Human Torso Model Research Articles

Anatomically Detailed Simulation of Human Torso

Many existing digital human models approximate the human skeletal system using rigid bodies connected by rotational joints. While the simplification is considered acceptable for legs and arms, it significantly lacks fidelity to model rich torso movements in common activities such as dancing, Yoga, and various sports. Research from biomechanics provides more detailed modeling for parts of the torso, but their models often operate in isolation and are not fast and robust enough to support computationally heavy applications and large-scale data generation for full-body digital humans. This paper proposes a new torso model that aims to achieve high fidelity both in perception and in functionality, while being computationally feasible for simulation and optimal control tasks. We build a detailed human torso model consisting of various anatomical components, including facets, ligaments, and intervertebral discs, by coupling efficient finite-element and rigid-body simulations. Given an existing motion capture sequence without dense markers placed on the torso, our new model is able to recover the underlying torso bone movements. Our method is remarkably robust that it can be used to automatically "retrofit" the entire Mixamo motion database of highly diverse human motions without user intervention. We also show that our model is computationally efficient for solving trajectory optimization of highly dynamic full-body movements, without relying any reference motion. Physiological validity of the model is validated against established literature.

Numerical simulation of Non-Lethal Kinetic Energy Projectile Impact on Human Torso Model

In order to analyse the dynamic response and damage characteristics of human tissues and organs under the non-lethal kinetic energy projectiles, a numerical simulation model of human torso is established based on the Chinese visual human (CVH) data sets. By the dummy established with CVH data sets, the calculation accuracy of movement of human torso impact by non-Lethal kinetic energy projectile of finite element model were validated, and the skin perforation performance were validated by animal test. The non-lethal kinetic energy projectile, which is rubber ball in diameter 8mm and 50 shores hardness, impact on human torso with different velocity were calculated, the dynamic responses of sternum, rib and lung were captured and analysed. The results shows that, if the projectile speed is near the probability perforation velocity, due to the hardness of projectile and structure of organs and ribs, the projectile will rebound no matter the skin is perforation or not, and the vulnerable organ lung may not be damaged. At the same time, the pressure of lungs without skin penetration were significantly higher than skin without penetration, the human damage risk under soft projectiles is greater than hard projectiles when skin with damage but without perforation.

Study of blunt impact effects of rifle bullet penetrating the SiC/UHMWPE armor covered human torso

To study the behind armor blunt trauma (BABT), a finite element model of a 5.8 mm rifle bullet penetrating the SiC/UHMWPE armor covered human torso was established. The human torso model comprises internal organs (heart, lung, liver, and stomach), skeleton (sternum, ribs, and spine), and muscle. It is assumed that the skeleton and muscle is linear elastic, and all internal organs are viscoelastic and hyperelastic. The impact response of a rifle bullet penetrating a human target with bulletproof armor at a speed of 900m/s is numerically simulated. The deformation data of bullet and body armor were obtained. In addition, the von Mises stresses of muscle, skeleton, and internal organs were analyzed. The numerical model provides an effective method for studying BABT and the improvement of bulletproof armor.

An ECG generative model of myocardial infarction

Background and Objective Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of Myocardial Infarction (MI) using machine learning depends on a large amount of clinical Electrocardiogram (ECG) data. Existing infarct ECG databases face the problem of class imbalance. Data augmentation using generative simulation models is a new approach to effectively address this problem.Methods A multiscale ECG generative model was established for ECG data augmentation. In the cellular layer, an ischemic Action Potential (AP) model was established to generate APs in cardiomyocytes with different transmural regions of infraction or different ischemic durations. In the tissue layer, a probability-driven cellular automata excitation propagation model was established to simulate the propagation speed and direction of excitation. An infarct tissue model and a coronary artery model were established to describe the spatiotemporal diversity of MI. A ventricle model, a human torso model, and a computational model of surface ECG based on field source theory were established in the heart-torso layer.Results The model generated pathological 12-lead ECGs of MI with different topography and different extent. When simulating different ventricular wall infarction, the lesions appear in the same leads as the clinical 12-lead ECG. The ST-segment decreases and the T-wave amplitude decreases, similar to the clinical ECG features when simulating subendocardial ischemia. The average fidelity of the 12-lead ECG the model generated is 95.6%, according to the designed DTW-GRA distance algorithm.Conclusions The generative model considers the electrophysiological properties of the natural heart, the pathology of myocardial infarction, and the diversity of clinical ECGs. The model can provide many reliable samples for machine learning of MI.

