Modes Of Thinking Research Articles

From men's violence to an ethic of care: Ecofeminist contributions to green criminology

Green criminology has made important contributions to criminological inquiry by highlighting the destructive impact of humans on the more-than-human world. However, it often adopts a gender-neutral lens that overlooks the disproportionate role of men and masculinities in perpetrating green harms. This paper places green criminology into critical dialogue with ecofeminism, arguing that harms against the environment and nonhuman animals are inextricably gendered and should be understood as interconnected forms of men's violence. Ecofeminist insights reveal that violence against the more-than-human world is rooted in hierarchical dualisms, whereby humans are placed separate from and above nature, and the masculine is defined as superior to the feminine. This hierarchical logic enables men to view others in detached, instrumental ways and serves to legitimise acts of men's violence. But just as ecofeminism provides green criminologists with a productive framework for understanding men's violence against the environment and nonhuman animals, it also provides a means of moving beyond this violence. It does this by advocating for an ethic of care that unravels hierarchical modes of thinking and promotes more harmonious relationships between humans and the more-than-human world. By building caring, egalitarian relationships with other living beings (and with their own emotional selves), it is harder for men to act in violent, dominating ways towards others, providing the foundation for more sustainable, interdependent ways of being.

Competition during verbal creative processes influences on ERS/ERD

ABSTRACT Humans are social creatures, and many tasks in our daily lives are solved together. The two main forms of social interaction in problem solving could be defined as competition and cooperation. In our study, we compared the ERS/ERD when performing a creative task (Alternative Uses Test, AUT) and a control task (“naming the objects from the presented category”) under competitive conditions in dyads (22 dyads, m-m, f-f, 18–23 years old) compared to the performance of tasks individually. The number of answers given by subjects under competitive conditions was significantly lower than during the execution of the tasks individually. The solving of the creative task in competition versus individual performance was accompanied by EEG synchronization (9–30 hz) clusters: 140–1220 ms and 900–1780 ms after stimulus presentation; 13.5–30 hz (1800–1980 ms), reflecting the creative thinking mode, and expected cognitive, emotional answers’ assessment. The control task under competitive conditions was accompanied by pronounced synchronization of low frequencies in the frontal areas (2–7 hz, 0–1980 ms), due to a greater working memory load; synchronization clusters in broadband (10–30 hz, 100–320 ms, 400–860 ms) and in the beta EEG band (17–30 hz, 1140–1980 ms). The competitive conditions significantly modulated the brain activity underlying creative and non-creative cognitive task performance, and resulted in greater induced EEG synchronization.

Answering, Fast and Slow: Strategy enhancement of visual understanding guided by causality

In his classic book Thinking, Fast and Slow (Daniel, 2017), Kahneman points out that human thinking can be categorized into two main modes of thinking: a system that displays intuition and emotion (i.e., System 1), and a system that is more planned and relies more on logic, defined as System 2. This idea explains both rational and irrational motivations. In this paper, we revisit visual comprehension tasks based on this idea. At the theoretical level, we focus on the relationship between intuitive thinking, prior knowledge, and environmental information, and build a causal graph between the three. Further, inspired by the constructed causal graph, an intuitive optimization strategy with clear interpretability is proposed. In the validation session, we provide conclusions consistent with the theoretical analyses through extensive experiments on public datasets based on a visual quizzing task. Excitingly, our scheme demonstrates strong competitiveness in terms of generalizability without adding new technologies.

An Interdisciplinary Survey on Origin-destination Flows Modeling: Theory and Techniques

