization are determined. Global problems and contradictions of the state policy of social protection of the population in modern conditions are singled out. The directions of transformation of the state social policy and existing models of social protection of the population in the conditions of globalization are determined.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN CHOICE

The article studies basic principles in the functioning of national social protection systems, including the problems and their causes, offers an analysis of their pragmatic applications over the period from 2015 to 2020 and performs a comparison of the calculated euro-denominated social expenditure per person and total social expenditure indicators for Ukraine and several European countries selected to represent the four regions of the EU. Based on the results of performed analysis, it was found that the level of social protection development in Ukraine is lagging far behind all the EU countries, including the least performing ones. Taking into consideration the European experience and Ukraine’s countryspecific features, the authors provide substantiation for the main components of the national social protection model. The developed model includes the current and strategic directions of its development, the interactions between its elements, and the financial resources. The model also takes into account the impact of the factors of external environment, as well as Ukraine’s orientation towards proEuropean development objectives.

Features of legal regulation of social protection in Sweden

The purpose of the research was to determine Sweden’s positive experience in the field of social protection. To achieve this goal, general and special scientific research methods were used, in particular the system functional method, the method of hermeneutics, dialectical and statistical methods. The authors assume that the Scandinavian model of social protection (Sweden, Norway, Finland) differs from other European countries by a more developed social security system. In Scandinavian countries the state model of social protection prevails. The concept of “social protection” in these countries has been transformed into the concept of “social welfare”. This model includes a compulsory social policy, a state-regulated income level and the egalitarian and general nature of social benefits and assistance. It is concluded that the fundamental principle of the Swedish social model is its universality: it covers all segments of the population. For this reason, its study is particularly relevant. The article reveals the characteristics of social protection against unemployment in Sweden. Special attention is paid to the protection of children’s rights and aspects of family policy and gender equality.

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ЗАЩИТА НАСЕЛЕНИЯ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ И РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ

In the light of the ongoing changes in the economic, political and social spheres, the topic of social protection is more relevant and in demand than ever. Scientists, practitioners and the author face the task of rethinking social protection, its theoretical and conceptual provisions in the conditions of the existing reality and, as a result, the need to consider the periods of its development, identify emerging trends, and develop new periods and approaches. In periodical scientific socio-economic publications, social protection is usually considered in the context or composition of social policy. Social protection of the population is an integral part of the social policy of any state and plays an important role in society. There are very few scientific studies on the evolution of the formation of the social protection system of the population, taking into account historical and socio-economic periods of development in Russia. Moreover, the regional aspects of its formation and development remain insufficiently studied. The subject of the study is economic and social relations arising in connection with the rethinking of social protection, and its theoretical and conceptual provisions in the conditions of the existing reality. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of social protection, a retrospective of its development, identification of developing trends, and development of new periods and approaches. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing role of social protection in the light of ongoing changes in the economic, political and social spheres. The scientific novelty consists in the development of approaches to the analysis of the system of social assistance and support during the formation and development of market relations in the Russian Federation (1990 – present). The research methods are analysis, systematization, synthesis, induction, deduction, and modeling. At the same time, a modern multifaceted and multilevel model of the social protection system of the population with private-state forms of support and assistance is presented. The research results: the author presents the periodization of the formation and development of the social assistance and support system, which is considered in chronological order and is associated with the adoption of fundamental legislative and regulatory legal acts in this area, as well as certain historical events. The author concludes that the modern model of social protection of the population is imperfect and the process of its reform has not been completed, since the realities of public life are constantly changing, new challenges are emerging that force the social protection system to look for new forms, types, and response mechanisms.

MODELS OF SOCIAL POLICY AND SOCIAL WORK IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS

The article analyzes the range of European models of social policy and highlights some features for further consideration concerning the implementation of the EU social standards in the social work system of Ukraine. The following research methods were used to clarify the current state of the problem: analysis, comparison and generalization of data from scientific and educational literature and periodicals, etc. It is proved that in the works of Ukrainian researchers the main emphasis is placed on the correlation between social policy and social work. Different classifications of social policy models, social protection and social services are given by features: the role of the state, the basics of distribution, the correspondence of economic and social policy in the implementation of an effective social work system. Basic models of social protection in the countries with industrialized economy are given according to E. Andersen: liberal, conservative and social-democratic. According to R. Titmuss’s classification, there are 3 models: residual, institutional-redistributive, industrial achievements / action. Various pension systems according to the classification of J. Paime are revealed: institutional, residual, for merits at work, civil. Quite an interesting distribution of models of social protection, among which the lion's share belongs to European countries, can be traced in the works of S. Leibfried and R. Mishra, where in addition to the residual and institutional models, there is also a "socialist" model. The research of the Slovak scholar M. Beblavy, who made an attempt to typologize the model of the welfare state of Central and Eastern Europe, deserves attention. A. Antonnen and J. Sipila are noted; they classify the models of social services in European countries according to the level of development of various social services and from the view of institutional subjects. Another effective model of the welfare state is described – it is a social investment welfare state. Thus, extensive experience in implementing social policy and social work in the European Union has shown that these countries have gone from charity in social support to the formation of a "welfare state" that guarantees its citizens an optimal system of social security and social protection.

