Talk Mode Research Articles

Broadband and low-cross talk mode multiplexer based on subwavelength-assisted phase matching.

Integrated mode multiplexers are key components in photonic networks and are crucial to achieving higher data density. Asymmetric directional couplers represent one of the most common multiplexing architectures, owing to their low losses and scalability, but further bandwidth enhancements are sought after. In this Letter, we demonstrate a multiplexer/demultiplexer link based on asymmetric directional couplers assisted by subwavelength grating metamaterials. Through subwavelength-assisted phase matching, low losses and cross talk are achieved on a small form factor over a broad bandwidth. Experimental measurements show insertion losses under 0.8 dB and cross talk under -19.8 dB in a 170 nm bandwidth (1500 nm to 1670 nm) for a full multiplexer/demultiplexer link.

Dynamics of Telling Jokes in Plautus. The Case of the Self-Repair Routine

The study concerns one recurrent type of conversational joke in Plautus, which consists of three different steps: (1) some problematic formulation by the joke-teller, (2) a request for an explanation by the interlocutor, and (3) a punchline. Using methods of Conversation Analysis, I interpret the routine as a case of a self-repair sequence and examine responses it triggers in all the comedies by Plautus. According to the quantitative part of the study, in half of the cases, humour is not acknowledged by the in-play recipient of the joke who may understand it literally or ignore it whatsoever. In the rest of the examples the joker’s interlocutor mostly reacts negatively (with some form of verbal aggression or complaint) or continues the non-serious mode of talking by launching another joke. Ultimately, the jocular routine is associated with the figure of rebellious slave, who uses the powerful joker’s position to tease and abuse the rules of a collaborative conversation.

Inflation as Talk, Economy as Feel

Abstract Whether with central bankers or strolling passers-by, inflation is a recurring term, one that encapsulates contemporary life in Tunisia. How does a concept of economics become everyday talk? Through three stories, I show how what I call ‘inflation-talk’—a mode of small talk that operates as critique and affect—circulates across discursive spaces, ultimately becoming a medium to question economic transformations and reveal political disillusions in post-revolutionary Tunisia. I consider how inflation has become a ‘feel’ of the economy, meaning a measurement not solely for economists but for people to make sense of their everyday. Ultimately, I ask how in times of global inflation, anthropologists, especially ones working in North Africa and West Asia, can theorise a critical anthropology of inflation.

Asalib Hadits Al-Muallim fi Ta’lim Maharah Al-Kalam: Dirasah Tahliliah fi Khitab Al-Fashl

The importance of teacher talk in Arabic-speaking learning is not only as a medium to organize the class and train the students. However, also a source of language acquisition and a means for achieving learning objectives. This research aims to: 1) explore the type of teacher talk modes in Arabic Speaking learning, 2) explore the most dominant type of teacher talk modes that occurs in Arabic Speaking learning. The researcher used a qualitative approach, and the type of this research is a case study. The methods of data collection are observation and interview. The results of this study indicate that: 1) All four types of teacher talk modes in the SETT framework (Managerial mode, Material mode, Skills and Systems mode and Classroom Context mode) occur in Arabic Speaking learning, and 2) The Managerial Mode is the most dominant type of teacher talk mode that occurs in Arabic-speaking.

Architecture admissions interviews at the University of Cambridge: Analysis and experience

This article explores the gatekeeping practices in undergraduate Architecture admissions interviews at the University of Cambridge. Using the techniques of Interactional Sociolinguistics, we show how the interview involves two consequential modes of talk – the experiential and subjective on the one hand, and the analytic, rational and objective on the other hand – that derive from the opposed academic traditions that comprise the discipline of Architectural studies. We demonstrate that the interview requires these two modes of talk to be synthesized in specific ways, despite wide variation in how this requirement is signalled within and across the constituent phases of the interview. As such, we show that the means for demonstrating academic competence are linguistic and discursive. Finally, we discuss how the interactional requirements of Admissions interviews compare to those of job interviews.