Design and Analysis of a 5G Wideband Antenna for Wireless Body-Centric Network

A compact 5G wideband antenna for body-centric network (BCN) operating on Ka band has been presented in this paper. The design of the antenna consists of a very simple key-shaped radiator patch with a vertical slot for better impedance matching. The antenna was designed and simulated with the help of the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio Suite, a well-liked and dependable electromagnetic simulation program running on Microsoft Windows. Free-space simulation produces a resonant frequency at 28 GHz, which falls under the Ka band and 5G’s n257, more precisely n261. The proposed antenna has a size of 1.24 λ × 0.6 λ × 0.153 λ and has a wider impedance bandwidth of more than 20 GHz. The antenna’s gain and radiation efficiency are 3.87 dBi and 70%, respectively, at the resonant point. Further parametric studies reveal that the antenna can be activated in the V-band by increasing the feedline width. The antenna is proposed for the application of BCN. Therefore, a three-dimensional human torso phantom was developed virtually to test on-body performance. The on-body findings of this antenna were resimulated by positioning the antenna in close proximity to the three-layer human body model, where 22.5 dB of on-body reflection coefficient was recorded at 28 GHz. Simulated on-body gain and efficiency were 4.56 dBi and 61.33 percent, respectively. A distance-based investigation was conducted to investigate the impacts of the human body’s presence by positioning the antenna at five different distances from the human torso model. The findings were compared to assess how distance affects its behaviors. The antenna’s gap was kept at 6 mm for the optimum results, which included 4.83 dBi of gain with a 66 percent efficiency and a recorded RL value of about 23 dB. The on-body simulations produced very consistent results with a slight deviation after 26.5 GHz, even though the distance was varied.

A Microwave Imaging Procedure for Lung Lesion Detection: Preliminary Results on Multilayer Phantoms

In this work, a feasibility study for lung lesion detection through microwave imaging based on Huygens’ principle (HP) has been performed using multilayer oval shaped phantoms mimicking human torso having a cylindrically shaped inclusion simulating lung lesion. First, validation of the proposed imaging method has been performed through phantom experiments using a dedicated realistic human torso model inside an anechoic chamber, employing a frequency range of 1–5 GHz. Subsequently, the miniaturized torso phantom validation (using both single and double inclusion scenarios) has been accomplished using a microwave imaging (MWI) device, which operates in free space using two antennas in multi-bistatic configuration. The identification of the target’s presence in the lung layer has been achieved on the obtained images after applying both of the following artifact removal procedures: (i) the “rotation subtraction” method using two adjacent transmitting antenna positions, and (ii) the “ideal” artifact removal procedure utilizing the difference between received signals from unhealthy and healthy scenarios. In addition, a quantitative analysis of the obtained images was executed based on the definition of signal to clutter ratio (SCR). The obtained results verify that HP can be utilized successfully to discover the presence and location of the inclusion in the lung-mimicking phantom, achieving an SCR of 9.88 dB.

Wall-Meshed Cavity Resonator-Based Wireless Power Transfer Without Blocking Wireless Communications With Outside World

In order to address the issue of wireless communication signal blocking in the traditional cavity resonance wireless power transfer (CR WPT), a wall-meshed cavity resonator constructed of the meshed metallic walls is proposed together with an analytical design method. This cavity resonator can not only generate and confine the electromagnetic waves of natural resonant modes inside the cavity resonator, but also support wireless communications with outside. The wall-meshed cavity resonator is analytically designed by the known theoretical equations without time-consuming optimizations and verified by electromagnetic simulations and experiments. The results show that the proposed CR WPT system can achieve simultaneous wireless power transfer in the cavity and wireless communications with outside. The maximum power transfer efficiency is higher than 85%. The power transfer efficiency exceeds 60% within about 70% areas inside the wall-meshed cavity. For wireless communication signals passing through the wall-meshed cavity, the attenuation at 2.1 GHz (4G), 2.45 GHz (Wi-Fi), and 3.5 GHz (5G) is about 6.0 dB, 5.1 dB, and 3.8 dB, respectively. Additionally, the safety performance of the proposed CR WPT system is numerically investigated by the specific absorption rate analysis of a human torso model.

