Closed-loop Supply Chain Model Research Articles

Prices Contract Model and Information Sharing Platform of Closed-loop Supply Chain Based on Recyclers’ Competition

Closed-loop supply chain has important economic and social benefits. And recyclers' competition is the characteristic that can't be neglected in many closed-loop supply chains. Based on the assumption of independent between the remanufacturing and new product market, this study had constructed a price contract model of closed-loop supply chain based on recyclers' competition and taken a numerical analysis according to the actual data after adjustment of an enterprise. This study had drawn a result that the cost of recyclers has great effect for closed-loop supply chain coordination in a long time. Finally, in the case of the construction machinery industry, this study had discussed the problem of closed-loop supply chain information sharing platform construction in order to reduce cost and control of the whole closed-loop supply chain for the core enterprise. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

A Revenue Sharing Model for Closed-Loop Supply Chain of Green Agricultural Products

Revenue sharing is the key to the steady operation of green agricultural products closed-loop supply chain. In addressing issues of revenue sharing, the previously Shapley value model only took the added value of each partner into consideration, regardless of the differences of the members inputs. So it is necessary to be modified. Considering the input factors, strive factors and risk factors respectively, a comprehensive modified Shapley value model is built for the profits allocation of green agriculture products closed-up supply chain.

Design of a Global Closed-Loop Supply Chain Model

Design of a Global Closed-Loop Supply Chain Model

Decision models of closed-loop supply chain with remanufacturing under hybrid dual-channel collection

A number of factors, including environmental legislations and increasing global uncertainties, have led many companies to consider engaging in remanufacturing. In this paper, we mainly address a topical issue of choosing the appropriate reverse channel format for collecting used products from customers. We suppose a manufacturer who has three reverse hybrid collection channel structures to choose: (1) manufacturer and retailer collecting used products at the same time, (2) manufacturer contracting the collection of used products to a retailer and a third party, and (3) manufacturer and third party collecting used products at the same time. To generate managerial insights into this important issue, we develop a structural model to explore the appropriate reverse channel structure for the manufacturer. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the presented model. The results show that, ceteris paribus, the manufacturer and the retailer hybrid collection channel is the most effective reverse channel structure for the manufacturer. We also find that, under the same conditions, the manufacturer and the retailer hybrid collection approach is obviously superior to the single channel collection approach. Finally, we explore the channel coordination mechanism to implement channel cooperation for the manufacturer and the retailer. Our results indicate that the strategic alliance between the manufacturer and the retailer can effectively achieve the desired channel coordination. Furthermore, the Nash bargaining model is utilized to implement profit sharing for the manufacturer and the retailer in the channel coordination of strategic alliance.

Collective Recycling Responsibility in Closed-Loop Fashion Supply Chains with a Third Party: Financial Sharing or Physical Sharing?

We develop three closed-loop supply chain models where manufacturers can utilize financial or physical support to push a third party to collect the used fashion product for remanufacturing. We first examine two strategies for the collective recycling responsibility (CRR), namely, the financial sharing (FS) and the physical sharing (PS), using the model with no CRR as a benchmark. After that, we conduct a detailed comparison among the three models in terms of the retail price, demand, return rate, and the profits received by the supply chain members. With this study, we find the following. (i) The FS or PS support offered by the manufacturer to the third party will result in a lower retail price and a higher demand. (ii) The optimal return rate with PS scheme is always higher than that without the CRR, and the one with FS scheme is at least as high as that without the CRR. (iii) All the members in the closed-loop supply chain can always benefit from the CRR. In addition, (iv) which scheme of the FS, PS, or no CRR is the best for the supply chain members will depend heavily on the transfer price of the used product.

115 経済性を考慮した部品リユースのための循環型サプライチェーンモデルの提案(OS1-4 環境配慮型生産システムII)

115 経済性を考慮した部品リユースのための循環型サプライチェーンモデルの提案(OS1-4 環境配慮型生産システムII)

Uncertain Dynamic Model and Fuzzy Control Strategies of Closed-loop Supply Chain Based on Remanufacturing

Uncertain Dynamic Model and Fuzzy Control Strategies of Closed-loop Supply Chain Based on Remanufacturing

An Uncertain Discrete Switched Fuzzy Model and Fuzzy Robust Control of Closed-loop Supply Chain

An Uncertain Discrete Switched Fuzzy Model and Fuzzy Robust Control of Closed-loop Supply Chain

