Model For Regional Cooperation Research Articles

Ratification of the UN Anti-Corruption Convention: Legal and Political Implications in Indonesia and its Context within Southeast Asian International Law Discourse

This paper scrutinizes Indonesia's ratification of the UN Anti-Corruption Convention, examining its legal and political implications within Southeast Asia's international law discourse. Analyzing treaty provisions alongside Indonesia's legal framework, it assesses challenges and opportunities in combating corruption. The study emphasizes several key findings. Firstly, domestically, ratification showcases Indonesia's commitment to combat corruption, addressing a long-standing governance and economic development issue. Aligning with international standards signals intent to fortify anti-corruption efforts, bolster transparency, and augment accountability mechanisms. This aligns with fostering good governance practices vital for sustainable development and attracting foreign investment. Secondly, ratification holds political significance, affirming the government's dedication to tackling corruption, potentially enhancing its legitimacy. However, effective implementation may face hurdles due to entrenched political interests and bureaucratic challenges. In the Southeast Asian context, Indonesia's ratification serves as a model for regional cooperation against corruption. As a major economy and populous nation, Indonesia's commitment sets a precedent for collective action. It underscores the importance of regional collaboration in combating corruption, opening avenues for dialogue, collaboration, and capacity-building initiatives. This offers prospects for strengthening anti-corruption frameworks and mechanisms both nationally and regionally. In conclusion, Indonesia's ratification of the UN Anti-Corruption Convention signifies a pivotal step in combating corruption domestically and regionally. While it showcases political will and potential for regional cooperation, effective implementation remains contingent on overcoming internal challenges and fostering collaboration across Southeast Asia. This study illuminates the complex interplay between national and international efforts to combat corruption, contributing to a deeper understanding of the regional dynamics at play.

Geothermal Power Corridor- connecting the Middle East Countries

The Middle East economy and life depend on imports, be it food, water, or energy, despite each country in the region having enormous energy resources to exploit and reduce dependency on countries outside the region and develop a socioeconomic model of regional cooperation and synergy. An estimated 371 TWh of electricity available from geothermal energy resources can be utilized by these countries to support basic needs and be free from food-energy-water imports by sharing their energy resources. The total amount of CO2 emissions from these countries is currently 945 x 106 kg, so these countries can further earn about 92 million euros from carbon savings, by using geothermal energy along this corridor. This amount can be utilized for augmenting the energy supply from geothermal sources. In this work, the available geothermal resources are evaluated, and suggestions are made how this energy can be best utilized for peaceful existence and cooperation in the region.

Book review: Morris Altman, Anthony Jensen, Akira Kurimoto, Robby Tulus, Yashavantha Dongre and Seungkwon Jang (Eds.): Waking the Asian Pacific Co-operative Potential

“Is it possible to identify a regional cooperative model (or models) of the Asia Pacific region?” With 23 case studies across 11 countries and four cooperative sectors (agricultural cooperatives, consumer cooperatives, credit cooperatives and worker cooperatives), the 44 authors of "Waking the Asian Pacific Co-operative Potential" boldly try to answer this question. This voluminous book with around 400 pages-a valuable fruit of a long and collective adventure of cooperative researchers in the Asia-Pacific region-was stimulated and constructed by dynamics around regional conferences of the International Cooperative Alliance Asia-Pacific Committee on Cooperative Research (ICAAP CCR).

Syrian-Iraqi trade: on the way to the regional agenda

The authors' analysis of the Syrian-Iraqi trade as the basis for the implementation of socio- economic development programs in the long term is carried out in the article. It is shown that these countries, which find themselves in a similar socio-economic situation and are rebuilding their economies after military intervention on their territory, have common approaches in understanding the process of both reconstruction and regional cooperation. The economies of both countries are mutually complementary to a certain extent, since Syria, which has a more diversified economy, has the opportunity to supply Iraq with the industrial goods necessary for this country. However, the authors emphasize that an external factor, namely the economic sanctions imposed by Western countries that remain in effect against both countries, still prevent, for example, the export of Iraqi oil to Syria. According to the authors, cooperation between Syria and Iraq in various economic spheres relevant to both countries is an example of a new model of regional cooperation emerging in the post-global era.

