Transactional Model Research Articles

Maneuvering through life with positivity: Estimating the effects of foster youth’s appraisal on coping styles

Youth in foster care tend to experience a disproportional number of adverse life experiences and demonstrate high rates of emotional and behavioral difficulties. According to the transactional model of stress and coping, how youth appraise their experiences influences the type of coping strategies they use in response to adversity, and these relations are key components to understanding later adjustment. However, few studies have examined potential effects of appraisal on coping for youth in foster care. Furthermore, it is not well understood if or how such interaction may vary across age. To address this gap, this study examined potential age moderation of contemporaneous primary, threat-based appraisal effects on coping in a large sample of 490 youth in foster care (48% female, ages 8 to 18) using a series of statistical models which were capable of detecting very general forms of effect moderation. Results indicated that primary appraisal positively predicted direct and prosocial coping, and negatively predicted asocial coping. The linear effects of appraisal on coping did not vary based on age of the youth. The findings suggest that primary appraisals of life events for youth in foster care does have a unique influence on certain coping styles, suggesting perhaps new directions for research on youth exposed to multiple adversities. To promote wider use of the non-parametric time-varying effect model in R, the analysis syntax is also included in the appendix.

The Association between Climate Change Exposure and Climate Change Worry among Israeli Adults: The Interplay of Risk Appraisal, Collective Efficacy, Age, and Gender

Guided by the transactional model of stress and coping, we examined the association between climate change exposure and climate change worry among Israeli adults, with the interplay of risk appraisal, collective efficacy, age, and gender. Using an online survey with 402 participants, we found moderate levels of climate change worry. Higher climate change exposure, increased risk appraisal, and greater collective efficacy were associated with higher worry levels. Climate change risk appraisal mediated the relationship between climate change exposure and worry, whereas gender moderated the association between collective efficacy and worry. This study highlights the significant impact of climate change exposure on worry, emphasizing the roles of risk appraisal and collective efficacy, particularly among women, and underscores the need for tailored interventions to address emotional responses to climate change.

Conceptualizing State Re-Engagement With Public Higher Education

Three trends have characterized state policymaking for higher education in the 21st century: divestment, accountability, and race neutrality. These policy agendas are often justified as an attempt to optimize system efficiency and performance by making institutional actors (agents) responsive to the demands of state officials (principals). In this manuscript, we present quantitative evidence that these three policy initiatives have not achieved their stated purpose. We use contemporary social theory to explain why this is the case. Finally, we call for deeper re-engagement of states and their higher education systems in place of transactional and technocratic models.

Duty-related stressors, adjustment, and the role of coping processes in first responders: A systematic review.

A core challenge in working with first responders worldwide (e.g., firefighters, emergency service personnel, police officers) is identifying theoretically and empirically based individual-level factors that are associated with adjustment and that can be translated to interventions. The transactional model of stress and coping provides an excellent framework to guide interventions with first responders, yet no review to date has explicitly and comprehensively focused on coping responses in this population. The current study systematically evaluated global evidence linking primary appraisals and coping efforts to mental health and behavioral risk-taking in first responders, with an eye toward their application to interventions. Seventeen studies from eight countries met review criteria and were summarized. Studies of coping efforts predominated; only two studies assessed primary appraisals. Overall, disengaged coping efforts, relative to engaged coping, were more often associated with adjustment. Further, for engaged coping, associations with adjustment largely were present for cognitive, versus behavioral, strategies; for disengaged coping, cognitive and behavioral strategies were associated equally with poorer adjustment. Two thirds of the studies assessed posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. Given the nature of PTS, use of disengaged strategies may particularly exacerbate these symptoms relative to other adjustment outcomes. Additional research focused on both primary appraisals and coping efforts and that employs longitudinal designs would expand our understanding of the role of coping processes in first responders' adjustment to duty-related stress. Further, these data suggest that interventions targeting individuals (vs. systems or environments) should focus on replacing cognitive and behavioral disengaged coping strategies with engaged strategies that are cognitive in nature. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Understanding the Software of the Mind, Self and Culture: The Scientific Foundation of Indigenous and Cultural Psychology