Financing social protection in Ukraine on the basis of EU best practices

The paper analyzes the main aspects of the organization and support of territorial communities in the field of social security of the population of Ukraine. The main directions of development of the process of providing social services are outlined. The main instruments of budget financing of social protection and social security of the population of Ukraine are determined and the effects that affect the volume of expenditures of the State and Consolidated budgets on the social sphere are investigated. The existing problems in the field of social security are studied and the need to harmonize social standards with the standards of the European Union is emphasized. The thesis is put forward on the need to implement a number of measures for Ukraine's timely response to the sharp increase in socio-economic needs in the global crisis. Emphasis is placed on the problems and prospects for the development of social security in the decentralization process. The range of problems for the effective response of social policy to rapid changes in the development of the modern world economy is outlined. The necessity of the analysis of the EU experience in the field of social security and the need to adapt the best European practices in order to comply with the Western European models of social protection and / or social insurance is substantiated. The need to apply the tools of theoretical and methodological analysis of the conceptual foundations of sustainable development of social security to specific circumstances and realities in Ukraine. The study focuses on the relevance of strategic and operational objectives of the new Law of Ukraine "On Social Services" and the need for further harmonization of existing legislation with the basic standards of the Council of Europe and the European Union.

Towards a typology of social protection for migrants and refugees in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 health crisis has put to the test Latin America’s already precarious social protection systems. This paper comparatively examines what type of social protection has been provided, by whom, and to what extent migrant and refugee populations have been included in these programmes in seven countries of the region during the COVID-19 pandemic, between March and December 2020. We develop a typology of models of social protection highlighting the assemblages of actors, different modes of protection and the emerging migrants’ subjectification in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay in relation to Non-Contributory Social Transfer (NCST) programmes and other actions undertaken by state and non-state actors. The analysis is based on 85 semi-structured interviews with representatives of national and local governments, International Organisations, Civil Society Organisations, and migrant-led organisations across 16 cities, and a systematic review of regulatory frameworks in the country-case studies. The proposed typology shows broad heterogeneity and complexity regarding different degrees of inclusion of migrant and refugee populations, particularly in pre-existing and new NCST programmes. These actions are furthering notions of migrant protection that are contingent and crisis-driven, imposing temporal limitations that often selectively exclude migrants based on legal status. It also brings to the fore the path-dependent nature of policies and practices of exclusion/inclusion in the region, which impact on migrants’ effective access to social and economic rights, while shaping the broader dynamics of migration governance in the region.

COVID-19 and disconnected youth: Lessons and opportunities from OECD countries.

This paper highlights how the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has amplified economic instability and health risks for disconnected youth and young adults (YYA). We offer a brief review of governmental policy responses in four OECD countries and how they may impact the disconnect YYA within those countries. Literature was reviewed utilizing Cochrane Library, ERIC, PsychINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science to outline existing inequities among disconnected YYA and COVID-19 economic and health impacts. Government responses to COVID-19 from four OECD countries were reviewed. Using the social protection model, we highlighted significant policy changes and developments that influence the protection of vulnerable populations and evaluated the potential effect of long-term economic dislocations prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Disconnected YYA suffered significant financial and health burdens with no social protection floor in place. Lessons learned prior to and during the pandemic indicate that initiatives aimed at improving health and well-being among vulnerable YYA and their communities must be adequately funded, flexible, and comprehensive. Attempts to connect or reconnect YYA who were disconnected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic will require a re-envisioning of policy. Globally, governments must invest in social safety net programs that focus on supporting those most at-risk. A concentrated focus on job creation, education and training, and paid work experience, investments in early childhood care and education, housing, health and mental health care is necessary to not only offset the pandemic's effects but also support thriving in the future for YYA.

Model of social protection for war veterans to improve their social well-being and health in the Russian Federation

The relevance of the studied problem is determined by the need to constantly improve the system of social protection of veterans in changing socio-cultural conditions to make it more consistent with the tasks and priorities of social and demographic policy and modern social threats and risks. The objective of the article is to study the Russian experience of social protection of war veterans and to develop practical recommendations for its improvement by updating the model of social protection of veterans to improve their social well-being and health. Research methods: systemic (integrative) method, assuming the need to analyze social, economic, legal, and other measures to support veterans and the elderly; expert survey; modelling. As a result of the study, the authors draw conclusions and offer recommendations on the improvement and implementation of the model of social protection of war veterans to improve their social well-being and health. The practical significance of the conducted study lies in the possibility of using the developed recommendations in the sphere of social policy and social work with veterans and the elderly, social gerontology, and practical activities of social protection institutions for senior citizens.

Халықты әлеуметтік қорғау моделдері: халықаралық тәжірибе

The article is devoted to the analysis of international experience of management models in the sphere of social protection of the population of foreign states. The article describes the existing basic models of providing social assistance to the population. On the example of other countries, the questions of the peculiarities of the models of social protection of this or that country are raised, as well as the problems of the development of human rights. doi.org/10.52536/KjD/vol_69_issue_1_A6