Augmented Reality Application-Based Teaching Material's Effect on Viscera Learning Through Algorithmic Thinking

The study aimed to examine AR-based teaching material's effect on viscera learning through algorithmic thinking by the primary school teacher candidates who are sophomores in the classroom teaching department in the spring term of the 2018-2019 academic year at a state university in the Eastern Black Sea and selected by convenience method. Viscera Information Form (VIF) and Application Process and AR Survey Form (APSF) were used as data collection tools in the study. VIF included subjects viscera in a human model and placed them in the skeletal structure. The other form, APSF, is about the application process and the material prepared with augmented reality. While the data obtained from VIF were analyzed under the researcher-defined categories regarding the participants' showing each viscera in a human torso model and placing them in the skeletal structure, the data obtained from APSF was processed with content analysis. The study results revealed that AR-based teaching material makes a positive contribution to the learning of viscera through algorithmic thinking. In addition, this is determined as AR-based teaching material contributes to understanding the related basic concepts through algorithmic thinking.

Passive UHF RFID-based Knitted Wearable Compression Sensor.

One of the major challenges faced by passive on-body wireless Internet of Things (IoT) sensors is the absorption of radiated power by tissues in the human body. We present a battery-less, wearable knitted Ultra High Frequency (UHF, 902-928 MHz) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) compression sensor (Bellypatch) antenna and show its applicability as an on-body respiratory monitor. The antenna radiation efficiency is satisfactory in both free-space and on-body operations. We extract RF (Radio Frequency) sheet resistance values of three knitted silver-coated nylon fabric candidates at 913 MHz. The best type of fabric is selected based on the extracted RF sheet resistance. Simulated and measured performance of the antenna confirm suitability for on-body applications. The proposed Bellypatch antenna is used to measure the breathing activity of a programmable infant patient emulator mannequin (SimBaby) and a human subject. The antenna is highly sensitive to respiratory compression and relaxation. Fluctuations in the backscatter power level/Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) in both cases range from 6 dB to 15 dB. The improved on-body read range of the proposed sensor antenna is 5.8 m, about 10 times higher than its predecessor wearable knitted strain sensing Bellyband antenna (0.6 m). The maximum simulated Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) on a human torso model is 0.25 W/kg, lower than the maximum allowable limit of 1.6 W/kg.

Dual-turn electrically coupled loop antenna for gastrointestinal capsules

A dual turn electrically coupled loop antenna is proposed to operate inside gastrointestinal capsules. The proposed structure is simple with a degree of freedom in design and compact size. In addition, it has low specific absorption rate (SAR) levels. Four different models have been designed to operate at industrial, scientific, medical (ISM) bands (433 MHz and 915 MHz). The first three antenna models with different sizes operate at the 433 MHz ISM band while the fourth antenna model operates at the 915 MHz ISM band. The primitive designs are performed by immersing the biocompatible-encapsulated prototypes inside the center of a cubic box of muscle phantom with an edge length of 100 mm. To mimic the realistic situation, the final designs were simulated inside a human torso model. As an experimental verification, a prototype has been fabricated and tested inside minced beef. The footprint size excluding the space in the core is 200 mm3. The peak SAR levels, averaged on 1 g, are 78.4, 51.8 and 81.67 W/kg for the three proposed antennas, respectively. The low SAR levels permit increasing the fed power to compensate medium losses in addition to obtain better imaging. The peak realized gains in muscle lie in the range of the other counterparts (− 19 dBi).

Efficient Wireless Power Transfer System for Implantable Medical Devices Using Circular Polarized Antennas

In this article, we present a novel approach for designing a rotation insensitive, biocompatible, circular polarization-based efficient wireless power transfer (WPT) system for implantable medical devices (IMDs) in the radiative near-field region. Initially, a wideband, biocompatible, flexible circular polarized (CP) slot antenna is designed inside a single-layer skin tissue model to use as a receiving (Rx) element. To create the WPT link, a simple square patch antenna with the truncated corners is constructed to utilize as a transmitting (Tx) element. Furthermore, a polarization conversion-based metamaterial (MTM) structure is built particularly to improve the power transfer efficiency (PTE) of the proposed WPT system. Also, to show the versatility, the performance analysis of the proposed MTM integrated WPT system is conducted inside the human torso and head model. Moreover, a detailed study of the specific absorption rate (SAR) is accomplished regarding the safety of the human body in the light of IEEE regulation. Finally, the prototypes of the proposed WPT system are fabricated and experimentally verified in skin-mimicking gel and minced pork. The experimental result confirms the feasibility of the proposed concept by enhancing the PTE of the presented system by the usage of the MTM slab.

