Model Of National Culture Research Articles

Quality leadership, technology integration and patient care quality across countries: moderating roles of national culture and infrastructure development

PurposeTo better understand the nature and effective delivery of quality health-care globally, this paper aims to study the role of quality leadership on patient care quality (PCQ) delivered in hospitals, including the intervening role of technology integration and two country-level factors – national culture and infrastructure development – in North America (Canada, Mexico and the USA).Design/methodology/approachPCQ comprises four facets: interpersonal, technical, environmental and administrative quality. Using survey data and interdisciplinary theoretical support (e.g. quality management and the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Project [GLOBE] model of national culture), this paper tested for moderated mediation between hospital quality leadership and the four-facet PCQ model with technology integration as the mediator and national culture and infrastructure development as moderators.FindingsResults show that technology integration partially mediates the relationship between hospital quality leadership and PCQ and that national culture and infrastructure development shape the role of hospital quality leadership on PCQ. Hence, these national factors must be considered holistically to understand the impact of hospital quality leadership on patient care.Practical implicationsTo improve PCQ, hospital leaders should broaden their understanding of quality health-care to include technology integration and an awareness of cultural and institutional differences across nations.Originality/valueThis paper used primary data from hospital quality leaders and the four-facet PCQ conceptualization across three large North American nations, offering a more global understanding of service quality in health-care.

Extracting organizational culture from text: the development and validation of a theory-driven tool for digital data

ABSTRACT Understanding organizational culture and practices (OCPs) is crucial for business success, yet current assessments rely heavily on self-reports. We developed the “Dictionary of Organizational Culture and Practices”, the first theory-based text analysis tool designed to quantify OCPs as an alternative to surveys. Our approach integrates computational natural language processing with expert human judgement, using a 26 million words large corpus consisting of employee reviews of 526 companies, 1,121 mission and vision statements, and 285 company websites. We replicate Hofstede’s six-dimensional model of OCPs, not to be confused with Hofstede’s widely known model of national culture. Criterion validity is established by comparing our tool to existing ones that used data-driven approaches. Notably, our tool demonstrates construct validity through the striking similarity of the dimensional structure with survey-based measures. The level of alignment varied depending on the type of text, with congruence coefficients exceeding .9. Our findings offer valuable insights for academics and managers seeking to understand and shape an organization’s culture more effectively.

Крос-культурний профіль лідера: вплив національної культури

National culture directly affects people’s values, mentality, and dominant management style. Managers of companies in different countries now acutely feel the influence of the cultural context of the country where they work. Understanding and considering the cultural characteristics of various countries with representatives of which a particular company interacts positively affects the company’s management process, creating a synergistic effect in increasing the efficiency of its activities. The most comprehensive assessment of the impact of national culture on the personnel management of an organization that operates in the conditions of several national cultures is a methodical approach based on the approach developed by a group of scientists under the leadership of G. Hofstede and is the 6-D model. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the country’s national culture in which the company operates on the cross-cultural profile of the leader in such a company, based on the 6-D model of national culture. The basis of the 6-D model of national culture is the analysis of the influence of six cultural dimensions, according to which a group of scientists under the leadership of G. Hofstede analyzed the national cultures of different countries of the world. The influence of the country’s national culture in which the company operates on the cross-cultural profile of the leader in such a company was analyzed based on the 6-D model of national culture. Because of the analysis, it was determined that five of the six cultural dimensions of the 6-D model of national culture directly affect the cross-cultural profile of the leader. These are such dimensions as “power distance,” “individualism versus collectivism,” “masculinity versus femininity,” ” uncertainty avoidance,” and “time orientation.” The cultural dimension “Indulgence versus restraint” does not directly affect the peculiarities of personnel management and leadership styles’ peculiarities, respectively. Keywords: cross-cultural profile of a leader, national culture, 6-D model of national culture, “power distance”, ” individualism versus collectivism”, ” masculinity versus femininity”, ” uncertainty avoidance “, “time orientation”.

China's National Public Cultural Security Construction under the Cultural Differences Between East and West

Since Hu Huilin's concept of China's national cultural security was proposed, it has inspired many qualitative studies, and then Han Yuan's team introduced quantitative research methods in 2021. On this basis, this study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis to explore the current situation, challenges, and coping strategies of China's national cultural security, especially the impact of cultural differences between Chinese and Western cultures on China's cultural security in the context of globalisation. It also conducts a data-driven comparative study using Hofstede's National Culture Model and existing national cultural security assessment indicator systems. The analysis focuses on six cultural dimensions, including power distance, individualism masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and indulgence. The findings suggest that China differs significantly from the West in terms of individualism and long-term orientation, which has important implications for China's cultural policies and social structures. China's power distance and relatively low uncertainty avoidance index provide opportunities for the development of cultural innovation and diversity. Moreover, the balance between indulgence and restraint is equally important in preserving cultural diversity and promoting social harmony.

