Class Of Models Research Articles

PENGGUNAAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TENTANG NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI KELAS V SD NEGERI NUNUFAFI KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA

This study aims to improve learning outcomes in learning about Pancasila values ​​using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in Class V of Nunufafi Elementary School, TTU Regency. The type of research used is classroom action research with stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, testing and reflection by taking the research location at Nunufafi Elementary School, TTU Regency. he subjects of this study were 14 class V students consisting of 10 boys and 4 girls. Data collection was carried out using observation and test techniques, the data that had been collected was processed and analyzed further using qualitative descriptive analysis. Student learning outcomes increased from cycle I to cycle II, namely the learning outcomes of cycle I can be seen that out of 14 students who completed 5 people (35.71%) with sufficient criteria and increased in cycle II, namely 13 people (92.85%) with very good criteria. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that the use of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model can improve student learning outcomes on the material on the richness of Pancasila values ​​in class I V of Nunufafi Elementary School, TTU Regency.

Organizational and technical solutions for the construction of protected information and communication systems.

The paper presents the main approaches to the construction of the PKI public key architecture divided into basic, two-level, and multi-level hierarchies. Modern methods of attacks on existing public key infrastructures, protocols for building secure connections of both wired and wireless systems are considered. The basics of the class of attacks on PKI infrastructures are defined, of which the main attention is paid to the most dangerous class of attacks – man-in-the-middle (MITM-attacks). The paper provides models of various classes of MITM attacks, their details and existing methods of reducing the risks of their implementation. Existing examples of successful attacks on enterprises and various organizations that implemented MITM attack models at the application, network, and physical levels of the network interaction model are also given. For the PKI infrastructure, one of the options is its segmentation, which allows to reduce the scope of attacks on the key certification center. The paper also provides an alternative way to protect against MITM attacks using distributed micro ledger technology (DLT) to create a decentralized cryptographic key distribution system (DKMS). The solution is based on the use of micro ledgers (distributed ledger technology – DMLT). Using DMLT to create a DKMS allows protection against additional classes of MITM attacks.

Average distance in a general class of scale-free networks

Abstract In Chung–Lu random graphs, a classic model for real-world networks, each vertex is equipped with a weight drawn from a power-law distribution, and two vertices form an edge independently with probability proportional to the product of their weights. Chung–Lu graphs have average distance $O(\log\log n)$ and thus reproduce the small-world phenomenon, a key property of real-world networks. Modern, more realistic variants of this model also equip each vertex with a random position in a specific underlying geometry. The edge probability of two vertices then depends, say, inversely polynomially on their distance. In this paper we study a generic augmented version of Chung–Lu random graphs. We analyze a model where the edge probability of two vertices can depend arbitrarily on their positions, as long as the marginal probability of forming an edge (for two vertices with fixed weights, one fixed position, and one random position) is as in a Chung–Lu random graph. The resulting class contains Chung–Lu random graphs, hyperbolic random graphs, and geometric inhomogeneous random graphs as special cases. Our main result is that every random graph model in this general class has the same average distance as a Chung–Lu random graph, up to a factor of $1+o(1)$ . This shows in particular that specific choices, such as taking the underlying geometry to be Euclidean, do not significantly influence the average distance. The proof also shows that every random graph model in our class has a giant component and polylogarithmic diameter with high probability.

Interpreting graphs using large language models in a middle school physics class

Interpreting graphs using large language models in a middle school physics class

Optimizing Diabetic Neuropathy Severity Classification Using Electromyography Signals Through Synthetic Oversampling Techniques

Electromyography signals are electrical signals generated by muscle activity and are very useful for analyzing the health conditions of muscles and nerves. Data imbalance is a prevalent issue in EMG signal data, especially when addressing patients with varied health conditions and restricted data availability. A major difficulty for machine learning models is class imbalance in datasets, which frequently leads to biased predictions favoring the dominant class and neglecting the minority classes. The data augmentation method employs the Synthetic Minority Over Sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Random Over Sampling (ROS) to address data imbalances and enhance the performance of classification models for underrepresented classes. This study employs an oversampling technique to enhance the efficacy of the XG Boost model. SMOTE exhibits better efficacy relative to competing methods; the application of appropriate oversampling techniques allows models to integrate patterns from both majority and often neglected minority data.