Importance of Writing Content Analysis of Farm Broadcast Programmes of Andhra Pradesh, India

The study was taken up to investigate the trend and frequency of coverage of agricultural information in popular farm broadcasts namely Pasidi Pantalu and Annadata in a quantitative manner. One-year content of two popular farm programmes of Telegu language namely Pasidi Pantalu and Annadata telecasted over Dooradarshan – Sapthagiri (public sector) and Enadu television (private sector) channel were recorded by using “set top box”. The entire content was categorized in to six categories after preliminary watching. The six categories namely enterprise - wise, crop - wise, organization - wise, package of practice - wise, duration - wise, mode of presentation - wise. The entire content was thoroughly watched, frequency of occurrence of the programmes were counted and percentages worked out. The results indicated that, in the ‘Pasidi pantalu’ programme, more emphasis and more time was allotted to agriculture enterprise (33.49%), whereas in ‘Annadata’ programme, horticulture enterprise occupied first place with 41.55 per cent. Both channels given more emphasis to straight talk mode of presentation with 71.41% and 98.09 % programmes respectively. The study also indicated that, research scientists are the main resources person in both the programmes. Both the channels given least importance to crucial enterprises like Fisheries (7.06% & 3.88%), Sericulture (3.08% & 1.45%) and Poultry (1.14% & 1.58 %). As the growing domestic and international market value of enterprises like; fisheries, poultry and sericulture, the coverage on these enterprises’ needs be to improve in both the programmes. As a public sector channel, the coverage on general information needs to be reduced and replaced with crop and other enterprises related information in Dooradarshan - Sapthagiri. It was also recorded that, there is no coverage on most important crops like Jowar and Ground nut. Instead of research scientists, give preference to the extension scientists from KVKs and DAATTCs, as they have practical and diversified knowledge on crops.

A Body-Blockage Analysis and Comparison Between Humans and a Full-Body Phantom: Using measurements at 28 GHz

Human blockage is an important phenomenon that should be considered in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication systems. Realizing that blockage behavior could be very valuable in mm-wave link simulations, several blockage models have been proposed in previous works based on knife-edge diffraction (KED), high-frequency simulations, and measurements. This article investigates blockage using a full-body phantom and proves that a body phantom is accurate enough to replace a human subject in blockage studies for both data and talk modes. A campaign of measurements for these two modes with 17 human subjects of different heights and genders is conducted. The effect of different types of clothing on body blockage is studied for a body phantom and a human subject. The impact of the relative antenna-user position on the body-blockage intensity is investigated as accurate measurements are difficult to achieve with human subjects.

Non-Maximal Definites in Romance

Mainly based on data from Old Spanish and Modern Francoprovençal, this paper discusses a hitherto underresearched use of the Romance definite article that cannot straightforwardly be explained by recurring to any of the standard analyses of semantic definiteness, i.e., maximality and/or familiarity. We show that such weakly referential definites are definites with representative object interpretations licensed by the kind-oriented mode of talk and not short weak definites. They denote inherently non-specific, semantically number neutral regular objects whose only co(n)textual relevance is their being typical instantiations of their corresponding kind. Representative object definites are shown to be favored by ‘habitual’ readings of the predicate (and text genres like recipes, treatises, narratives about what people used to do in former times, etc.). In Francoprovençal, this is the case especially in the scope of non-perfective verb tenses in prepositional or presentational complements and sometimes in direct objects. In Old Spanish, non-maximal definites often occur in the scope of non-assertive mood (imperative/subjunctive, due to the genre of recipes), while, at the same time, introducing important discourse referents. In addition, in the latter language such definites are demonstrated to be positively susceptible to priming by preceding non-maximal definites.

Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by Modern Cellphones on Sperm Motility and Viability: An In Vitro Study

BackgroundCellphones emit radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) for transmission of data for social media communication, web browsing, and music/podcast streaming. Use of Bluetooth ear buds has probably prolonged the time during which cellphones reside in the trouser pockets of men. It has been postulated that RF-EMR increases oxidative stress and induces free radical formation. ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of wireless-spectrum (4G, 5G, and WiFi) RF-EMR emitted by modern smartphones on sperm motility and viability and explore whether these effects can be mitigated using a physical barrier or distance. Design, setting, and participantsSemen samples were obtained from fertile normozoospermic men aged 25–35 yr. A current-generation smartphone in talk mode was used as the RF-EMR source. A WhatsApp voice call was made using either 4G, 5G, or WiFi wireless connectivity. We determined if exposure effects were mitigated by either a cellphone case or greater distance from the semen sample. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisThe semen samples were analyzed according to 2010 World Health Organization laboratory guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.28. Results and limitationsWe observed decreases in sperm motility and viability with WiFi exposure but not with exposure to 4G or 5G RF-EMR. With large variability among smartphones, continued research on exposure effects is needed. ConclusionsOur exploratory study revealed that sperm motility and viability are negatively impacted by smartphones that use the WiFi spectrum for data transmission. Patient summaryWe looked at the effect of cellphone use on sperm motility and viability. We found that cellphones using WiFi connectivity for data usage have harmful effects on semen quality in men.

Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation of Mobile Phones on Sperms Shape and Number in Male Albino Mice

The majority of adult populations throughout the world currently use and are exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phones, and male infertility accounts for around half of all cases worldwide. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impacts of radiation from mobile phones on morphology and the number of sperm in male albino mice in both talking and non-talking modes. In this investigation, twenty-four mice were used and separated into three groups each of eight mice. The first group was the control group; exposed to a switched-off mobile phone for two hours per day. While, the second group was exposed to a mobile phone with non-talking mode for 2 hours per day, and the third group to a mobile phone in talking mode for 20 minutes per day. All mice were tested for sperm shape abnormalities and sperm count tests after six weeks of treatment. Results of the current work showed that exposed group G3 (mobile phone in talking mode) have significant changes in sperms shape and decline in sperm count in comparison with control group (G1). While the limited handling of mobile phone without talking (for about two hours per a day, G2 group) has no bad effects on sperms morphology and concentration in compare with the control group (G1).

How Word Gets Around: A Study of Chismografía in Fortunata y Jacinta and Los Pazos de Ulloa

This essay explores the use of chismografía or gossip by Galdós and Emilia Pardo Bazán in two of their most-well known works: Fortunata y Jacinta (1886-87) and Los Pazos de Ulloa (1886). Gossip conversations between characters are a major theme and gossip propels plot in both novels. Applying Pierre Bourdieu's theories on bourgeois practices of distinction and the different capitals at play in social exchanges (economic, cultural, social, and symbolic) reveals an economy of gossip in Fortunata y Jacinta. Illicit and informal modes of talk, eavesdropping, and gossip mediate the relationship between Jacinta and Fortunata from beginning to end, connecting them. In contrast, in Los Pazos Emilia Pardo Bazán focuses on the (gender) politics of gossip, turning on its head the stereotypical belittling of women and women's discourse as gossips and gossip, to focus on male gossip and to expose male anxiety around gossip and status. Additionally, gossip acts as a productive metaphor for the relationship between narrator and readers. The narrators of both novels use an intimate, gossipy narrative voice and gossip-like narrative strategies, albeit in different ways and with different emphasis.

Thinking and Writing with Leaves: Poplar Sympoetics in Romanticism

ABSTRACT This article explores how Romantic literatures imagine the lives of and reconfigure encounters with poplar trees. It pays particular attention to German-language writing, its arboreal contexts, and the aesthetic modes of talking and listening to poplars. The Romantics, I argue, were interested in poplars not (only) because they were aesthetically pleasing objects, but because poplars evidently made themselves known as self-expressive subjects of a life – a life that the poplars themselves, in turn, imposed upon Romantic poetics. The article reads Romantic poplars as deeply entrenched in the material semiotics of human-tree histories, co-habitation, and the various forms of mourning and remembering with poplars in the Romantic period. Approaching Romantic writing with poplars as a form of sympoetics that is closely connected to poplars outside of the texts, the article analyzes selected poplar writings transcending realms of the symbolic and translating the nonverbal soundscapes of poplar articulations into written texts.

Gallery Educator Talk and Student Engagement

ABSTRACT Engaging young people with art requires pedagogical sensitivity and skill. This paper is drawn from a larger project examining artful inquiry in the gallery. It explores a particular aspect of gallery educator practice, namely talk, which is identified as conversation, discussion and dialogue. Knowing which mode of talk to use and when, in order to best address the needs of students at any given time, is guided by educators’ attunement to student engagement. Focusing on one interaction between an educator, students and an artwork, this paper explores how educators use different modes of talk to animate, focus and deepen the engagement young people have with artworks.