Origin-destination (OD) flow modeling is an extensively researched subject across multiple disciplines, such as the investigation of travel demand in transportation and spatial interaction modeling in geography. However, researchers from different fields tend to employ their own unique research paradigms and lack interdisciplinary communication, preventing the cross-fertilization of knowledge and the development of novel solutions to challenges. This article presents a systematic interdisciplinary survey that comprehensively and holistically scrutinizes OD flows from utilizing fundamental theory to studying the mechanism of population mobility and solving practical problems with engineering techniques, such as computational models. Specifically, regional economics, urban geography, and sociophysics are adept at employing theoretical research methods to explore the underlying mechanisms of OD flows. They have developed three influential theoretical models: the gravity model, the intervening opportunities model, and the radiation model. These models specifically focus on examining the fundamental influences of distance, opportunities, and population on OD flows, respectively. In the meantime, fields such as transportation, urban planning, and computer science primarily focus on addressing four practical problems: OD prediction, OD construction, OD estimation, and OD forecasting. Advanced computational models, such as deep learning models, have gradually been introduced to address these problems more effectively. We have constructed the benchmarks for these four problems at https://github.com/tsinghua-fib-lab/OD_benckmark. Finally, based on the existing research, this survey summarizes current challenges and outlines future directions for this topic. Through this survey, we aim to break down the barriers between disciplines in OD flow related research, fostering interdisciplinary perspectives and modes of thinking.

The Importance of Humanities in a Career-Focused Educational Environment

This article addresses the role of the humanities in the context of professional degree programs that focus on technology, and shows how the humanities has enhanced career-oriented degree programs. As part of a larger college-wide initiative to develop interdisciplinary curricula, the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) awarded a grant to ***** College to both explore the relationship between the humanities and career-focused degree programs in STEM departments. This article describes the design and implementation of coursework that bridges the curricular gaps between humanities disciplines and technical or career-focused disciplines by bringing the humanities to bear on science and technology-oriented courses. If humanities appear as a body of knowledge, then they appear distinct from other disciplines. If humanities are viewed as conceptual frameworks that develop different modes of thinking, then the importance of the humanities to workforce development becomes clear.

The Research and Analysis of the Application of Artistic Design Thinking in Design

The purpose is to study the application thinking of art design, with the unified expansion of conscious initiative as the core. Start with the essence and connotation of artistic design thinking. This paper discusses the nature, function, and application of artistic design thinking and the value of design. First of all, this paper analyzes “art design thinking”, which is divided into objective content and subjective mind fusion. It is a thinking mode applicable to the field of art, with a certain content of artistic thought and a consistent way of thinking, and emphasizes the principle of people-oriented, focusing on emotional experience and unique aesthetics. The paper explains that the characteristics of art design thinking are to understand things, to change things, and to associate things, and emphasizes that design should return to things eventually. Art design thinking is analyzed from the nature, function, and application of design thinking. Practical value, innovative value. In the design, the effective use of the thinking of art design can optimize the design. Then, it analyzes the original function and play of artistic design thinking in design. This involves the cognition, understanding, and comprehensive thinking of the original thing to combine image and rational thinking to extend and optimize creative ideas. Imagination and artistic thinking are transformed into new practical creativity, and art design thinking is used to optimize the design, so that the design has practical aesthetic value, to meet the needs of consumers. In terms of application analysis, it emphasizes the integration of cultural elements into artistic design thinking. This integration reflects that the designer and the spirit of creation cannot be separated, and the spirit of creation is fully reflected.

Painting matters: new materialism and new knowledge

ABSTRACT This article discusses the contributions of two individual research-creation projects focussed on the practice of painting and the matter of paint, emergent trans-disciplinary discussions regarding critical posthumanities, and new materialism. As an epistemological field, artistic research pursues knowledge in subjective, constructive and affective dimensions. It searches for new forms of understanding the world that do not reproduce existing modes of thinking, seeking to disrupt established research conventions regulating how the world is explored. Through reflections on the process of painting from a new materialist perspective, we define acts of painting as assemblages of human and non-human entities formed through complex intra-actions within a dynamic of becoming. Painting as practice is an embodied process of non-verbal material thinking, capable of enabling practitioners and viewers of artworks to experience, actualise and re-enact traces of affective registers. The article concludes with the proposal that painting practices within a new materialist framework enable modifications of personal affective registers contributing to transformations of the self and subjectivities.

The civic importance of John Dewey’s Art as Experience (1934)

In the Harvard lectures that became Art as Experience (1934) Dewey developed a democratic account of art that not only expanded the range of creative experience (watching a huge digger, the architectonics of a mutually satisfactory conversation, are included in the reach of art) but developed an account of art that was vitally reciprocal, participatory and social. Maker and perceiver are equally interactive creators as they mutually develop new modes of feeling and thinking. For Dewey this relationship necessarily re-makes the experience of community and, just as important, creates a civic space for interrogation and critique. (This article is published in the thematic collection ‘The arts and humanities: rethinking value for today—views from Fellows of the British Academy’, edited by Isobel Armstrong.)