Аpplication of the mathematical model of human torso for modeling abbreval influence in wound ballistics

Abstract. In the work, a review of scientific articles on the behavior of tissues and organs of the human body under local mechanical effects on it, as well as a description of the physico-mechanical properties of biological materials. The selection of mechanical behavior for each biological material as part of a mathematical model of the human torso was carried out, its finite element model was created, validation experiments were modeled using data presented in the literature. An original calculation model of a human torso with a tuned interaction of organs with each other was developed. Contact interaction parameters are determined. The developed computational model of a human torso was verified based on data from open sources for an experiment with mechanical action by a cylindrical impactor. An algorithm for processing pressure and acceleration graphs has been implemented in order to obtain tolerance curves. A specialized modular program has been created for the automated processing of calculation results and the output of the main results. 42 numerical tests were carried out simulating the entry of a steel ball into each of 21 zones for power engineers of 40 and 80 J. According to the results of the tests for each organ, pressure and acceleration tolerance curves were obtained, animations of the behavior of organs under shock were created, visualization of the pressure field propagation in organs was obtained torso.

Modeling radio-frequency energy-induced heating due to the presence of transcranial electric stimulation setup at 3T

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to develop a numerical workflow for simulating temperature increase in a high-resolution human head and torso model positioned in a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio-frequency (RF) coil in the presence of a transcranial electric stimulation (tES) setup.MethodsA customized human head and torso model was developed from medical image data. Power deposition and temperature rise (ΔT) were evaluated with the model positioned in a whole-body birdcage RF coil in the presence of a tES setup. Multiphysics modeling at 3T (123.2 MHz) on unstructured meshes was based on RF circuit, 3D electromagnetic, and thermal co-simulations. ΔT was obtained for (1) a set of electrical and thermal properties assigned to the scalp region, (2) a set of electrical properties of the gel used to ensure proper electrical contact between the tES electrodes and the scalp, (3) a set of electrical conductivity values of skin tissue, (4) four gel patch shapes, and (5) three electrode shapes.ResultsSignificant dependence of power deposition and ΔT on the skin’s electrical properties and electrode and gel patch geometries was observed. Differences in maximum ΔT (> 100%) and its location were observed when comparing the results from a model using realistic human tissue properties and one with an external container made of acrylic material. The electrical and thermal properties of the phantom container material also significantly (> 250%) impacted the ΔT results.ConclusionSimulation results predicted that the electrode and gel geometries, skin electrical conductivity, and position of the temperature sensors have a significant impact on the estimated temperature rise. Therefore, these factors must be considered for reliable assessment of ΔT in subjects undergoing an MRI examination in the presence of a tES setup.

Towards efficient design optimization of a miniaturized thermoelectric generator for electrically active implants via model order reduction and submodeling technique.

Thermoelectric generators (TEG) convert the thermal energy into electrical energy and are under investigation as a power supply for medical implants. To improve the performance of TEG, the design optimization process through finite element model simulation is preferred by biomedical engineers. This paper aims to provide an efficient method of speeding up the design optimization process of TEG. A three-dimensional realistic human torso model incorporating the TEG is investigated, where the internal heat transfer in human tissue is characterized by Pennes bioheat equation. In addition, convection, radiation, and evaporation effects at the skin surface are applied to identify the heat transfer effects between the human body and the environment. To speed up finite element simulation of the large-scale human torso model, projection-based model order reduction (MOR) is applied for generation of a compact but highly accurate model. Parametric MOR (pMOR) further enables generating a parameter-independent compact model. For an efficient design optimization of TEG, this compact human torso model is applied within a thermal submodeling approach. Its temperature distribution results are back-projected and used as boundary conditions for the TEG submodel. The achieved speed-up in simulation time, demonstrated in this work, clearly indicates that the design optimization process of TEG is more efficient with the combination of MOR and submodeling techniques.