MIMO Antenna System With Pattern Diversity for Sub-6 GHz Mobile Phone Applications

A MIMO antenna system is designed and presented for sub-6 GHz mobile phone applications. The proposed antenna design consists of six loop-type radiation elements. From the six elements, four elements are placed at the corners of the mobile phone PCB by following pattern diversity configuration, while the rest of the two elements are placed in the center of the PCB. Furthermore, a $50\Omega $ coaxial connector is utilized to feed the antenna elements. From the presented results, it is demonstrated that the elements placed at the edges are resonating at 2.5 GHz, and the center placed elements provide resonance at 3.5 GHz. Moreover, according to S11 ≤ −6 dB, the impedance bandwidth for both the bands is 790 MHz (2.3-3.09 GHz) and 1.18 GHz (2.99-4.17 GHz), respectively; while for S11 ≤ −10 dB, the impedance bandwidth for both the bands is noted to be 340 MHz (2.38-2.72 GHz) and 650 MHz (3.17–3.84 GHz), respectively. A gain of more than 4 dBi and >85% radiation efficiency are achieved for the single radiation element. The presented antenna design also provides sufficient radiation coverage supporting different sides of the mobile phone PCB. In addition, the effects of the human hand and head on antenna’s performance are studied and it was observed that the proposed antenna system provides acceptable properties in the data mode and talk mode.

Shift in the Education System Stimulated by COVID-19

A knowledge based economy is equipped with the weapon of a solution to all its problems even in the time of distress. Hence, with the augmentation of the economies there are announcements of progressive issues which in turn demand for a further augmentation in the sphere of education. India has witnessed a perpetual development in the realm of education, starting from the Vedic era of Gurukul system to the chalk and talk mode of the brick and mortar setup to the ICT enabled digitalized mechanism. The recent pandemic, namely, COVID-19 has unlocked anew demand for a digitally supplemented knowledge space. The contemporary trend tends to replace text books by e-books and resource repositories and the hefty assignments dislodged by the e-assignments which seem to be profoundly advocated by the student fraternity. Invigorated by the online mode of teaching the students band seem to favour this mechanism. The navigation through this digitalized mode of learning necessitates the need for the physical intervention of technologically sound teachers. In this framework the paper envisages to examine the factors which affect the shift from offline to online mode, coupled with analyzing the student body’s reactions while accommodating the teaching learning process during this health crisis.

Electromagnetic Waves from Mobile Phones may Affect Rat Brain During Development.

To investigate the effects of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) from mobile phones (MPs) on rat brains of rats by morphological and biochemical analysis. EMW was applied for two hours/day until birth in stand-by fetal and EMW fetal groups and postnatal 60 < sup > th < /sup > day in stand-by and EMW groups. The control group was not exposed to MP. On postnatal 60 < sup > th < /sup > day, brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured, and western blot analysis was performed to determine glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) content. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and GFAP immunohistochemistry were applied. Trigeminal nerves were examined using the transmission electron microscope. In comparison to controls, rats exposed to MP in stand-by or talk modes had significantly increased neuronal damage in the cortex and hippocampus. Increased MDA levels in the EMW group and decreased GSH levels in the stand-by, EMW fetal and EMW groups were found compared with controls. Increased GFAP content in the EMW group and increased GFAP staining in the EMW fetal and EMW groups compared to controls were observed. EMW group had a significantly decreased number of myelinated axons than control animals. The results of this study suggests that 1800 MHz EMWs (SAR=1.79 W/kg) exposure in the prenatal and early postnatal life may lead to trigeminal nerve damage in addition to oxidative stress-induced neuronal degeneration and astroglial activation in the rat brain. Effects seem to be mode related, being more detrimental in groups exposed to MP during talk mode.

A multilevel SEM study of classroom talk on cooperative learning and academic achievement: Does cooperative scaffolding matter?

Although exploratory talk between teachers and students and amongst students can promote positive learning experiences and cognitive development, it is the former that has dominated much of contemporary classroom discourse. Research over the past four decades has not provided a convincing response to whether some modes of talk may be more beneficial, and in what order. Using a quantitative approach, students were surveyed on five facets of classroom talk and teacher scaffolding of cooperative learning. Academic performance and background (individual and classroom compositional) characteristics were also examined. Findings are broadly consistent with literature in regard to the dominance of presentational teacher questions. However, conventional recitation instruction appears to be educationally valuable when used skillfully with exploratory talk and cooperative teacher scaffolds.