SOCIOLOGICAL NEXUS BETWEEN CULTURE AND TERRORISM IN TERMS OF HOFSTEDE’S DIMENSIONS

This study aims to indicate the cultural factors nexus terrorism in terms of Bourdieusian terminology’s conceptual framework, which synthesizes social, economic, and cultural explanations and thus proves useful for studying political and religious radicalization, extremism, and recruitment to terrorism. This analysis can be used to comparatively assess the countries’ cultural tendencies relevant to terrorism. In this study, Hofstede's culture scale, which is regarded as a paradigm and towering figure by most scholars was used. The research endeavors to illustrate the effects of Hofstede's cultural dimensions (widely known model of national culture) on Global Terrorism Index scores via a multiple linear regression model. Terrorists marginalized others and created their discourse to commit rhetoric narrated by fairy tales and protagonists. The findings expressed that whereas the power distance has an increasing effect on terrorism (while increasing terrorism), the long-term orientation has a mitigating effect (reduces terrorism). On the other hand, no significant results were obtained from the dimension of individualism versus collectivism, femininity versus masculinity, avoidance of uncertainty, and indulgence versus restraint. However; we evaluate that social media usage has a centralizing and affiliating effect between collectivism and individualism.

Aligning Schwartz’s model of culture with that of Minkov-Hofstede

Recent studies have shown that the validated dimensions in the best-known models of national culture converge into a two-dimensional default model, yielding a cultural map of the world reminiscent of the geographic one. The revised Minkov-Hofstede model is very similar to that default, whereas Inglehart-Welzel’s model is a rotated and flipped variant of it. However, another popular model - Schwartz’s - differs from the default: it does not have a dimension capturing the cultural contrast between East Asia and Latin America plus Africa. Consequently, it cannot explain national differences in educational achievement and a number of other important national indicators, relevant in international business. This omission in Schwartz’s model is puzzling as its author claims to have analyzed all values with invariant meanings across the world. On the other hand, Schwartz’s model has an idiosyncratic “mastery-harmony” dimension that is not consistent with any geo-economic pattern and has poor predictive properties, constituting another weakness. We show that these idiosyncrasies of Schwartz’s model stem from Schwartz’s controversial decision to ipsatize his items and use multidimensional scaling: a method which, even without ipsatization, can create spatial opposites of items that are not negatively correlated. A principal component analysis of raw (non-ipsatized) Schwartz value domains does yield a variant of the default model of culture. We argue that although ipsatizing Schwartz value measures is not wrong in an absolute sense, it yields an impoverished and somewhat puzzling image of cultural differences across the globe, whereas raw measures reproduce the Minkov-Hofstede variant of the default model relatively well, although a different selection of values might perform even better.

The impact of workplace characteristics on the quality of communication between medical personnel and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of doctors and nurses

Cultural impact on the Polish and Ukrainian results of the TSIDAV vignette (Thrombocytopenia Symptoms Impact on patients Daily Activities Assessment Vignette) was analyzed. The impact of the disease symptoms was assessed using TSIDAV vignette and the main research was followed by the analysis related to the cultural impact on the results. The cultural impact analysis was based on Hofstede’s national culture model. 49 Ukrainian and 61 Polish patients participated. Mean Ukrainian TSIDAV value was 0.31 (SD 0.83). Gender values ranged <0 to -1.0, and according to the key for results interpretation it confirmed high disease impact on daily activities. Higher disease impact among men than among women (mean TSIDAV value 0.18, SD 0.95; and 0.44, SD 0.69 respectively). Mean Polish TDSIDAV value was 0.68 (SD 0.69). Among Polish women mean value was -0.85 (SD 0.54), within men mean -0.35 (SD 0.83). Applying G. Hofstede’s cultural model Ukrainian Power Distance score 92 reflects power holders societal distance. Low scores of Individualism and Masculinity dimensions. Uncertainty avoidance score 95, meaning feeling threatened by ambiguous situations. Long term orientation dimension score 86 reflects Ukrainian society pragmatism. Polish results shown hierarchical (scoring 68), individualist (score 60), masculine society (score 64). Avoidance dimension scores 93 in Poland, meaning avoiding uncertainty preference. Long Term Orientation dimension scored 38, defining more normative than pragmatic society.