Fuzzy Possibilistic Modeling for Closed Loop Recycling Collection Networks

Nowadays, in the competitive market, commercial companies due to their economic problems and also restrictions imposed by international organizations to comply with environmental regulations are making noticeable efforts to reduce the level of their wastes in their manufacturing systems and consequently the level of waste in consumers’ products. In harmony with this issue, one of the most effective ways which has successfully been used and proven to be economically profitable is to take products lifecycles into consideration. Consideration of products lifecycle has made supply chain practitioners to investigate the reverse logistics activities in addition to forward logistics activities. Hence, corporations, in order to reduce their cost on the one hand and boosting their efficiency on the other hand, were obligated to employ closed loop supply chain models to concurrently benefit from its economical and environmental advantages. Therefore, in this paper, a mixed nonlinear facility location–allocation model is proposed for recycling collection centers. The considered closed loop logistics model consists of multiple echelons, multiple suppliers, multiple collection centers, multiple time period and also multiple facilities. In real-life problems parameters like demand, cost, capacity, distances, and quantities of returned products are always uncertain. Therefore, in order to solve a realistic problem, foregoing parameters are considered as fuzzy in our proposed model. Subsequently, to solve fuzzy mixed nonlinear programming model, one of the most effective technique in the literature is used. Additionally, in order to demonstrate the behavior of the parameters employed in the model, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted. Computational results demonstrate that the proposed model can show favorable efficiency in solving supply chain problems.

Study on Discrimination Pricing Model of Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Product Remanufacturing

Study on Discrimination Pricing Model of Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Product Remanufacturing

Study on Discrimination Pricing Model of Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Product Remanufacturing

With awareness of environmental protection strengthens and constraints of regulations and laws to environmental protection increasing, more and more enterprises focus on the closed-loop supply chain management. Considering difference between new product and remanufactured product, this paper constructs closed-loop supply chain system with manufacturers recycling used products directly from the consumers based on game theory. The optimal pricing decisions and the optimal profit of centralized and decentralized closed-loop supply chain are obtained. It is found that the efficiency of decentralized closed-loop supply chain decreases by 25%. At last, the coordination mechanism is designed to solve the profit conflict in the decentralized closed-loop supply chain by the two-part tariff contract.

Decentralized Closed-Loop Supply Chain Model with Component Remanufacturing

Decentralized Closed-Loop Supply Chain Model with Component Remanufacturing

A Closed-Loop Logistics Model for Green Supply Chain Management

Recently, with the environmental crisis, Green supply chain management (or GSCM), and in particular closed loop supply chain model, has received considerable attention by researchers. Closed loop supply chain model aims at reduction of waste and generating profit for enterprises through integrating forward and reverse logistics. Unfortunately, there is limited research on general models for closed loop supply chains in literature. In this paper, extending and enhancing previous models, a general model is proposed for closed loop supply chains using linear programming. The goal of this study is to minimize the leakage of a closed loop supply chain to avoid waste and reduce SCM costs.

Design of a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) model using an interactive fuzzy goal programming

A closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network is composed of both forward and reverse flows. An essential issue to be considered in designing any supply chain network is determination of number and locations of facilities in each layer of the network. Such a problem is a challenging job, since it contains sub-problems which are proven to be nondeterministic polynomial time complete. This paper proposes a CLSC distribution network design problem in which reverse flows are imported into forward model proposed by Selim and Ozkarahan (Int J Adv Manuf Technol 36:401–418, 1). Such a model is considered assuming forward covering (model I) and backward covering (model II) objectives, and then results are compared against the model incorporating covering of both forward and backward networks (model III). Our aim is to accentuate on the role of considering backward parameters in design of a CLSC network and to show how results differ from considering sub-problems separately. To model and solve the problem, a fuzzy goal programming approach is developed for network design in an interactive manner between decision maker and the model. To validate the presented model and the proposed solution approach, a test problem is presented and comparison of results is made using this problem. The results show that the proposed model can solve the CLSC problems in a manageable time. Moreover, outputs of the three models differ significantly. Therefore, the role of incorporating backward flows into the network design problem has been shown using our experiments.

Coordinating a three-stage closed-loop supply chain considering the effects of changes in the return rates and number of plants

An inventory coordination mechanism in a closed-loop supply chain is examined in this paper. A three-stage closed-loop supply chain model benefiting from the proposed formulas in the literature is reformulated in the paper. The effects of changes in the return rates and the number of plants on the joint total relevant cost and cycle time are investigated with these rearranged formulas. This investigation is performed by two dimensions, which are equal cycle time and integer multiplier coordination mechanisms. The results of these two coordination mechanisms are finally compared and the usability of the model results on real-life applications is emphasised in the paper.