(Invited) Nano Ontario - A Model for Regional Cooperation in Nanotechnology

Nano Ontario is a not-for-profit corporation representing the interests of academic, industrial, government and financial community members in the development of nanotechnologies in Ontario, Canada. Members work together to raise the profile, increase the research, build the investment and drive economic returns from nanotechnology in the province and across Canada.In this presentation I will discuss how this multi-sector cooperation serves to achieve the following main objectives: Be a trusted source of information for all nanoscience and nanotechnology activity in Ontario;Advise government organizations on economic opportunity, policy, standards & regulations that nanotechnology can offer, to enable Ontario to benefit and capitalize from its nano research, development, and commercial capacity;Map Ontario’s capacity in nanotechnology research, development, and commercialization;Serve as the main point of contact for Ontario’s community of practice in nanoscience & nanotechnology;Build and facilitate new connections between nanotechnology groups in universities, government organizations and industries within Ontario, across Canada, and internationally; andCoordinate public outreach activities to advocate the societal benefits enabled by nanoscience and nanotechnology.

East Asia Hydrographic Commission - Fifty Years of Progress

The year 2021 marks the 50th anniversary of the East Asia Hydrographic Commission (EAHC). It was established in 1971 as the third oldest Regional Hydrographic Commission located in East Asia. Since then, EAHC has progressed in cooperation of hydrographic services and in development of hydrographic technology for navigation safety and other aims. This article describing comprehensive historical steps and efforts of a Regional Hydrographic Commission in an important area of maritime transport will present readers a suggestive model of regional cooperation in hydrography. One of the suggestions can be summarized that the keys to development of Regional Hydrographic Commission are strong intention, initiative, unity and enthusiasm to leave no one behind.

Существующие механизмы Шанхайской организации сотрудничества и проблемы борьбы с нетрадиционными вызовами безопасности

Central Asia is extremely important for the security of Russia, China and the Eurasian region, both historically and at present. Unconventional security challenges, led by terrorism, extremism and separatism, which in the official Chinese rhetoric and official documents of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) are designated as the ‘three forces of evil,’ pose a serious challenge to the security of China, Russia, the countries of Central Asia and Eurasia in general. Over the 20 years of the SCO’s history, proceeding from their ‘Shanghai spirit,’ the participating countries have created unique legislative and organizational mechanisms for a joint strike against the ‘three forces of evil,’ as well as mechanisms for bilateral and multilateral antiterrorist exercises. The most important of these is the Peace Mission joint exercise, which has been regularly held since 2005. These mechanisms of cooperation within the SCO embody the spirit of solidarity, mutual trust and cooperation, reflect the ability of the members of the organization to jointly counter the ‘three forces of evil’ and respond to related problems, and also symbolize the SCO’s determination to protect stability in the region and peace in the world. The organization has made a significant contribution to ensuring security in the region. Nevertheless, in the face of existing problems and new challenges such as potential competition and disagreements within the organization, problems with new members after the expansion of the membership, and also the ineffective functioning of some of the SCO’s security instruments, all SCO members need to strengthen their cooperation and open new ways for organizing the SCO to fulfil well its unique role to ensure security in the territory of SCO states and in Eurasia as a whole. The new model of relations—‘Russian-Chinese relations of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction entering a new era’—that underlies the SCO gives the organization greater stability. The SCO is a unique organization on the territory of Eurasia and has both implemented an important innovation in the theory and practice of international relations and opened a new model of regional cooperation. Therefore, it can be stated with a high degree of confidence that multilateral cooperation in the field of security will gradually deepen.

Weaponizing narrative: Russia contesting EUrope’s liberal identity, power and hegemony

ABSTRACT Europe has always occupied a special place in Russia’s storytelling of the ‘self’ and the ‘other’ – from Russia being portrayed as ‘part of Europe’ to it being cast as a ‘better Europe’ or an alternative to Europe that stands for conservative values or a different model of regional cooperation, including such as the Eurasian Economic Union. This article explores the recent shift from discursive contestation to subversion – all around the conflict in Ukraine and in a broader framework of a Russian matryoshka-style struggle against Western liberal-democratic hegemony and the EU’s liberal identity, power and influence in what Russia regards as its’ ‘near abroad’. It demonstrates the growing weaponization of the narrative replacing the pursuit of conventional narrative-contestation practices. In doing so, the article develops an original methodology combining qualitative (content-analytical) and quantitative (digital corpus-analytical) narrative enquiry, including the use of the GDELT-powered ‘big data’ analysis.