MEMS Tunable Frame Antennas Enabling Carrier Aggregation at 600 Mhz

The goal of this paper is to propose a tunable antenna system, that aims to cover the LTE low band (699-960 MHz), medium band (1710-2100 MHz) and high band (2100-2690 MHz), as well as the 600 MHz bands by tuning. The architecture consists of four multiband antennas, made up of different radiators, placed in the frame of the mobile handset at the optimized distance of 0.5 mm from each other. Simulations including MEMS tunable capacitors prove that, it is possible to reconfigure the dual resonance in low band, without deteriorating the antennas performance. The tuning ability of the fabricated structure is tested with the PNA and measurements of the total efficiency are performed in the MVG SG24. The results of the measurements are in accordance with the simulations and confirm that the operating frequency of the proposed frame antenna array in low band can be tuned down to the starting point of band 71, with a -6 dB impedance bandwidth of 32 MHz, without altering the antennas behaviour in medium and high band. The resulting peak value of the total efficiency of -5.3 dB at 615 MHz is acceptable, considering the mobile phones in the market. Moreover, the analysis of the user effects, carried out via simulations both in data and in talk mode, reveals a reduced total efficiency of 4 and 8 dB on average, due to the user hand and the user hand-head respectively, compared with the performance in free space.

Comparing chromosome damage induced by mobile telephony radiation and a high caffeine dose: Effect of combination and exposure duration

I recently reported induction of chromatid-type aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after a single 15 min exposure to universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) mobile telephony (MT) electromagnetic field (EMF) from a mobile phone. Lymphocytes from six healthy subjects were stimulated for mitosis, and exposed during the G2/M phase at 1 cm distance from the handset during an active phone call in "talk" mode. The same type of cells from the same subjects treated with a high caffeine dose (~ 290 times above the permissible single dose for an adult human) exhibited the same type of aberrations in a little smaller but comparable degree. The combination of this caffeine dose and the 15 min MT EMF exposure increased dramatically the number of aberrations in all subjects. The combined effect increased almost linearly with increasing duration of exposure to the MT EMF. Thus, MT EMF exposure ~ 136 times below the official limit (ICNIRP 2020) exerts a genotoxic action even greater than that of a caffeine dose ~ 290 times above the corresponding limit. Therefore, with a reasonable approximation, the limit for MT EMFs should be lowered by at least ~ 4 × 104 times (136 × 290) for short-term exposures, and ~ 4 × 106 times for long-term exposures.

Histological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Alterations in Immature Mice Testes Due to Chronic Exposure to Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation

Background: increasing male infertility of obscured etiology may be attributed to environmental stressors. Extensive use of mobile phones has exposed the general population to unprecedented levels of radiofrequency radiations (RFRs) that may be implicated in the affected male reproductive health. Therefore, this study evaluated the possible toxicological effects of perinatal exposure of mice pups to 800 -1800 MHz like radiofrequency radiation (RFR) on the histological, immunohistochemical and molecular aspects of testicular tissue of mice. Materials and Methods: ten pregnant females of Albino mice were selected and used in this research after the recognition of the first gestational day by the appearance of vaginal plug. They were categorized equally into 2 groups; G1: sham-exposed pregnant females, their pups served as the control group. G2: pregnant females exposed to mobile phone radiation for all the gestational period (prenatal exposure) and their pups were subjected to postnatal exposure for 45 consecutive days. Animals were continually exposed to RFR emitted by talk mode for 0.5 hour / day from a mobile test phone. Results: mobile phone radiation affected the testicular structure and function via the degeneration of germ cells and Leydig cells. Moreover, it caused apoptosis of testicular cells as indicated by up regulation of caspase-3 and induced down regulation of PCNA at the immunohistochemical level confirmed by DNA damage at the molecular level. This onset may lead to infertility like condition due to RFR- exposure. Conclusion: RFR at the studied frequency caused significant histological, immunohistochemical and molecular changes in the examined tissues. The results of this study and other similar studies, when extrapolated to man, they must alert the scientific community to the possibility that RFR may have long-term deleterious effects on the reproductive health.