Cross country comparison of cultural dimensions’ impact on the results of thrombocytopenia symptoms influence on patients' daily activities assessed with TSIDAV vignette

Cultural impact on the Polish and Ukrainian results of the TSIDAV vignette (Thrombocytopenia Symptoms Impact on patients Daily Activities Assessment Vignette) was analyzed. The impact of the disease symptoms was assessed using TSIDAV vignette and the main research was followed by the analysis related to the cultural impact on the results. The cultural impact analysis was based on Hofstede’s national culture model. 49 Ukrainian and 61 Polish patients participated. Mean Ukrainian TSIDAV value was 0.31 (SD 0.83). Gender values ranged <0 to -1.0, and according to the key for results interpretation it confirmed high disease impact on daily activities. Higher disease impact among men than among women (mean TSIDAV value 0.18, SD 0.95; and 0.44, SD 0.69 respectively). Mean Polish TDSIDAV value was 0.68 (SD 0.69). Among Polish women mean value was -0.85 (SD 0.54), within men mean -0.35 (SD 0.83). Applying G. Hofstede’s cultural model Ukrainian Power Distance score 92 reflects power holders societal distance. Low scores of Individualism and Masculinity dimensions. Uncertainty avoidance score 95, meaning feeling threatened by ambiguous situations. Long term orientation dimension score 86 reflects Ukrainian society pragmatism. Polish results shown hierarchical (scoring 68), individualist (score 60), masculine society (score 64). Avoidance dimension scores 93 in Poland, meaning avoiding uncertainty preference. Long Term Orientation dimension scored 38, defining more normative than pragmatic society.

Students from humanities and human sciences are basically the same aren’t they? Cultural factors affecting entrepreneurship in Iran

In a third-generation university, concepts of creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship, help link the university with industry and society. These concepts, however, have not been uniformly distributed across all university disciplines. This paper, reviews the characteristics of a third-generation university, focusing on the capabilities of the humanities faculties to address the challenges and barriers of entrepreneurship. Identification of these notions is important for the development of the humanities in academic entrepreneurship. This research was conducted among 80 Iranian humanities entrepreneurs, using the Hofstede Model of National Culture and Entrepreneurial Tendency and Action questionnaires as data collection tools. Entrepreneurial tendency among those in the human sciences disciplines was greater than those in the humanities. Short-term orientation was only influential in the humanities group. However, individualism–collectivism and short-term orientation were influential to entrepreneurial tendency in both disciplines. While the power distance (high) was influential to entrepreneurial tendency in the humanities. The findings of this study showed significant entrepreneurial tendency differences between students from the humanities and human sciences. The findings also show that entrepreneurial tendency in the humanities is mostly influenced by cultural factors. This research has provided invaluable knowledge of the entrepreneurial differences from a cultural perspective in the third-generation university.

Deciphering cultural differences between local and foreign contracting firms using Hofstede’s national culture model in the construction industry

Most construction works in the Zambian construction industry are executed by foreign contractors who are eligible to tender for large-scale construction projects. These works amount to 85% of the national contract value. Foreign contractors are seen as better performers in project deliverables of time, cost and schedule compared to local contractors. This research investigated the magnitude to which national culture impacts contractor performance in the Zambian construction industry. A comparison of culture and performance was made between foreign and local firms in the two top construction categories, using Hofstede’s national culture framework to determine performance improvements of local contractors. A total 112 questionnaires were collected and SPSS was used to analyse the data descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that foreign contractors manage uncertainty avoidance in a more superior manner compared to local contractors. The clients rated foreign contractors as better performers apart from health and safety. The study established that Local contractors must improve their performance if they are to compete favourably with the foreign contractors' success record.

Dodaci preduzetništva o Hofstedeovim dimenzijama nacionalne kulture

Hofstede's definition (2001) of national culture - that it is mental programming: a pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions that each person acquires in childhood and then applies throughout life - arms us with an ability to explain the differences in attitudes towards work. In his model, which consists of six dimensions, Hofstede describes the society's culture effect on values. As national culture is deeply rooted in the society's norms and shapes the individual's behavior, it very strongly molds the entrepreneurial spirit in one country. Namely, a society that wants to promote entrepreneurship and the emergence of more entrepreneurs definitely needs culture that supports it. The paper introduces fear of failure as a seventh dimension and high status to entrepreneurs as an eighth dimension to Hofstede's six-dimensional model of national culture, and looks closely into countries' differences by analyzing the impact that the dimensions have on the determination of that country's population to start a business. By studying the secondary data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, eight economies have been desk-researched.