The understanding of the nature and the software of the mind has generated immense debate in religion, philosophy, sciences and psychology. Drucker notes that the basic assumption about the reality is the foundation for science, axiom and algorithm adopted for the theory, concept and method. The assumption differentiates what is important from what is noise. In the medieval Europe, the Catholic Church provided a unified theory of the world as a reflection of God’s grand design and purpose. They held the power to define and thus had the power to control people’s lives. Their power was challenged during the Renaissance with the emergence of humanism. The Cartesian duality of separating the mind from body allowed the separation of church and state and science to flourish. In East Asia, Confucius articulated a different set of assumptions. Humans are defined as ingan 人間 (‘human between’) and assume relationship and compassion as the basic foundation. This is the basis of the cultural difference and theory of the mind. The Darwinian Evolutionary Theory replaced the religious definition, Cartesian duality, and empathy with the biological traits, instincts and natural selection. Psychology adopted the biological model to explain human behaviour. Research in paleoanthropology, genetics, and neurobiology outline the limitations of the biological model in explaining the human mind and behaviour. Bandura has documented the importance of human agency, consciousness, and self-efficacy in explaining human behaviour and provided empirical results with greater predictive and explanatory power than the traditional psychological theories. Indigenous and cultural psychology represents the continuation of the assumptions, theory and concepts outlined by Wilhelm Wundt and Albert Bandura. Kim outlines the transactional model of science, where human agency (measured by self-efficacy) can explain a person’s performance and outcome. Empirically, the Harvard Study of Adult Development, the 85-year longitudinal study, found the unexpected results that challenge the previous held assumptions. Waldinger and Schulz have found that maintaining good relationship is the most important predictor of happiness, health and longevity and not high income, success, IQ and personality. Kim and Kim found that for Millennials and Gen Z, happiness is predicted by relational and social efficacy, positive outlook, and receiving social support from family, friends and online communities, replicating previous results found across three generations and for the past 25 years in Korea. These results point to the importance of examining the basic assumptions of the theories in psychology and the scientific foundation of indigenous and cultural psychology.

How does mindfulness reduce stress at work? A two-study examination using a stress appraisal perspective

Although it has been shown that practicing mindfulness reduces stress, scholars have not yet developed and tested a solid theoretical framework to explain how mindfulness reduces stress. Drawing on the Transactional Model of Stress, this paper investigates whether mindfulness is effective in reducing stress because it helps employees re-appraise their work tasks. More specifically, we examine if mindfulness is related to reduced stress via more favorable work task appraisal (i.e., reduced threat task appraisal and increased challenge task appraisal). Study 1, a two-wave study, and Study 2, an experience sampling study, show that mindfulness is related to reduced stress via decreased threat task appraisal, but not through enhanced challenge appraisal. Taken together, our findings suggest that mindfulness can reduce stress at work because it helps employees view work tasks less as a threat.

A Trading Mode Based on the Management of Residual Electric Energy in Electric Vehicles

Aiming at the distributed resources of electric vehicles with photovoltaics (PVs) on the user side, a trading mode of surplus energy sharing for electric vehicles based on the user-side PVs is proposed by utilizing the bidirectional mobility of information and energy. Power transfer can be implemented between different electric vehicle users through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology with a reasonable distribution of benefits taken into account. First, the operational framework of electric energy trading is presented, and the transmission architecture of each body of interest in the system is analyzed. Second, the portraits of EV users’ charging behaviors are established considering their different charging habits, and electric vehicle users are divided into electricity buyers and sellers in each trading time period. An electricity transaction model based on “multi-seller–multi-buyer” is established, and all electricity transactions are realized through blockchain-based decentralized technology. Finally, the benefit to each interest group is maximized using the improved Northern Goshawk Optimization (NGO) algorithm. Simulation results of a sample system indicate that the new power trading mode proposed in this study could lead to reasonable reuse of the electric energy of private electric vehicles and can achieve a win–win situation for all stakeholders.