Puffy Venuses: The Mass–Radius Impact of Carbon-rich Atmospheres on Lava Worlds

The recent advancements in exoplanet observations enable the potential detection of exo-Venuses, rocky planets with carbon-rich atmospheres. How extended these atmospheres can be, given high carbon abundances, has not been studied. To answer this, we present a model for a theoretical class of exoplanets—puffy Venuses—characterized by thick, carbon-dominated atmospheres in equilibrium with global magma oceans (MOs). Our model accounts for carbon and hydrogen partition between the atmosphere and the MO, as well as the C–H–O equilibrium chemistry throughout a semi-gray, radiative-convective atmosphere. We find that radius inflation by puffy Venus atmospheres is significant on small and irradiated planets: carbon content of 1200 ppm (or that of ordinary chondrites) can generate an atmosphere of ∼0.16–0.3 R ⊕ for an Earth-mass planet with equilibrium temperatures of 1500–2000 K. We identify TOI-561 b as an especially promising puffy Venus candidate, whose underdensity could be attributed to a thick C-rich atmosphere. We also advocate for a puffy Venus interpretation of 55 Cancri e, where a recent JWST observation indicates the presence of a CO/CO2 atmosphere. Puffy Venuses may thus constitute a testable alternative interpretation for the interior structure of underdense low-mass exoplanets.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL IN SCIENCE LEARNING

Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a learning approach that is often used in education in recent years. The purpose of this article is to find out how junior high school students perceive PBL model in science class and the benefits of PBL model in science learning. To find data related to junior high school students' perceptions of problem-based learning models in science classes, the researcher conducted a systematic review of several relevant sources with a period from 2014 to 2023, following the principles of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Based on the research results, it is known that the problem solving ability of students who learn using the PBL model is better than students who learn with conventional models. The results of this study prove PBL as an effective learning method for science compared to conventional teaching methods. PBL method is perceived to improve students' knowledge and communication skills. Based on several research results that have been conducted, it can be concluded that the PBL model has a positive impact on learning.

LITERATURE STUDY: STUDENTS' CURIOSITY ABOUT STEM-PBL LEARNING MODEL IN SCIENCE CLASSROOM

Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a form of problem-based learning that is given to students to apply knowledge to issues or problems as a form of problem solving. Its integration with the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach can train students to apply their knowledge in making designs as a form of problem solving related to the environment using technology. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the improvement, response and impact of students' curiosity by using the STEM-PBL learning model in science class. The method used is content analysis, with the principles of Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA). Based on the results of this study, it shows that students' curiosity towards STEM PBL in science classes shows significant results overall because the application of hands-on activities as a learning strategy is able to form various skills and provide positive results and even increase.

Semantics and Syntax of Old English Motion Verbs

This is a study in the syntax and semantics of Old English verbs of motion, including verbs of neutral motion, verbs of manner of motion and verbs of path of motion. Its aim is to identify the morphosyntactic alternations in which these verbs participate. The theoretical basis of the research draws on Goddard’s semantics of motion, Levin’s model of verb classes and alternations and Talmy’s typological distinction between satellite-framed languages and verb-framed languages. The grammatical patterns of the verbs under analysis are discussed, as described in The Dictionary of Old English (Healey), with special emphasis on the study of transitivity, case, prepositional government, and reflexivity. As far as meaning components are concerned, this work concentrates on the study of polysemy. The conclusions of this study refer to the consistency of the syntactic behaviour of the verbs under analysis and the main alternations found within the verbal classes.