Study on Incentive Mechanism of MRCTM Closed-Loop Supply Chain Based on the Uncertainty Quality

In this paper, the MRCTM model of closed-loop supply chain was investigated. An effective incentive mechanism that considered the uncertainty quality of product recycling was designed by the introduction of brand conversion factor. The author made an optimal analysis of the incentive mechanism. Moreover, the influence of different parameters, such as quality and brand to the fixed reward and the unit incentive payment was analyzed and some useful results were obtained.

Mathematical model for multi-echelon, multi-product, single time-period closed loop supply chain

Closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) management becomes relevant today in the context of environmental degradation. This paper addresses the problem from a typical business perspective and seeks to minimise the total supply chain costs. Most of the CLSC models examined in the current literature are case-specific. In this study, the integration of forward and reverse logistics is investigated. A generalised multi-echelon, single time-period, multi-product, closed loop supply chain is formulated as an integer linear programme (ILP). This model is intended to aid decision-making on issues such as material procurement, production, distribution, recycling and disposal of end-of-life (EOL) items. It also helps in the selection of locations of number of manufacturers, of distribution centres, of disposal sites and of recycling plants with the respective operation units and demand.

A genetic algorithm approach for solving a closed loop supply chain model: A case of battery recycling

Due to the implementation of government legislation, social responsibility, environmental concern, economic benefits and customer awareness the industries are under a great pressure not only to provide environmentally friendly products but also to take back the product after its use. The issue in reverse logistics is to take back the used products, either under warranty or at the end of use or at the end of lease, so that the products or its parts are appropriately disposed, recycled, reused or remanufactured. In order to overcome this issue, it is necessary to setup a logistics network for arising goods flow from end users to manufacturers. In this study, the optimum usage of secondary lead recovered from the spent lead–acid batteries for producing new battery is presented. The disposal in surface or sewage water or land of liquid content of the lead–acid batteries is strictly restricted. Because of the need for environmental protection and the lack of considerable lead resources, the spent batteries treatment and lead recovery are becoming crucial now-a-days. The objective of this paper is to develop a multi echelon, multi period, multi product closed loop supply chain network model for product returns and the decisions are made regarding material procurement, production, distribution, recycling and disposal. The proposed heuristics based genetic algorithm (GA) is applied as a solution methodology to solve mixed integer linear programming model (MILP). Finally the computational results obtained through GA are compared with the solutions obtained by GAMS optimization software. The solution reveals that the proposed methodology performs very well in terms of both quality of solutions obtained and computational time.

Dynamic models of closed-loop supply chain and robust H∞ control strategies

To meet the current environmental challenges and sustainable development, closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) management has become increasingly important and urgent. In this paper, we mainly consider three uncertainties: (1) uncertainty of time-delay in re-manufacturing and returns, (2) uncertainty of system cost parameters, (3) uncertainty of customers’ demand disturbances. Using control theories we dynamically analyse and establish a class of dynamic closed-loop supply chain models of linear discrete time system, including the product return model, the re-manufacturing model and the third party reverse logistic providers (3PRLP) collecting model. Furthermore, we analyse the robust operations in the closed-loop supply chains and bring forward relative strategies with robust H∞ control methods. Finally, according to the practical operations of scrap supply chain in the Chinese steel industry, we carry out some simulation calculations to prove how our proposed robust H∞ control strategies can restrain all uncertainties of our closed-loop supply chain system. Our analyses and results may be helpful for further insight into closed-loop supply chain uncertain operations and production control, for both theoretical researchers and practitioners, especially for those in the Chinese steel manufacturing industry.

Burnout, coping and job satisfaction in service staff treating opioid addicts – from Athens to Zurich

Besides profit, which might be the objective of any business, firms have recently shown more interests toward demonstrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). As many firms are practicing CSR, they are increasingly realizing the benefits of adopting CSR as one of their main operations. Inspired by the increasing CSR practices of business firms, this study takes a practical step in implementation of a CSR activity. It develops a socially responsible closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) model that takes into account donation, as a CSR activity, and recycling of the used products for environmental sustainability. Considering the effects of selling price and social work donation (SWD) on demand, it develops optimal closed form solutions for three decentralized and a centralized channel structures. A comparative analyses is presented to find the best socially responsible environmental friendly decentralized channel structure. Furthermore, the channel coordination problem between the manufacturer and the retailer is investigated using two part tariff contract. The numerical analysis showed that among the three decentralized models, the model in which the retailer promotes and collects the used products from customers generates the best channel performance.