International Cooperation Among Artificial Intelligence Research Teams Based on Regional Cooperation Models

The paper explores the regional cooperation model and the differences among artificial intelligence research teams. It is helpful to reveal the status and strategies of scientific cooperation models across regions or within regions. We identified the world of artificial intelligence research teams with co-authorship network, and then identified the leading team based on the Number of Publications, Number of Citations, H-index, Weighted Degree Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Closeness Centrality. Based on the identified artificial intelligence research leading teams, this paper divides different types of cooperation models by region and comprehensively analyzed the three aspects of geographical distribution, cooperation indicators, and cooperation topics in the research teams from the perspective of comparisons. In order to find the international gap between China and other countries, we still highlight the difference between China's participation and non-participation in cooperation. The research results show that Chinese and their foreign research maintain close ties with major scientific research countries; international cooperation is widespread and is conducive to crossing into the leading team; China's domestic cooperation is higher than in other countries, and their domestic cooperation research is mainly manifested in the data processing and application level, while the core technology and basic algorithm levels need to cooperate with foreign countries.

Impact of Knowledge Spillover on Regional Club Convergence in China

Knowledge spillover theory introduces specialized knowledge and human capital accumulation into the production function, breaks through the limitations of traditional economic theory, and illustrates the continuous and permanent source and power of economic growth. This article attempts to study the “club phenomenon” of the uneven development of China’s regional economy from the perspective of knowledge spillover, using the Spatial Dubin Model (SDM) to process China’s provincial data from 1991 to 2015. Studies have shown that knowledge spillovers are conducive to narrowing the gap in the level of economic development between the eastern and central regions of China, but the gap in the level of economic development between the two regions is gradually widening, and there is a “club phenomenon”. Therefore, developing regional cooperation models and focusing on cultivating talents for innovation can improve China’s uneven regional economic development to a certain extent.

Havza Yönetiminde Bölgesel Elektrik Ticareti Modeli: Aral ve Kura-Aras Havzaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Transboundary river basin management problems have been on top of the agenda of Central Asian politics, especially after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This issue area has was given priority in the global political-environmental debates since the emergence of the Aral Sea problem during the Soviet era. In contrast, the environmental issues regarding the Kura-Araks river basin were relatively less discussed in the literature and thus have been paid less attention in the global political -environmental debates. This paper compares the environmental and economic issue areas of the water management and hydroelectricity generation in the Kura-Araks river basin and the Aral Sea basin and recommends solutions based on dyad-level regional electricity trade schemes based on regional cooperation models.

The Three Seas Initiative as a new model of regional cooperation in Central Europe: A Polish perspective

The Three Seas Initiative (TSI) is a new Polish-Croatian initiative of regional cooperation in Central Europe, launched in 2016. The goal of TSI was from the beginning cooperation in the areas of: energy, logistics and transport as well as digital cooperation. The aim of the article was to present the conditions of cooperation under TSI, to evaluate the activities of the TSI investment fund, the CEEplus stock index and selected projects implemented under the TSI. Opportunities and challenges currently facing TSI are presented, including the new EU budget, the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the region's economy and the influence of external actors. TSI became part of the tradition of Polish political activity in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. From 2018, the Initiative moved from the concept phase to the implementation phase. The concrete “success story” will determine the effectiveness of TSI cooperation

Regional cooperation and health diplomacy in Africa: from intra-colonial exchanges to multilateral health institutions.

Tracing the pathways of cooperation in health in sub-Saharan Africa from hesitant exchanges to institutionalized dimensions from the 1920s to the early 1960s, this article addresses regional dynamics in health diplomacy which have so far been under-researched. The evolution thereof from early beginnings with the League of Nations Health Organization to the Commission for Technical Assistance South of the Sahara and the World Health Organization's Regional Office for Africa, shows how bilateral dimensions were superseded by WHO's multilateral model of regional cooperation in health. Alignments, divergences, and outcomes are explored with respect to the strategies and policies pursued by colonial powers and independent African states regarding inter-regional relations, and their implications for public health and epidemiological interventions.