The DQ Trace Method for Quantitative Seismic Interpretation: Theory and Application to a Synthetic AVO Data Catalog

The Distance and Quadrant (DQ) trace is a novel seismic attribute that enhances the detection and visualization of hydrocarbons in seismic data. Generated through a combination of partial near and far stack traces convolved with phase shift filters, the DQ trace offers several advantages over traditional AVO attributes and inversion methods. This study presents the DQ trace generation process, which involves quadrant optimization and the application of a modified AVO two-layer model equation. The method is computationally efficient and does not require a priori knowledge of petrophysics, basin geology, or wavelets. Concurrent phase angle analysis is used to compare DQ traces with porosity logs, demonstrating a strong correlation between the two. Synthetic models for different AVO classes are employed to evaluate the performance of DQ traces in cross-section displays. The results show that DQ traces provide enhanced clarity and delineation of gas sands, wet sands, and thin beds, as well as improved visualization of tuning effects and fluid contacts compared to conventional seismic displays. DQ histogram analysis reveals systematic trends across AVO classes and allows for the separation of gas sands, wet sands, and shales. The DQ trace is a robust tool for porosity estimation and has potential applications in various seismic processes and basin-scale mapping. This study highlights the implications of the DQ trace for fluid detection and seismic interpretation, offering a new methodology in subsurface reservoir characterization.

Enhancing students’ pro-environmental behavior through project-based learning

The waste problem that continues to increase throughout the pandemic shows that humans are still carrying out activities that only benefit themselves without caring about nature. This destructive behavior can be changed through an educational process that increases pro-environmental behavior. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the project-based learning model implementation of high school students on environmental change material to improve students’ pro-environmental behavior. The method used is quasi-experimental using the Discovery Learning model in the control class and the Project Based Learning model in the experimental class. This research was conducted at a senior high school in Jakarta. The research sample consisted of 60 students who were selected by random sampling with 30 students in each class. The pro-environment behavior instrument was adapted from Kasier and Wilson consisted of 40 statements. Data analysis used t-test and the results showed a significance value of 0.002. It can be concluded that using project-based learning model can improve the pro-environmental behavior of high school students. The N-Gain test was also carried out, and turns out the effectiveness of the learning model in both classes was low. This can be happened because teachers are still not used to the Project Based Learning model. In the future, it is still necessary to conduct research involving other factors that affect pro-environmental behavior in the application of learning in schools.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Menggunakan Model Value Clarification Technique (VCT) pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila di Kelas V SD Negeri 08 Campago Ipuh Kota Bukittinggi

The research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in learning Pancasila education. This study aims to describe the improvement of student learning outcomes in Pancasila education learning with the Matrix Type Value Clarification Technique model in Class V SDN 08 Campago Ipuh Bukittinggi City. This research is a Classroom Action Research that uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. Carried out in two cycles, namely cycle I carried out 2 meetings and cycle II carried out 1 meeting. Each cycle includes four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were teachers and students of class V SDN 08 Campago Ipuh with a total of 26 students. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, tests and non-tests. The results showed an increase in a) Teaching Module cycle I with an average of 85.5% (Good), and cycle II 93% (Very Good), b) implementation of learning in the teacher aspect of cycle I with an average of 81.2%, and cycle II 93.7% (Very Good) while the implementation of learning aspects of students cycle I with an average of 81.2% and cycle II 93.7%, c) student learning outcomes in cycle I with an average of 75 (Fair) and cycle II 88 (Good). Based on these results it can be concluded that with the Value Clarification Technique Matrix Type model the learning outcomes of students in learning Pancasila Education can increase.

Effectiveness of a New Broadrick Flag Support for Assisting Students With the Design of an Occlusal Plane.