A framework for doctoral education in developing students’ mental well-being by integrating the demand and resources of the program: An integrative review

Background: Research on doctoral students’ mental well-being has gained importance in recent years. The findings of such studies were uncertain about the critical demand and resource of a doctoral program that largely influence students’ mental health. This review aims to integrate the literature to bring out the nature, importance and relationship between differentiated demands, contextual and personal resource, and doctoral students’ well-being. Methods: An integrative review was conducted based on the five-stage structure of Whittemore and Knafl. The study identified 45 articles published from 2000 onwards following the Joanna Briggs Institute quality evaluation criteria and PRISMA reporting guidelines for selecting eligible articles. Results: The integrative review findings disclose that the differentiated demand of doctoral program were categorized into challenge-hindrance demand. This demand experienced by doctoral students were grouped as ambiguity in doctoral program structure, resource inadequacy, workload, complexity, and responsibility. In addition, institutional support, research supervisory support, and intrinsic motivation were treated as essential resource to mitigate the effects of the demands of the doctoral program. Conclusions: An integrated conceptual model was built exclusively for doctoral programs and suggests that the universities and supervisors design and structure healthy, constructive doctoral programs. As an outcome of the review, differentiated demands, contextual, personal resources at the doctoral education and mental well-being of students are supported by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, Conservation of Resources, Causality Orientations Theory and Basic Psychological Need Theory respectively. The current review is an initial attempt to synthesize challenge-hindrance demands and contextual-personal resources in determining the mental well-being of doctoral students.

Family cohesion and intuitive eating in Chinese college students: A serial mediation model

Improving intuitive eating can effectively prevent emotional eating, restrained eating, and overeating, and help improve people's physical and mental health. Based on the acceptance model of intuitive eating, ecological systems theory, family stress model, and transactional model of stress and coping, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between family cohesion and intuitive eating and its underlying mechanisms through a cross-sectional study design. A random sample of 702 college students from 29 provinces in China, aged from 18 to 26 years (54.56% male, M age = 21.12 years), voluntarily participated in the survey. Demographic variables, family cohesion, intuitive eating, perceived stress, and coping style were measured. The results indicated that family cohesion was significantly positively correlated with intuitive eating and the direct effect between them was significant. Meanwhile, there was a significant indirect effect of family cohesion on intuitive eating through perceived stress and positive coping styles. Moreover, perceived stress and positive coping styles, rather than negative coping styles, acted as serial mediators in the association between family cohesion and intuitive eating. The findings shed light on the prevention and intervention for disordered eating and obesity and provided a new theoretical perspective for the mental health education of college students. In addition, implications and directions for future research were also discussed.

BISNIS DALAM ISLAM (IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP-PRINSIP ISLAM DALAM AKTIFITAS EKONOMI BISNIS)

Current business developments provide space for everyone to make creations in business economic activity models. This condition provides opportunities and challenges that become homework for every circle, both business people, academics and even those in authority. The opportunity provided by this condition is the freedom for each individual to develop creativity and business innovation according to the wishes of every society, but this presents a challenge in the form of the growth and development of business economic activities which can violate Islamic principles in transactions and can have a worse impact, namely running a business by making a profit on the suffering of others. Therefore this article seeks to explain the concept of business in Islam with an approach to implementing Islamic principles in business activities. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of business principles in Islam with a focus on discussing how Islamic principles carry out business economic activities.
 This article uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. The data were obtained through a literature review of several scientific works both from turat books and from other research results.
 The conclusion of the results of this article illustrates that Islam gives freedom to every individual to create transaction models and business activities, but the freedom in question does not mean freedom without any barriers in activities. Therefore Islam provides several principles that can be applied in business economic activities which in this article the author summarizes into seven namely, mabadi' ar-rabbaniyyah, an-nubuwah, al-ishlah ijtima'iyyah, al-Jadi, at-tardiyyah, al -ukhuwah, al-hurriyah wal masuliyyah.