"Simply" talking about the Anthropocene?

The Anthropocene seems to be on everyone’s lips these days. Whether as a turning point in Earth’s history, a geological epoch, or as a cultural narrative and metaphor, the Anthropocene is currently being debated not only in the scientific disciplines, but also as a fashionable buzzword in the media, popular culture, and the arts. Conversely, some scholars have argued that the term perpetuates anthropocentrism, Eurocentrism, and global inequalities rather than “demystifying” them. Use of the term itself would seemingly encourage ongoing processes of depoliticization. In what follows, I will trace this supposed depoliticization of the Anthropocene. Ultimately, I argue that a critical look at notions of temporality and timescale could not only reveal the politics of the Anthropocene and initiate new modes of historical thinking, but also shake the foundations of history education.

A painting you can eat: A dialogue between Dōgen and postmodern thinkers on nature and ecology

ABSTRACT Ecology is a major international issue of the present moment because the earth is threatened by forces beyond our control that have potential devastating consequences. This essay looks at the problem through the eyes of the Zen master Dðgen and selected postmodern philosophers. The difference between them is evident by Dðgen’s planful statement about eating a painting of a rice cake. Postmodernists perceives nature as a social construct connected to a representational mode of thinking that conflicts with the postmodern emphasis on difference, simulation, planes without depth and lack of unity. These postmodern tendencies of thinking are contrary to the philosophy of Dðgen, whose image of a painting of a rice cake can satisfy intellectual hunger and serves as a serious way to save the ecological system and overcome the representational mode of thinking.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Philosophy and Organization Studies: How Does Philosophy Illuminate the Study of Organizations?

Although not always apparent, generating theories about organizational phenomena inevitably involves philosophical questions. The latter are concerned with the meaning of the concepts researchers use to describe, interpret, explain, and, in general, understand organizational phenomena. A philosophical approach to organization studies aims to scrutinize, critique, and clarify key concepts, modes of thinking, research practices, as well as assumptions about reality and ways of justifying knowledge claims. Similar to other institutionalized practices, organizational research legitimates and takes for granted certain ways of engaging with, and talking about, the world, leading inevitably to some closure of meaning. Philosophical inquiry can counteract such closure by questioning commonly accepted meanings and fostering an inquisitive mindset that allows us to perceive the world anew. The aim of this Special Issue is to further develop and critically enhance the existing endeavours that explicitly incorporate philosophical approaches in organization studies. Specifically, the objective is to promote a more philosophically oriented approach in the field, focusing on both critical analysis and the development of innovative conceptual advancements. In this Introduction, we not only introduce the featured papers but, also, reflect on the broader purpose of philosophy, its relationship to organization studies, and how it can inform and enrich the field.

Measuring the Success of Grandpa Aki’s Short Video Series in Cross-cultural Transmission of Traditional Chinese Culture

With the development of digitization and online platforms, short videos have become one of the ways to spread traditional Chinese culture. The success of Grandpa Aki’s short videos is a model of cross-cultural transmission of traditional Chinese culture, especially craftsmanship, via short videos. However, few scholars have talked about the implications of cross-cultural transmission of Chinese excellent traditional culture brought by Grandpa Aki’s short video series. The paper collected the title of the video, the view of the video and the proportion of positive comments and negative comments from the top 5 popular videos by using Python. The paper aims to identify (1) the characteristics of Grandpa Aki’s short video series; (2) the reasons for the success of Grandpa Aki’s short video series; (3) the implication of cross-cultural transmission of traditional Chinese culture from the success of Grandpa Aki’s short video series. The results show that 1) these videos are characterized by an immersive experience and spread traditional Chinese culture in detail. 2) The reasons for the success of these videos are the strong curiosity about traditional Chinese culture from overseas citizens, the value of traditional Chinese culture, the entertainment value of these videos and the resonance from people. The paper provides a thinking mode for scholars to solve the dilemma of overseas dissemination of traditional Chinese culture.