First Steps into Catheter Guidance Including Shape Sensing for Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Procedures

Introduction: Currently, endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) procedures are guided using fluoroscopy and 2D digital subtraction angiography. The research project Nav EVAR (funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, grant number 13GW0228C) aims to reduce the x-ray exposure and the administration of contrast agent. This project includes the development of a guidance system based on electromagnetic (EM) tracking for catheter location and Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) for catheter shape sensing. The goals of this study were to evaluate the accuracies of the catheter location and the catheter shape sensing separately, and to carry out an initial experiment combining both technologies. Methods: A custom-made 9F catheter was build containing an Aurora EM sensor (Northern Digital Inc.) at its tip and a FBG system (DTG©, FBGS Technologies GmbH). The EM sensor position was obtained by the EM tracking system and then transformed into the computed tomography (CT) planning data by using metallic markers placed on the patient's torso. An optimized shape sensing model was used to reconstruct the first 38 cm of the catheter. The combination of both technologies allowed the localization of the reconstructed shape. The EM tracking system was evaluated with a human torso model including a 3D-printed patient-specific aortic system. The catheter was inserted into the iliac artery and the EM sensor accuracy was assessed at five positions (Figure 1) by obtaining the ground truth from CT scans. The FBG system was evaluated by inserting the catheter into a 3D-printed patient-specific aortic system. The accuracy was assessed by comparing the reconstructed shape with the ground truth from a CT scan. The feasibility of the combined system was tested by visualizing the located shape with MeVisLab software (MeVis Medical Solutions AG). Results: For the EM tracking system, the error was 1.60 ± 0.86 mm (mean ± standard deviation, maximum error 2.56 mm). For the FBG system, the error was 1.13 ± 0.43 mm (maximum error 2.11 mm) over the whole 38 cm. Figure 2 shows the CT scan with the reconstructed shape. Regarding the combined guidance, the located shape moved in the same way as the catheter in the real scenario. Conclusion: Both technologies provided an error of less than 5 mm in realistic endovascular scenarios. This accuracy is required to ensure that the renal arteries are not blocked by the stent placement. The EM sensor accuracy was comparable to other studies [1-2]. Previous studies of FBG systems focused on medical needle shape sensing [3-4]. The shape reconstruction error was higher compared to previous studies, but our endovascular was more complex and realistic [5]. The combined system showed promising results. However, these are initial experiments that do not take into account any anatomical deformations during EVAR procedures. Future work will include the optimization of our catheter guidance system, intraoperative imaging for updating the actual anatomy and further evaluations with patient-specific models. Disclosure: Nothing to disclose

Rib fractures prediction method for kinetic energy projectile impact: from blunt ballistic experiments on SEBS gel to impact modeling on a human torso FE model

The present paper aims to assess the risk of rib fractures caused by any rigid less-lethal kinetic energy projectiles. To that end, a coupled experimental and numerical approach is proposed to relate ballistic experiments with the risk of blunt trauma. A polymer gel block is employed as ballistic testing medium to interpret ballistic impacts through the measurement of the dynamic gel wall displacement. Moreover, a biofidelic 50th percentile human torso finite element model created in the code Hypermesh (Altair HyperWorks ©) is used to replicate experiments and real world accidents. Then, the probability curve of rib fractures is a function of the viscous criterion and derives from a study on human cadaver mid-sternum available in the literature. Twelve impact conditions of rigid projectiles are applied to a SEBS gel block and are replicated on the human torso model mid-sternum. A statistical analysis is performed by virtue of a Spearman's correlation matrix in order to identify relations between experimental measurements and the viscous criterion evaluated numerically. The determination of both statistical significances and correlation coefficients results in several strong correlations between experimental measurements and the viscous criterion evaluated numerically. These relations imply the establishment of transfer functions between experimental metrics on the gel block (the maximum gel wall displacement and a gel wall displacement – rate of displacement based metric) and the probability of rib fractures. Finally, these correlations constitute a primary and an up-and-coming predicting tool for the risk of rib fractures.

Three-dimensional Assessment of the Breast: Validation of a Novel, Simple and Inexpensive Scanning Process.

Methods to assess three-dimensionally the breast surface are increasingly used in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The aim of this study was to validate the use of the Structure Sensor 3D scanner (Occipital, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA) connected to an iPad Pro (Apple, Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) as a novel, inexpensive and handheld three-dimensional scanning process. Surface images of a medical human female anatomy torso model of rigid plastic were repeatedly acquired with Structure Sensor 3D scanner and compared with those obtained using two clinically established 3D imaging systems. Digital measurements of vector and surface breast distances were analyzed using Mimics® Innovation Suite 20 medical imaging software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no statistically significant difference among measurements obtained using different scanning processes for all the variables examined (p>0.05). The study demonstrates analogous practicability and reliability for surface image acquisition using the newly introduced Structure Sensor 3D scanner and other clinically established scanners.