Evolution of the Hofstede Model of Cultural Dimensions: Parallels Between Objective and Subjective Culture

Some 40 years ago, the Dutch social scientist Geert Hofstede laid the foundations of the science of modern cultural comparisons and created the most popular model of national culture that is still in use today across the world. Meanwhile, numerous issues with that model have been identified and the need for a thorough revision has become obvious. This article briefly explains Hofstede’s model and its issues and summarizes the existing revisions of it, resulting in a new, simpler, and more robust Minkov-Hofstede model. This new version explains a wide range of differences in national indicators, such as transparency-corruption, gender equality, road death tolls and industrial fatalities, educational achievement, violent crime, adolescent fertility, family structure, and innovation rates, to name just a few. These indicators form a pattern that is similar to the new Minkov-Hofstede model and can be explained through similar theories. This is evidence that subjective culture (what people think and feel) has a mirror image in objective culture (what people do). The new Minkov-Hofstede model can be applied to countries, as well as to some sub-national units such as US states.

Influence of National Culture on Perspectives and Factors Affecting Student Dropout: A Comparative Study of Australia, Saudi Arabia, and Ethiopia

Student dropout is a complex issue with significant repercussions for educational institutions and nations. Using the Hofstede national culture model, this study assessed the various social, psychological, economic, and organizational factors that influence student dropout. Since developed, developing, and least-developed countries score differently on the Hofstede model, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and Ethiopia were selected as representative nations. The evaluation indicates that social factors may have a low, moderate, and high influence on student dropout rates in Australia, Saudi Arabia, and Ethiopia, respectively. Different organizational factors may influence student dropout rates in Australia, Saudi Arabia, and Ethiopia. In Australia and Ethiopia, psychological factors may play a larger role in student dropout than in Saudi Arabia. In Australia and Ethiopia, economic factors may play a larger role in determining student attrition than in Saudi Arabia. In Australia, the dropout rate among female students may not be a major concern, while it could be a more prominent concern in Ethiopia and Saudi Arabia. However, in Saudi Arabia, such concerns are mitigated by the substantial financial assistance provided by the government to students pursuing an education.

Cultural Influence on Koreans' Continuous Use Behavior: A Case of the South Korean Government Portal Website

Although South Korea's e-government development is in a leading position worldwide, its government portal websites are not very popular with the public. Koreans are reluctant to use government portal websites continuously. One possible reason is that culture influences citizens' continuous use behavior. For the first time, this paper introduces the national culture model and nudge theory into the research of the citizens' continuous use of government portal websites. Based on the national cultural model, this study established a model of influencing factors on the citizens' continuous use of government portal websites. Through hierarchical regression analysis, this paper finds that the citizens' continuous use of South Korean government portal websites is influenced by three cultural dimensions: power distance, femininity, and long-term orientation. In view of these results, this paper discusses these Korean cultures that influence citizens' continuous use behavior of government portal websites. Furthermore, combined with the nudge theory, this paper puts forward some countermeasures for the Korean government to improve the citizens' continuous use of government portal websites.

Innovative Business Models in the Context of Organizational Culture Transformation in the COVID-19 Pandemic

The purpose of this article was to establish the interrelations and mutual influence of organizational culture transformation, national culture, and innovative business models’ formation under the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve the study goal, a multi-stage comprehensive exploratory study based on primary information obtained by expert interviewing was implemented. The developed methodological approach was tested on the example of small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia and China. As a result of the conducted testing, the previously formulated hypotheses were fully proved. H1: the negative shock of the pandemic and the ensuing quarantine restrictions caused critical changes in the business environment, cancelling the relevance of previously effective business models. H2: the new business environment required enterprises to significantly transform their organizational culture. H3: under the conditions of shock changes in the business environment and forced transformation of organizational culture the main condition for the sustainable development of enterprises is innovative business models. Н4: implementation of innovative business models depends on both the business environment and the influence of national culture. The main obstacles to the implementation of innovative business models in small and medium-sized enterprises were also identified. The developed methodological approach can be used in the real sector of the economy by state organizations and non-state funds in the development of programs to assist small and medium-sized businesses in the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the study results may be of interest to academic researchers, suggesting empirically determined stable relationships (hypotheses H1, H2, H3, H4) between the transformation of organizational culture, national culture, and innovative business models’ formation to ensure sustainable development of enterprises under the COVID-19 pandemic and opening new promising directions for further research.