Examining the Relationship between Academic Stress and Coping Mechanisms among Filipino Irregular College Students

Using the Transaction Model of Stress and Coping theory, this quantitative study aimed to examine the relationship between academic stress and coping mechanisms among 201 Filipino irregular college students who were conveniently selected. Results showed that academic stress has a positive correlation with active emotional coping, active problem coping, passive emotional coping, and passive problem coping. Specifically, teachers’ stress, test stress and peer stress are positively correlated with active emotional coping, active problem coping, passive emotional coping and passive problem coping. While, a result stress, studying in groups and self-inflicted stress is positively associated with active problem coping, passive emotional coping and passive problem coping. In addition, time management stress only has a positive relationship with passive emotional coping and passive problem coping. Recommendations and the future direction of the study are discussed.

Establishing a two-way transaction pricing model of “platform-individual” co-creation data property rights

In recent years, the data trading industry has thrived on data assetization. However, given the increasing privacy concerns of the main data providers—individual users—their willingness to disclose data is in decline. Meanwhile, enterprises may violate privacy laws by profiting from co-creation data without user permission, blocking a significant amount of co-creation data from full circulation. This study establishes the utility function of users under three choices—purchase, sale, and maintaining the status quo—that quantify the privacy calculus mechanism and introduce privacy-related variables, employing references and interviews with Tencent employees and users. Accordingly, examining the decision-making behavior of users helped establish a data property rights two-way transaction model comprising six scenarios and, hence, six corresponding platform decisions. Indeed, the model can solve the noted dilemma and realize a Pareto improvement of the utilities of the platform and users. This study contributes a new perspective, constructs a data property rights two-way transaction model, expands the pricing theory boundary, and provides a decision reference for data trading practice, allowing enterprises to establish new business models.

Competitiveness Of Agricultural Commodities In International Trade

This study aims to find out the most important scientific concepts related to the competitiveness of agricultural commodities in international trade and based on previous research mapping, and to find out the weaknesses of scientific concepts in research related to the competitiveness of agricultural commodities in international trade. The method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The results of this study explain that the most important scientific concepts related to the topic of competitiveness are based on previous research mapping, namely; a) Competitiveness studies on marketing, price and production, b) Competitiveness studies on Innovation and entrepreneurship, c) Competitiveness studies on empowerment and local wisdom, d) Competitiveness studies on competitive and comparative advantages, e) Institutional study competitiveness. Previous year's research was limited to concepts and strategies for increasing institutional competitiveness in terms of productivity, quality of production results, and land area of transaction models, corruption control, government effectiveness, quality of regulations and rule of law, government support, institutional-based synergy of industry and MSMEs to improve Public Private Partnership (PPP), and from social solidarity and local wisdom is much stronger and more sustainable than because of government intervention.

The effect of perceived stress on social isolation in young and middle-aged maintenance haemodialysis patients: Apolynomial regression and response surface analysis.

Patients on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) face social isolation due to the far-reaching effects of their disease and treatment. Based on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, we analysed the relationship between perceived stress and social isolation in patients, and the mediating role of internal health-related locus of control (IHLC) from the perspective of co-existence of perceived helplessness (HEL) and perceived self-efficacy (SEL). We used structured questionnaires to investigate 332 cases of young and middle-aged MHD patients in four tertiary hospitals in Guangdong, China. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis were conducted, along with tests of mediating effects on the data. The research was based on STROBE guidelines. The results showed that perceived stress is significantly and positively associated with social isolation. When the HEL and SEL of perceived stress were congruent, the joint effect of the two was in a positive curvilinear relationship to social isolation, when the two were incongruent, the risk of social isolation was lower for "low HEL-high SEL" patients compared to the "high HEL-low SEL" combination. The more congruent in HEL -SEL, the lower the risk of social isolation for the patients, with the IHLC playing a mediating role in this association. This study reveals that the coexistence of perceived stress's HEL and SEL affects social isolation through congruent and incongruent matching mechanism, providing additional explanations for the mechanism of occurrence of patients' social isolation.