Antenna-in-Package Design and Robust Test for the Link Between Wireless Ingestible Capsule and Smart Phone

An antenna-in-package is proposed for a wireless ingestible capsule operated at ISM (2.4–2.48 GHz) band and also experimentally tested in a system level. The proposed antenna is designed for data transmission between the ingestible capsule and a smart phone using Bluetooth. A modified planar inverted-F structure is proposed for the antenna design, whose end section is bent to be vertical with respect to the substrate, mainly for the considerations of frequency tuning, size reduction, and polarization diversity. First, a one-layer cube muscle phantom model is used for initial design and optimization. Then, a comprehensive evaluation method, with considerations of the polarization mismatch loss, is proposed to analyze the radiation performance using a CST human body model. The evaluated results indicate that the proposed design can ensure enough margins for the link budget despite the relative position between the capsule and the smart phone. In addition to the advantages stated above, the proposed antenna is not sensitive to different digestive organs. Reflection measurement is presented using a muscle-mimicking phantom. Radiation characteristics are presented using a simple human torso model filled with pork by measuring the received power in a system. Successful data transmission, between a transmitter using the proposed antenna and a receiver using a smart phone, is performed in a temperature monitoring system.

Efficient Computational Modeling of Human Ventricular Activation and Its Electrocardiographic Representation: A Sensitivity Study

Patient-specific models of the ventricular myocardium, combined with the computational power to run rapid simulations, are approaching the level where they could be used for personalized cardiovascular medicine. A major remaining challenge is determining model parameters from available patient data, especially for models of the Purkinje-myocardial junctions (PMJs): the sites of initial ventricular electrical activation. There are no non-invasive methods for localizing PMJs in patients, and the relationship between the standard clinical ECG and PMJ model parameters is underexplored. Thus, this study aimed to determine the sensitivity of the QRS complex of the ECG to the anatomical location and regional number of PMJs. The QRS complex was simulated using an image-based human torso and biventricular model, and cardiac electrophysiology was simulated using Cardioid. The PMJs were modeled as discrete current injection stimuli, and the location and number of stimuli were varied within initial activation regions based on published experiments. Results indicate that the QRS complex features were most sensitive to the presence or absence of four “seed” stimuli, and adjusting locations of nearby “regional” stimuli provided finer tuning. Decreasing number of regional stimuli by an order of magnitude resulted in virtually no change in the QRS complex. Thus, a minimal 12-stimuli configuration was identified that resulted in physiological excitation, defined by QRS complex feature metrics and ventricular excitation pattern. Overall, the sensitivity results suggest that parameterizing PMJ location, rather than number, be given significantly higher priority in future studies creating personalized ventricular models from patient-derived ECGs.

Temperature induced in human organs due to near-field and far-field electromagnetic exposure effects

The main biological effect from exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiation is a temperature rise in the human body and its sensitive organs, which results from absorbing electromagnetic field (EMF) power. EM near-field and far-field sources, which have different operating frequencies and exposure distances, result in different EMF distribution patterns and EMF power absorptions by the human body. Actually, the severity of the physiological effect can occur with small temperature increases in the sensitive organs. However, the EM absorption characteristics and the temperature increase distribution resulting from different field radiation patterns from EM sources are not well established. To adequately explain the biological effects that are associated with the EMF energy absorption, a systematic study of different EMF distribution patterns and how they interact with body tissue is needed. This study considers the computationally determined specific absorption rate (SAR) and the heat transfer in a heterogeneous human torso model with internal organs exposed to near-field and far-field EM radiations at different frequencies. The electric field, SAR, and the temperature distributions in various organs during exposure to EMFs are obtained through the numerical simulation of EM wave propagation and an unsteady bioheat transfer model. The findings indicate that the field radiation pattern and the operating frequency of an EM source significantly influence the electric field, the SAR, and the temperature distribution in each organ. Moreover, the tissue’s dielectric properties also affect the temperature distribution patterns within the body tissue. These findings enable researchers to more accurately determine the exposure limits for the power output of wireless transmitters, and the distance that they should remain from the humans.