The Three Seas Initiative: Geopolitical Determinants and Polish Interests

Since 2015, Polish foreign policy has witnessed a gradual rise in the significance of regional cooperation, as reflected in its enthusiasm for the Three Seas Initiative (TSI)1. The Initiative constitutes an in statu nascendi undertaking, one which aims to consolidate cooperation among states located in the region between the Baltic, Black, and Adriatic Seas. (In Poland, a popular acronym to denote the project is the “ABC initiative,” which reflects the Polish names of these bodies of water [i.e., Adriatyk, Bałtyk, Czarne]. However, itmust be emphasized that the member states of the TSI do not operate invacuum, but rather within a broader institutional framework that includes the European Union, the Central European Initiative, and the Visegrád Group. This paper begins by outlining the prospective geopolitical determinants that will determine the success or failure of the TSI, with particular attention paid to issues of regional security. It concludes by analysing how the Initiative may become a new model for regional cooperation.

Európai járműipari térségek gazdasági kormányzási modelljei

A regionális politika fejlődési szakaszaiban a klasszikus (modern) megközelítést a posztmodern váltotta fel. A klasszikus időszakban alkalmazott állami módszereket a merevség, a központi szabályozás, a piac közvetett szabályozása jellemezte (fordista szemlélet), ezzel szemben a posztmodern időszakban inkább a rugalmasság, a decentralizáció és a közvetlen piacszabályozás került előtérbe (posztfordizmus). A modern időszak gazdaságfejlesztése kínálatorientált politikaként fogható fel, ahol főleg a hard infrastruktúra építése, a felülről jövő (top-down) megközelítés jellemző, a gazdaság szereplői a kedvezményezettek. Napjaink posztmodern időszakának gazdasági kormányzása ugyanakkor inkább keresletorientált, a soft befektetésekre is nagyobb figyelmet fordít, teret enged az alulról jövő kezdeményezéseknek, s hálózatos együttműködéseket alakít ki a gazdasági, felsőoktatási, kutatás-fejlesztési, gazdasági intézmények és szervezetek között.A tanulmány összefoglalja annak a kutatásnak a legfontosabb eredményeit, mely kilenc európai ország 19 járműipari központjában tárta fel a térségi együttműködési és pályaorientációs modelleket. Az érintett településeken a járműiparban érdekelt szereplők között különböző szintű és szervezettségű együttműködéseket találtunk. Ezen együttműködések az alábbi kategóriákba sorolhatók: 1. (ön)kormányzati és vállalati szereplők együttműködése a gazdaságfejlesztés területén, 2. vállalati és felsőoktatási szereplők együttműködése a kutatás-fejlesztés területén, 3. együttműködések a szakképzés területén, 4. multilaterális, nagy számú érintettet tömörítő együttműködési rendszerek. Ezeket a csoportokat a tanulmány részletesen kibontja.

Externalizing the EU’s Justice and Home Affairs to Southeast Asia: Prospects and Limitations

The transnational security dimension ascribed to many phenomena such as terrorism, drug trafficking, pandemics, or people smuggling has led to increased pressures to increase cooperation across national borders to ‘fight’ or ‘manage’ many of the new, transnational security threats. Against this background the EU has sought to promote its own norms and ideas, policy preferences and its own model of regional cooperation and integration in her external affairs. A number of recent studies have examined the growing potency of the EU to actively promote ideas and policy preferences in its neighborhood as well as with the U.S., however, scant attention has been given to EU cooperation with other regional organizations.
 By closely examining the EU’s cooperation with ASEAN in two policy fields deemed central within JHA – human trafficking and counter terrorism – this paper seeks not only to broaden the empirical basis of scholarship, but additionally seeks to connect the empirical findings with the wider debate on the EU’s ability to externalize its internal security governance. The study finds that despite numerous declarations and plan of actions, very little policy transfer has actually taken place between the EU and ASEAN. It is argued that any attempt to externalize or transfer policy is met by long-standing ideas and norms, policy paradigms and an established specific modus operandi of regional cooperation within ASEAN itself. This will continue to make nigh impossible any externalization of EU policies to Southeast Asia for the foreseeable future.