A Study of the Influence of Cultural Distance on the Retention of Multinational Exhibitors

ABSTRACT Customer retention is an important basis for International Trade shows to obtain sustained competitive advantage, and the retention of multinational exhibitors is largely influenced by cultural heterogeneity. This study intends to explore the influence of cultural distance on the retention of multinational exhibitors based on Hofstede’s national culture model. It is based on an analysis of 4476 multinational exhibitors from 7 famous international trade shows in China through web crawler technology. The results reveal that total cultural distance has a significant positive effect on the retention of multinational exhibitors. However, different sub-dimensions under cultural distance may have different effects. In terms of sub-dimensions including power distance, individualism and uncertainty avoidance, the greater the cultural distance, the easier it is to retain customers. As for sub-dimensions of long term orientation, the estimated results display an opposite tendency. The findings contribute to the literature and have practical implications for international trade shows’ service and management.

Determining paths of innovation: The role of culture on the adoption on organic farming management

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to understand whether national culture is linked with operative performance of organic agriculture. The ultimate goal is, indeed, to measure the impact of social change on technical innovation and sustainability issues. We built an econometric model where the impact of some of the six dimensions of national culture by Geert Hofstede is tested on inputs and outputs of organic production, on a country‐based scale. We collected data about the evolution of organic agriculture through the last two decades, extracting data about 27 countries of the European Union from 2000 to 2017. We tested the dataset into two passages: we first employed a DEA model to assess efficiency of organic farming, and then we correlated results to Hofstede 6‐D model of national culture. We observed the existence of a relationship between culture and innovation, explaining the importance of determined values in people's management within the firm. The operative performance of organic agriculture is linked to determined culturally influenced business values. We used efficiency results as variables for measuring innovation approach based on cultural models. It has been enhanced the relevance to the nexus innovation‐culture approaching to one of the most innovation‐resistant industrial sectors.

The Impact of Culture on Learning Transfer in Burkina Faso and Ghana

Culture is a predominant force in people’s lives that impacts learning and thus culture influences learning transfer. Because working across nations has become the norm and every year billions of dollars are spent on professional learning around the world, it is crucial for organisations to understand the role culture plays in the learning transfer process. Using a multidimensional model of learning transfer and the six dimensions of national culture model as conceptual frameworks, this qualitative study used a case study approach to examine the impact of culture on learning transfer in Burkina Faso and Ghana, West Africa. Interviews were conducted with 20 principals who attended leadership professional learning in Ghana and Burkina Faso. Data collection also included observations and document analysis. Findings indicated that several cultural factors influenced learning transfer in these two nations in the areas of pretraining and follow-up. Based on these findings, the author offers recommendations.

The Role of Cultural Values in National-Level Innovation: Evidence from 106 Countries

Innovation constitutes a key factor for the economy and the competitiveness of societies. Using the Hofstede model of national culture, previous studies investigated the influence of different cultural dimensions on national-level innovation. These studies provided for mixed evidence regarding the influence and weight of each cultural dimension in innovation. By considering possible explanations for these inconsistent results, the present study ( N = 106 countries) showed that only two cultural dimensions seem to be consistently associated with innovation. Cultures that view change as necessary (long-term oriented) and are more accepting of norm violations (displaying low uncertainty avoidance) tend to promote innovation. These results shed new light on the way cultural tightness and social regulation processes can affect innovative behaviors.

Trust in data‐requesting organizations—A quantitative analysis on cultural antecedents and individual‐level perceptions

AbstractInteractions in situations involving the disclosure of personal information require trust‐based relationships. However, trust manifests in different ways, depending on the cultural and contextual environment. An in‐depth understanding of how culture influences trust is therefore of considerable importance to managing situations that require the disclosure of sensitive health information, both from an academic and practical perspective. Drawing on the Model of National Culture and the Development of Trust, our study investigates culture as a determinant of trust in data‐requesting organizations. We link the model's three cultural dimensions (relation to self, risk, and authority) with Hofstede's study cultural dimensions and the privacy calculus (Laufer and Wolfe's study). To test our hypotheses, we analyze survey data collected in Nigeria, in cooperation with a non‐governmental organization working on data‐driven healthcare solutions. Our results confirm an influence of culture on trust in data‐requesting organizations which is, however, dependent on the cultural dimension. In addition, we show that perceived benefits increase trust significantly and provide a theoretical starting point for extending the Model of National Culture and the Development of Trust by the dimension relation to benefit.