Teaching abductive reasoning for use as a problem-solving tool in organic chemistry and beyond

The second-year undergraduate Organic Chemistry course sequence is often cited as one of the most, if not the most, challenging for students in the US. Thus, a persistent question remains: What is it about Organic Chemistry that makes the course so difficult for students? Herein, we put forward the hypothesis that a new mode of thinking and problem solving is expected of the students; these skills have not yet been developed in their prior scientific coursework and are often not deliberately taught in Organic Chemistry. This form of reasoning and problem solving, known as abductive reasoning, is highlighted for its connection to medical diagnosis and scientific thinking. We provide examples to showcase how instructors could explicitly foreground the reasoning process in their classroom. Ultimately, we argue that teaching how to reason using abduction may benefit students in both the short term (in the course) and the long term (in their careers as scientists and medical practitioners).

Assessing inoculation's effectiveness in motivating resistance to conspiracy propaganda in Finnish and United States samples.

This study tested the motivational power of inoculation to foster resistance to conspiracy propaganda (9/11 Truth Movement), comparing inoculation effects across United States and Finnish study participants. We used a 2 inoculation (treatment vs. control) × 2 national culture (American vs. Finnish) independent groups design (N = 319), while examining the effects of motivational threat and thinking modes-analytic vs. intuitive-on the inoculation process. To test the effectiveness of the inoculation strategy, we used an excerpt from a conspiracy film Loose Change as a counterattitudinal attack message. Our results indicated that inoculation was effective at motivating resistance regardless of national culture. Inoculation effects emerged mostly as a direct effect on resistance and two indirect effects wherein motivational threat mediated the relationship between inoculation and resistance as well as inoculation and analytic mode of message processing. Although we found that an increase in analytic mode of processing facilitated resistance and intuitive processing increased conspiracy-theory endorsement, the indirect effects between inoculation and resistance via message processing modes were not significant. Finally, the data revealed national culture differences in analytic mode and cultural-context differences mostly pertaining to the relationships between thinking styles, media literacy, and modes of thinking. These results offer important theoretical implications for inoculation scholarship and suggest viable practical solutions for efforts to mitigate misinformation and conspiratorial beliefs.

The Formative, Critical and Emancipatory Potential of the Arts in General and Theatre in Particular

Objective: The aim of this study is to make a reflective and critical contribution to theatre as a learning space, considering paths towards education through art, education for art and education in art. Theoretical Framework: The text is based on the pedagogical, aesthetic, ethical and technical experiences of artists such as Bertolt Brecht, Peter Brook, Eugenio Barba, Augusto Boal, Antonin Artaud, Jerzy Grotowski, Pina Bausch and Ariane Mnouchkine, with the aim of establishing a network of currents of thought that intertwine with Socrates, Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Paulo Freire, among others, in the combination of art, pedagogy and social transformation. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a bibliographical review, which is decisive for the essayistic and dialogical form that the article seeks to establish with the reader. Results and Discussion: The results obtained indicate that the concept of teaching artist must take on theatre itself and understand that artistic and pedagogical action focused on modes of stage production, scenic thinking and language research already constitute education. Within the concept of the teaching artist, the very structuring of theatre, in its multiple possibilities of experiences, involves artistic-pedagogical decisions and choices. Based on their artistic training and interest in education through art, the teaching artist must link their work to the creative, mobilising and knowledge-building potential that theatre possesses, in direct relation to society from an inter-arts perspective. Research implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are based on a conceptual universe that substantiates and emphasises the social and pedagogical role of theatre, the artist and the teacher interested in scenic perspectives that reaffirm the formative, critical and emancipatory potential of the arts. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the specific literature in the area, as well as resulting in a proposition of the Teaching Artist as a mobiliser and builder of theatrical knowledge in direct dialogue with society and other arts.

Clinical Thinking Mode of Body Differentiation in the Treatment of Asymptomatic Spleen and stomach Diseases

Clinical Thinking Mode of Body Differentiation in the Treatment of Asymptomatic Spleen and stomach Diseases

Interior Design Based on Internet Thinking

With the continuous development of society and economy, Internet thinking is gradually integrated into interior design, bringing new possibilities for interior design. This paper takes the interior design of general hospital outpatient department based on Internet thinking as an example to explore the interior design based on Internet thinking. Through the questionnaire survey and interview method and other scientific research methods, the author collected relevant data and carried out statistics and analyses, and concluded that the field of interior design should be combined with the current way of thinking about the Internet to innovate, and integrate the interior space into the combination of modern science and technology and interior design, so as to enable the interior design industry to develop rapidly. Under the influence of Internet thinking, interior design pays more attention to the interactive relationship between users and space. This mode of thinking enables designers to better understand user needs and provide users with more personalised and comfortable space design.