A new cooperative approach for ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients to receive timely and effective percutaneous coronary reperfusion in China.

BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most serious type of coronary heart disease. However, less than 30% of these patients have been treated effectively in China. Delayed treatment is a leading cause. This study aimed to evaluate a new regional cooperative model for improving the first medical contact-to-device time and the therapeutic effects on AMI patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 458 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients was performed. Patients were divided into two groups in terms of before or after the model were implemented. First medical contact-to-device time (FMC2D), Door to device time (D2D), referral time, cardiac functions, mean cost, days of hospitalization, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were analyzed.ResultsThe mean FMC2D time, D2D time and referral time of the model group were significantly lower than the control group. The left ventricular ejection fraction of the model group increased but the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension decreased compared with the control group at 6 months after discharge. These results also showed that mean costs and days of hospitalization were reduced. The MACE rate was reduced in the model group.ConclusionsThese results suggested that the new model decreased the FMC2D time, which could improve the cardiac function and therapeutic effect of STEMI patients as well as decreased the financial burden.

The New Silk Road as an Emerging Model of Regional and International Economic Cooperation—A Brief Review of the International Symposium on “The New Silk Road and China-Africa Economic Relations”

At the International Symposium on “The New Silk Road and China-Africa Economic Relations” held in Kenya, some 30 scholars shared their understanding of the “One Belt One Road” plan announced by the Chinese government. The themes of the symposium covered the definition and political-economic implications of “One Belt One Road,” its effects on China-Africa economic relationships, and the key points and procedures of related projects. Most of the scholars attending the symposium declared that “One Belt One Road” is the updated version of traditional forms of Chinese aid to developing countries, especially African countries, and meets the need for cooperation among developing countries and the industry upgrading of Chinese enterprises. The plan's core ideas differ from those of the United States; they represent a new international order and an emerging model of regional cooperation and international economic cooperation. As well, recommendations on fostering state-owned enterprise systems and a sustainable labor force in African countries were also discussed.

DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS IN ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES: THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE

This study examines the historical development of corporate governance structures in First Nations communities in British Columbia, where development corporations are employed to assist privately-owned and community-owned entrepreneurial enterprises. First Nations entrepreneurial activity functions in an environment where business must market to a global economy while preserving traditional values, beliefs and other cultural elements. A brief history of First Nations and their enterprise development efforts is presented. Empirical research findings describe the close relationship between local community and corporate goals and identify conflicts of interest between political leaders and management of development corporations. The evidence demonstrates entrepreneurial success and economic development of First Nations communities rely on an independent decision-making process within business development corporations. An alternative business model is developed utilizing the empirical research, social enterprise literature and the unique regional cooperative model of the Mondragon region of Spain. The new model respects the land base and other environmental and social values while providing a framework for economic success. Exploration of this unique enterprise-to-region development model, which incorporates consideration for the natural environment and social and cultural values, offers lessons to other societies and regions that will assist in the movement toward an economic system based on concepts of sustainability.

Growing controversy over “wise international water governance”

This article takes the perspective that when political relationships are strained, there seem to be few examples of wise international water resources governance. The Middle East is a striking example. Much effort has been put into policy development and the design of international principles, but very little into the translation of those into concrete and lasting governance. One of the theses of the article is that politics--whether domestic or international--in most cases overrides these principles and standards. Moreover readymade regional co-operation models of water managements are not directly applicable to every geographical, political, economic and social setting. Certain factors are often under-estimated in international water negotiations, such as: the complexity of any hydro-political negotiations, and need to develop commonly accepted standards; the difficulty of translating policy--either politically or legally--into an operational and realistic negotiations strategy; the format of the procedures and meetings; recognition that third parties should have a long-term perspective on any conflict they get involved in. With reservations, the lessons learned indicate that the following factors have an impact on grid locked situations, such as: new substantive information; new trade-offs between the parties; and changed political climate or relationship with external power-brokers.