Model Of Human Capital Formation Research Articles

Career trajectory and cross‐system mobility: Career planning of doctoral students in Macao

AbstractThis study investigates career trajectory and work locations of doctoral students trained in Macao and analyses how their career paths are shaped by perceived macro‐level factors. Respondents from four applied disciplinary areas were selected for semi‐structured in‐depth interviews. Research results show that doctoral students who graduated from Macao higher education institutions enjoy good career prospects in Mainland China. Their competitiveness in the research‐related job market benefits from having a multi‐level support system and a training mode that promotes government–university–industry collaboration. Policies and demand from industrial sectors are involved in students' learning experience through channels such as financial support, project collaboration and networks. Doctoral students in Macao are strategic planners and actors in leveraging their human capital. As Macao becomes an emerging destination for cultivating high‐level research labour, findings from this study capture a model of human capital formation in China's cross‐system context.

The Long-Term Effects of Student Absence: Evidence from Sweden

Abstract Despite the relatively uncontested importance of promoting school attendance in the policy arena, little evidence exists on the causal effect of school absence on long-run outcomes. We address this question by combining historical and administrative records for cohorts of Swedish individuals born in the 1930s. We find that elementary school absence significantly reduces contemporaneous academic performance, final educational attainment and labour income throughout the life cycle. The findings are consistent with a dynamic model of human capital formation, whereby absence causes small immediate learning losses, which cumulate to larger human capital losses over time and lead to worse labour market performance.

HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Introduction. The specifics of the formation and evaluation of the effectiveness of human capital in national research universities of technical profile is aimed at creating conditions that meet the interests of the development of the innovation economy of Ukraine. Institutions of higher education, which can be classified as national research technical universities, have a significant role in the formation of human capital, the development of the national innovation system and innovation culture, thus contributing to the development of the innovation economy of Ukraine.The research hypothesis. The human capital management of the university on the basis of application of three-level model of human capital management will provide increase of efficiency of formation of human capital by means of expansion of possibilities, increase of competitiveness and improvement of image of national research university of technical profile.The purpose of this article is to improve the human capital management system in higher education institutions.The methodology of the study: comparative, scenario analysis; analysis of empirical data using grouping, generalization methods.Results. The proposed model of human capital formation in national technical universities can be used to assess the comparative efficiency of Ukrainian and foreign research universities, to determine their impact on the innovative development of the economy, the performance of an important social and economic function of human capital formation, ensuring its use in their own scientific and business activities.Conclusions. It is proposed to improve the mechanism of human capital management on the basis of the principles of partnership, which ensure the effectiveness of higher education by increasing its capacity in the context of national research universities, it is justified to increase the profitability of research universities while reducing the amount of public funding.

Human capital and child protection: A research framework in the CRC context

Since it was adopted November 1989, the Convention on the Rights of the Child has shaped the objectives for child protection systems around the world. Generally, those objectives fall along three dimensions: permanency, safety, and well-being. However, despite well-being receiving increasing attention in light of evidence that points to the importance of early childhood experiences on life course outcomes, child protection systems have so far struggled to find clear definition of well-being as a developmental construct. In this article, we propose a definition of child well-being that draws on the economic literature pertaining to skill formation and human capital. We argue that human capital, as a multidimensional concept that incorporates cognitive skills, non-cognitive skills, and health, should be added to the list of considerations policy makers contemplate when their attention turns to well-being provided there is research evidence for doing so. To that end, we discuss the several advantages the human capital framework offers within a child protection context. We then describe a theoretical framework and analytical approach to the study of skill formation. We are particularly interested in dynamic models wherein the skills one has influence the rate at which new skills are acquired, with specific emphasis on risk and protective factors across the life course of childhood. Overall, our discussion highlights how a dynamic model of human capital formation aligns with Convention on the Rights of the Child and notions that children in child protection systems have a right to develop the abilities they will need to be responsible adults.

Sharpe-ly Leveraged: A Model of Human Capital Formation Under Debt Service Constraint

Human capital, like any other form of wealth, lends itself to analysis through the tools of mathematical finance. No less than in other forms of enterprise, human capital formation involves risk. Returns on human capital and the risks inherent in its formation are affected by leverage. This is especially true in the United States, where a significant number of students finance higher education by borrowing. This article specifies a basic model of human capital formation that attempts to capture the essence of the risk-adjusted returns that students hope to realize when they pursue further education. This article adapts the Sharpe ratio of modern portfolio theory to measure the risk-adjusted benefit of education-enhanced earnings as the ratio of expected earnings to the volatility of those returns on human capital. It then adjusts both earnings and their dispersion to account for educational debt. On the debt service and earnings premium assumptions adopted by this article, debt-financed higher education will not enhance earnings on a risk-adjusted basis unless (1) the square root of the earnings premium (2) times the square of 1 minus the debt service ratio times the ratio of educational debt to annual earnings (3) exceeds 1.

Are educational policies elitist?

A recent theoretical and empirical literature has recognized the importance of growth-promoting policies that not only take into account the level but also the distribution of human capital. This paper studies the link between public spending on education and human capital inequality. I build a model of human capital formation where government intervention in education is justi…ed by the existence of credit market imperfections. The framework provides conditions on the level of development of an economy under which the educational policies are elitist, that is increase the spread between the educational achievement of the bright and less bright individuals. The theoretical predictions of the model are tested using the measures of educational inequality recently constructed for both developed and developing countries by Castello and Domenech (2002). The paper also presents estimates of

Labor Market Pooling and Human Capital Investment Decisions

Labor market pooling is considered one of the advantages of agglomerations. This paper presents a model of human capital formation in an imperfectly competitive, pooled local labor market with heterogeneous workers and firms. Firms produce with different technologies requiring diverse skills. Workers specialize into specific skills and accumulate general human capital. While labor market pooling provides static efficiency gains, our results also imply positive long-term effects: Under a diversified structure, firm-specific shocks increase workers' incentives to acquire both general and specific human capital. This not only raises productivity but also strengthens a region's capability to adapt to change.

Redistribution and Education Subsidies are Siamese Twins

We develop a model of human capital formation with endogenous labor supply and heterogeneous agents to explore the optimal level of education subsidies along with the optimal schedule of the labor income tax. If the government can observe inputs into the production of human capital, subsidies on education ensure efficiency in human capital accumulation and labor taxes are more progressive than without education policies. Although the able benefit more than proportionally from education subsidies, education subsidies thus play an important role in alleviating the tax distortions in human capital accumulation induced by redistributive policies. If the government can not verify all investments in human capital, education policy offsets some but not all the tax-induced distortions on learning.