Prosthetic restorations require functional occlusal planes to ensure therapeutic success. The purpose of the present study was to develop a new Broadrick flag support for a semi-adjustable articulator and to investigate the effectiveness of occlusal planes drawn using the Broadrick flag method by inexperienced practitioners in complex situations such as skeletal class II relationships associated with edentulous areas. MÉTHODOLOGY: The Broadrick flag support was designed and manufactured by the additive technique and was adapted to the Quick Master articulator. The QR code of the manufacturing file of the Broadrick flag support is accessible to any practitioner. Thirty-seven third-year students (inexperienced practitioners) were randomised into two groups for drawing occlusal planes on two models either with or without the Broadrick flag method. A prosthodontic professor (experienced practitioner) drew occlusal planes on the models to serve as references. Each model was analysed using a standardised method to measure the distances between the occlusal planes drawn by experienced and inexperienced practitioners. RÉSULTS: Only the distance measured for the right second molar of the first model with the Broadrick flag method was significantly shorter than those measured without using this method (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon test). Visual observations showed that only the second molar drawings of the inexperienced practitioners were above the drawings of the experienced practitioner. The Broadrick flag method helped inexperienced practitioners to draw occlusal planes of models in complex skeletal class II relationships associated with edentulous areas with natural teeth located both anterior and posterior to them.

The Differences of Students’ Learning Outcomes Using the Discovery Learning Model and Problem Based Learning in Science Learning at Primary Schools

The paper aims to compare the effectiveness of two learning models, namely Discovery Learning (DL) and Problem Based Learning (PBL), in improving student learning outcomes in science subjects. This type of research is experimental research. The population in this study were all class IV students at SDN 002 SK (Samarinda City), totaling three classes. The calculation results show that the average pretest score in experimental class I is 45.12, which is higher compared to 35.60 in experimental class II. After treatment, the average posttest score in experimental class I increased to 85.80, while in experimental class II it reached 82.11. The average N-Gain for both classes was 0.74, indicating a significant increase in learning outcomes in both classes, although experimental class I showed slightly better results. More in-depth analysis based on high and low learning outcome categories shows consistent differences in the effectiveness of learning models. Hypothesis testing using the T Test, which is applied because the data distribution is normal and the variance is homogeneous, shows a calculated t-value of 8.60 which far exceeds the t_table of 2.070. This causes rejection of H_0 and acceptance of H_1, indicating that the Discovery Learning (DL) model in experimental class I provides better learning results than the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in experimental class II.

A Study on the Implementation of the Student-Centered Teaching Model in Junior High School Physical Education Classes in Beijing

A Study on the Implementation of the Student-Centered Teaching Model in Junior High School Physical Education Classes in Beijing

A comparison of joint species distribution models for percent cover data

Abstract Joint species distribution models (JSDMs) have gained considerable traction among ecologists over the past decade, due to their capacity to answer a wide range of questions at both the species‐ and the community‐level. The family of generalised linear latent variable models in particular has proven popular for building JSDMs, being able to handle many response types including presence‐absence data, biomass, overdispersed and/or zero‐inflated counts. We extend latent variable models to handle percent cover response variables, with vegetation, sessile invertebrate and macroalgal cover data representing the prime examples of such data arising in community ecology. Sparsity is a commonly encountered challenge with percent cover data. Responses are typically recorded as percentages covered per plot, though some species may be completely absent or present, that is, have 0% or 100% cover, respectively, rendering the use of beta distribution inadequate. We propose two JSDMs suitable for percent cover data, namely a hurdle beta model and an ordered beta model. We compare the two proposed approaches to a beta distribution for shifted responses, transformed presence‐absence data and an ordinal model for percent cover classes. Results demonstrate the hurdle beta JSDM was generally the most accurate at retrieving the latent variables and predicting ecological percent cover data.

Improving student learning outcomes on SPLDV material using the Problem Based Learning model in class IX H SMPN 6 Surabaya

The problem based learning model is expected to be effective in enabling students to find solutions and solve their own problems, thereby increasing conceptual understanding of SPLDV material. The aim of this research is to find out how much influence the problem based learning model has on SPLDV material which can improve student learning outcomes at SMPN 6 Surabaya. This research uses the PBL method. The design of this research is a single case study, namely an experimental design by providing treatment to a small group and a large group. The results of data processing using the influence of the PBL learning model on the learning outcomes of conflict resources and social integration at SMPN 6 Surabaya. The result is the use of a problem-based learning model that involves sources of conflict which will improve student learning outcomes at SMPN 6 Surabaya. The use of the PBL learning model for learning outcomes related to SPLDV material at SMPN 6 Surabaya is classified as good, this can be seen from the average pre-cycle score carried out by individuals, namely 85.18, the average LKPD score is 1 learning outcome for small group students consisting of 2 participants. students is 85.90 and the average score for LKPD 2 student learning outcomes for a large group of 6 students is 99.09. In the collaborative classroom action research carried out it can be declared successful because there is an average increase in pre-cycle, cycle 1 and cycle 2 in learning outcomes.

Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik PAK dengan Model PBL pada Materi Yesus Mengajarkan Pengampunan Kelas V Fase C SD Negeri 5 Cinta Maju

This study aims to improve learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education and Budi Pekerti subjects by using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model for class V SD Negeri 5 Cinta Maju in the 2024/2025 school year. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles with 1 meeting in each cycle. Each cycle consists of several stages, namely planning, implementation, action, observation and reflection. The first and second cycles discussed the material Jesus Teaches Forgiveness. This study aims to determine whether there is an increase in student learning outcomes with the help of the PBL learning model on the material of Jesus Teaches Forgiveness in class V in the subject of Catholic Religious Education and ethics at SD Negeri 5 Cinta Maju. This PTK also aims to determine how much the increase in learning achievement targets with the help of the PBL method on the material Jesus Teaches Forgiveness in class V in Catholic religious education and character education subjects at SD Negeri 5 Cinta Maju. Based on the results of observations of student learning activities, teacher activities, and student learning outcomes tests that the Problem Based Learning learning model can improve the activities and learning outcomes of Catholic Religious Education and Ethics in class V Phase C students of SD Negeri 5 Cinta Maju, Sitiotio District, Samosir Regency.

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikiri Kritis dan Kreatifitas Siswa dengan Model Problem Base Learning (PBL) pada Siswa Kelas IV Fase B di SD Negeri 12 Sungai Risap

This research aims to describe the application of the Problem Base Learning (PBL) model in improving the critical and creative thinking abilities of class IV phase B students at SD 12 Sungai Risap. As well as describing how the critical thinking skills and creativity of class IV phase B students at SD 12 Sungai Risap increased after implementing PBL. The type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK), entitled "Improving Students' Critical Thinking Abilities and Student Creativity with the PBL Model in Class IV Phase B Students at SD Negeri 12 Sungai Risap." This research was carried out at SDN 12 Sungai Risap, Binjai Hulu District, Sintang Regency from 13 to 19 September 2024. This research was carried out using the Problem Based Learning model. The research subjects were students of class IV Phase B at SDN 12 Sungai Risap. The research object was the application of the Problem Base Learning (PBL) model in improving the critical and creative thinking abilities of class IV phase B students at SD 12 Sungai Risap. The research was carried out in two classroom actions. The activity stages include planning, implementation, observation, analysis and reflection which are carried out face to face. Data collection was carried out by making direct observations and distributing questionnaires to students. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data collection, data condensation, presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model can improve the critical thinking skills of class IV Phase B students at SD 12 Sungai Risap. Overall, PBL forces students to be active in their learning process, thereby improving critical thinking skills by teaching them to analyze, evaluate, and make better decisions. The application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model can increase the creativity of class IV Phase B students at SD 12 Sungai Risap. Use of Innovative Ideas, Diverse Learning Outcome Products, Alternative Approaches to Problem Solving, Deeper Exploration. Overall, PBL facilitates increased critical thinking and creativity in students by placing them in learning situations that require complex and innovative problem solving.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Kolaborasi Siswa Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning pada Pelajaran Pak Fase B Kelas IV SD Negeri 01 Saibi Samukop

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education learning through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model in class IV of SD Negeri 01 Saibi Samukop. The problem raised is the low understanding of students on the Ten Commandments material, which results in unsatisfactory learning outcomes. The research method used is classroom action research with two cycles, which include planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results of the study showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes, with the average final test score increasing from 65 to 85 after the application of PBL. The conclusion of this study is that PBL is effective in improving students' understanding of teaching materials. The recommendation given is for teachers to apply PBL consistently and conduct training to improve teaching skills in the context of problem-based learning.