Beijing Symbiotic Courtyard Model’s Post Evaluation from the Perspective of Stock Renewal

Stock renewal is one of the important methods of urban renewal, which focuses on optimizing and reusing existing urban spaces. With the increasing land pressure in present-day China and the need for land to be reclassified, the thinking mode of stock updating has become increasingly important. Beijing symbiotic courtyard is a representative urban renewal model that combines the characteristics of traditional quadrangle dwelling and modern architecture, aiming to achieve the symbiosis of history and modernity. After several years of implementation, the effectiveness of this model has become a matter of concern for all parties involved. Therefore, this paper takes stock renewal as the observation perspective, describing an evaluation for the Beijing symbiotic courtyard model, which contains different types of residents living in particular historical districts. It attempts to propose corresponding strategies, aiming to provide a more comprehensive thinking angle and planning method for the sustainability of stock renewal. In contrast to earlier studies, the proposed methods involve a specific mathematical statistical model called the IPA-KANO model, in addition to other traditional urban renewal methods. For a wide range of problems including historical district evaluation and renewal, the approach leads to potentially less errors than caused by manual operation. This comes from the fact that all the data are collected through survey questionnaires and big data, so the technical restriction of using mathematical model is to some extent ruled out in this new approach. Moreover, the approach offers new potential problems that cannot be handled using earlier techniques. After the calculation, although there are still defects, local residents are generally satisfied with the Beijing symbiotic courtyard model. The result suggests that it is of importance to reference this model for urban renewal so that can be widely promoted in historical district vitality regeneration.

Reditus into self-inflicted immaturity: Agamben’s perversions

ABSTRACT In my essay, I offer an interpretation of Giorgio Agamben’s political thought as a case of philosophical perversion. According to Lacan, perverse practice is based on a structural non-personal enjoyment, in which a pervert assumes the role of an executioner, meticulously executing his task. My analysis will focus on Agamben’s perverse use of the messianic discourse, the aim of which is to explode it from within: while applying all elements of the messianic idiom, Agamben assumes a mission the goal of which is to deactivate all mission and revoke all vocations. As he states in reference to Bartleby the Scrivener as the possible figure of the Messiah, to fulfill the Torah, i.e. the religious law, is to “destroy it from top to bottom.” I will thus claim that Agamben’s strategy of deactivation – a vocation to end all vocation – can be interpreted as a deliberate methodical use of perversion, that is, a position which simultaneously obeys and destroys the law. Although critical of Agamben’s method, I will not use the Lacanian frame of perversion in a value-charged manner. I want to present it as one of the late-modern philosophical modes of thinking, which became so widely seductive precisely of its powerful perverse component.

The Moscow–Tartu Semiotic School and Soviet Art History

Although the problems of art history did not form the core of the Moscow–Tartu semiotic school’s interests, its members often turned to the material of visual art within the framework of general and specific studies of sign systems. In turn, Soviet art history in general did not show interest in semiotics. Meanwhile, the selection of problems and the approach to them in art history (mainly of the Moscow school) indicated that the reflections of art historians and philologists starting from a certain time (in the late 1960s and into the 1970s) began to develop in parallel veins. The present article provides an overview of the main problems of visual art in the works of representatives of the Moscow–Tartu school (Lotman, Uspenskij, Ivanov, Toporov and others), as well as of the adepts of semiotics from the side of art history (Paperny, Daniel, Zlydneva). In addition, the article shows how despite not accepting the semiotic mode of thinking, in their texts art historians approached the semiotic problematics of art raised by philologists (in particular, interest in the problem of the border-zone and marginalia, correlation between a word and an image in visual art, and the poetics of the historical avant-garde, etc.). This antinomic (non-)meeting of semiotics and art history in the realm of Soviet humanities in the 1970s can serve as the manifestation of the power of the unified scientific episteme of the era.