Stress and suffering from tinnitus-apsychosomatic approach

The development and processing of tinnitus is often associated with stress. There are many publications on this subject that have investigated possible connections between stress perception and tinnitus symptoms using different concepts and different test inventories. In this review, we present the development of Selye's concept of stress using the transactional stress model of Lazarus and its transfer to patients suffering from tinnitus. The literature evaluating the influence of stress on tinnitus symptoms with partly very different concepts is critically reviewed. For example, it is suggested that psychosocial stress has the same likelihood of contributing to tinnitus as noise in the workplace. However, what is striking in previous studies is that "stress" as an influencing variable could not be clearly verified with suitable psychometric test procedures or that no significant differences-to very different comparison groups-could be shown. Finally, apossible therapeutic approach to stress management is outlined.

Implementation of BPOM Regulation No. 8 of 2020 Concerning Online Drug Distribution at 4 Pharmacies in Purworejo Regency, Indonesia

The high number of internet users has an impact on the development of trade transaction models from conventional to electronic or online, known as e-commerce. The web-based or e-commerce business action plan in Indonesian regulations is called trading through electronic systems (PMSE). This study aimed to find out the implementation of BPOM regulation No 8 of 2020 concerning online drug distribution in 4 pharmacies in Purworejo Regency, Indonesia. This research is an observational study with a qualitative approach using information-gathering techniques through perception directly and meetings with several sources or witnesses related to this check. At the data analysis stage, the results of the interviews will be used as material for analyzed thematically by looking at and connecting with the problem formulation and research purposes. Interview data were analyzed using NVIVO 12 pro software. The implementation of BPOM Regulation No. 8 of 2020 related to the circulation of drugs distributed online in 4 pharmacies in Purworejo Regency has been running with a percentage of 79.55% in accordance with and 20.45% not in accordance with existing regulations. The implementation of BPOM Regulation No. 8 of 2020 concerning the Circulation of Drugs Distributed Online in pharmacies in Purworejo Regency has a significant impact on the supervision and safety of drug circulation through online platforms or e-commerce. In conclusion, based on the provisions contained in BPOM Regulation No. 8 of 2020 related to the circulation of drugs distributed online, most of the regulations have been implemented in the 4 pharmacies but improvements are still needed in the media used.

Approche systémique des rumeurs à l’adolescence. Le haut potentiel : facteur de vulnérabilité ou facteur de protection ?

IntroductionIn this article, we focus on the experiences of gifted adolescents who are victims of bullying in the form of rumors. How do they experience this relational aggression and this social isolation when belonging to a peer network is essential at this age? Are they more vulnerable or more resilient? A systemic perspective led us to consider all the factors within these perpetrator-victim-management team systems that are involved in the rumor spreading. Patients and methodWe conducted a qualitative study of three situations based on Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model to analyze the processes at work within each system in the rumor spreading. ResultsThe results show that the teenager who spreads the rumor does so in the name of his or her anti-violence values, without considering the context in which the events took place and the subjective experience of the protagonists. It is also a way for him or her to establish his or her popularity within the group. Each of the three gifted boys reacted differently. Struggling to identify the roles of victim and perpetrator, the institution administrator did not perceive the situation as a case of bullying and may even have credited the rumor. DiscussionOur discussion focuses on the personal and family factors of the population in this study, the current societal context with the MeToo movement and the cancel culture, and the limitations of school-based anti-bullying interventions. These three studies show the need to alert and inform education professionals to a systemic understanding when it comes to the spreading of these rumors in adolescence. These acquired skills will then allow them to be more efficient as mediators in these situations, sometimes with dramatic consequences for vulnerable individuals. ConclusionGiftedness appears as a secondary characteristic compared to emotional competencies. Nevertheless, certain personality traits often observed in gifted subjects, such as overexcitability or a particular sense of humor, are active in transactions between the different systems.

ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND COPING STRATEGIES OF PERI-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN SELECTED DISTRICT OF WEST BENGAL

Peri-menopause is natural event where ovarian follicular activity is reduced, for this reason women are prone to develop various physical and psychological symptoms. A descriptive study was conducted to detect psychological problems and coping strategies among peri- menopausal women in selected district of West Bengal. 200 participants were selected through non- probability purposive sampling technique to assess psychological problems and coping strategies among them and to find out the association between identified psychological problems and coping strategies with selected demographic variables. Conceptual framework of this study was based on Lazarus & Folkman’s Transactional Model of stress and coping. Semi-structured questionnaire, DASS 21 Questionnaire and Brief COPE Inventory were used to collect data. Result revealed that 63.5% peri- menopausal women had no depression, 2% had extremely severe depression. 71% had no anxiety; 55.5% had no stress and 10% had severe stress. Most of the peri- menopausal women (57.5 %) adopted moderate coping strategies. Chi-square test revealed that there was significant association between depression and educational status (p< 0.05). Coping strategies were also significantly associated with their monthly family income (p<0.05).

The moderating effect of self-care self-efficacy and self-care behaviors on the relationship between symptom burden and frailty among heart failure inpatients

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background The trajectory of heart failure is punctuated by episodes of repeated hospitalization due to heart failure exacerbation. Heart failure inpatients bear a heavy symptom burden, which acts as a strong stimulus to decrease patients' physiological reserve and lead to the development of frailty. Frailty has been shown to be a powerful predictor of heart failure inpatients' poor prognosis. Based on the theory of the Transactional Model of Stress, self-care behavior was suggested to be a cognitive-behavioral coping method to mitigate the detrimental effect elicited by symptom stimulus and improve patients' prognoses. Purpose This study was conducted to examine whether self-efficacy, self-care behaviors including self-care maintenance, symptom perception, and self-care management moderate the relationship between symptom burden and frailty. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with 207 participants recruited from June to December 2022. The Chinese versions of Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Heart Failure, Self-care self-efficacy scale, Self-care index of heart failure 7.2 and Edmonton frailty scale were adopted to capture corresponding variables. The moderation effects of self-care self-efficacy and three specific self-care behaviors were explored using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results Among recruited patients, most patients were male (61.8%), with the mean age of 71.23. As for the moderating effects analyses, self-care efficacy (P<0.001, ΔR2=0.032), self-care maintenance (P<0.001, ΔR2=0.039) and symptom perception (P<0.001, ΔR2=0.031) rather than self-care management (P=0.06) moderated the detrimental effect of symptom burden on frailty. The results of further analysis showed that providers recommended (P<0.001, ΔR2=0.036) rather than self-initiated (P=0.81) self-care management behaviors moderated the relationship between symptom burden and frailty. Conclusions This study identified the moderating effects of self-care self-efficacy, self-care behaviors in mitigating detrimental effect of symptom burden on frailty. Our study suggested one potential pathway to improve patients' prognoses by decreasing the deleterious effects of symptoms and highlighted the necessity of incorporating self-care into heart failure management.

THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE COPING RESPONSES INVENTORY ADULT FORM (CRI-A) AND TESTING ITS PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping highlights the significance of community- individual interaction in coping. Accordingly, CRI-A, as developed by Moos involves four sub-dimensions for each of approach and avoidance coping responses. The aim of this research to evaluate the psychometric properties of CRI-A. Data were collected from a total of 400 university students whose ages vary between 17- 48. Of the 250 participants, the validity of the Inventory has been tested through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and correlations with Stress Coping Styles (SCSI), Locus of Control (LCI), and Eysenck Personality (EPI) Inventories. With the remaining 150 students, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has been conducted. The results indicate that alpha coefficients of approach and avoidance subtests of CRI-A range between .60-.70, and .53-.68, respectively. CRI-A and most SCSI subtests, CRI-A’s avoidance and LCI scores, and CRI-A and EPI scores yielded significant correlations. The CFA showed good fit indices for the factor structure extracted from EFA. The findings provide acceptable evidence for the validity and reliability of CRI-A.