Modal Context Research Articles

Некоторые аспекты внутрикатегориальных связей аксиологической и ситуативной модальности (на материале соматических фразеологизмов русского языка)

This article addresses the features of representing various meanings of situational and axiological modality in the Russian phraseological space and examines certain aspects of intracategorical connections between types of subjective modality. The research material comprises 154 stable combinations with “bodily” lexicon, obtained through continuous sampling from authoritative lexicographic sources, namely: the Great Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language edited by V. N. Telia, the Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Literary Language by A. I. Fedorov, and the Historical-Etymological Dictionary of Russian Phraseology by A. K. Birikh, V. M. Mokienko, and L. I. Stepanova. Additionally, contextual variants of the usage of the stated phraseologisms in artistic and journalistic texts included in the Russian National Corpus were analyzed. The study demonstrates the ability of figurative expressions with somatic components to form a modal context and express both specific situational meanings of subjective modality (possibility / impossibility, desirability, necessity, etc.) and various aspects of axiological modality, which are directly related to the value picture of the world of the Russian people. Special attention is paid to the analysis of those shades of modal meanings that overlap and are in motivated interrelated relationships in stable combinations.

Специфика модального потенциала фразеологизмов с соматическим компонентом сердце

Based on the functional-semantic analysis of the use of idioms with the component сердце (heart), their ability to form a modal context and to explicate various modal and evaluative meanings is revealed. The study also demonstrated that shades of modal meanings in figurative expressions can overlap and be in motivated interrelated relationships with each other.

Modalities and Parametric Adjoints

Birkedal et al. recently introduced dependent right adjoints as an important class of (non-fibered) modalities in type theory. We observe that several aspects of their calculus are left underdeveloped and that it cannot serve as an internal language. We resolve these problems by assuming that the modal context operator is a parametric right adjoint. We show that this hitherto unrecognized structure is common. Based on these discoveries we present a new well-behaved Fitch-style multimodal type theory, which can be used as an internal language. Finally, we apply this syntax to guarded recursion and parametricity.

Modal context restriction for multiagent BDI logics

We present and discuss a novel language restriction for modal logics for multiagent systems, called modal context restriction, that reduces the complexity of the satisfiability problem from EXPTIME complete to NPTIME complete. We focus on BDI multimodal logics that contain fix-point modalities like common beliefs and mutual intentions together with realism and introspection axioms. We show how this combination of modalities and axioms affects complexity of the satisfiability problem and how it can be reduced by restricting the modal context of formulas.

Dig That Lick (DTL): Analyzing Large-Scale Data for Melodic Patterns in Jazz Performances

Dig That Lick (DTL): Analyzing Large-Scale Data for Melodic Patterns in Jazz Performances

The Frege-Geach Problem and Blackburn’s Expressivism

Blackburn has outlined a formal account for moral expressivism, and we argued that the moral Frege-Geach problem can be solved formally by appending two rules for the boo-operator which are missing from his account. We then extended Blackburn’s formal account to generate a similar solution to the problem in modal context and showed that the validity of the modal argument can be preserved too in modal expressivism. However, the higher-order element endorsed by Blackburn does not seem necessary for solving the Frege-Geach problem. Nor is his extension from moral expressivism to modal expressivism tenable, since the latter violates its own ontological constraint. A general moral is drawn on the basis on three observations made in evaluating Blackburn’s expressivism.

Musical iconography of Annunciation: personal experience

Musical iconography of Annunciation: personal experience

Continuants, identity and essentialism

The question of whether it is permissible to quantify into a modal context is re-examined from an empiricist perspective. Following Wiggins, it is argued that an ontology of continuants implies essentialism, but it is also argued, against Wiggins, that the only conception of necessity that we need to start out with is that of analyticity. Essentialism, of a limited kind, can then be actually generated from this. An exceptionally fine-grained identity criterion for continuants is defended in this context. The debate between Wiggins and Ayer over the legitimacy of de re modality is then examined in the light of these results, and it is argued that my position is consistent with Ayer’s minimalist assumptions. It is also argued that non-continuants will not sustain the essential/accidental distinction, thus giving some concessions to the sceptics. It is also shown that there are close connections between these issues and the more modern two-dimensionalist way of disentangling the necessary from the a posteriori, and that the latter needs to learn from the former.

Different Arguments, Same Problems

I illustrate with three classical examples the mistakes arising from using a modal operator admitting multiple interpretations in the same argument; the flaws arise especially easily if no attention is paid to the range of propositional variables. Premisses taken separately might seem convincing and a substitution for a propositional variable in a modal context might seem legitimate. But there is no single interpretation of the modal operators involved under which all the premisses are plausible and the substitution successful.

Why AI shall emerge in the one of possible worlds?

The aim of this paper is to present some philosophical considerations about the supposed AI emergence in the future. However, the predicted timeline of this process is uncertain. To avoid any kind of speculations on the proposed analysis from a scientific point of view, a metaphysical approach is undertaken as a modal context of the discussion. I argue that modal claim about possible AI emergence at a certain point of time in the future is justified from a temporal perspective. Therefore, worldwide society must be prepared for possible AI emergence and the expected profound impact of such an event on the existential status of humanity.

EL PASACALLE EN LA "INSTRUCCIÓN DE MÚSICA SOBRE LA GUITARRA ESPAÑOLA" DE GASPAR SANZ (1640-ca. 1710)

EL PASACALLE EN LA "INSTRUCCIÓN DE MÚSICA SOBRE LA GUITARRA ESPAÑOLA" DE GASPAR SANZ (1640-ca. 1710)

On Grammatical Quotatives - A Study on the Variance in Which Communicative Modal Context Dictates Grammatical Expressives in the Korean Language

This paper reveals a new understanding of the function that Korean quotative expressions perform in a spoken communicative context in contrast to what will described as the functions employed in a purely grammatical or written form. It will be seen if the Korean language allows for quotative expressions to be utilized dependent upon contextual situations.The need for a contextual grammar is raised through an examination of the semi-spoken language corpus. Upon this foundation, the author presents a framework for analysis of a corpus-based approach. This corpus here utilized is a sample, a dataset compromising approximately one million lines of script, of grammatical quotative expressions compiled from a number of Korean television miniseries (Korean ‘drama’) programs. It is hoped that the analysis of the data allows for in depth analysis and conclusive definition of the influence the contextual elements of purpose, register, and speaker-listener relationships have on the merits or shortcomings of ‘grammar in context’.

Complexity of logics for multi-agent systems with restricted modal context

In this paper we continue our research in computational complexity of fragments of a particular belief-desire-intention (BDI) logic for cooperative problem solving (CPS) called TeamLog. The logic in question combines propositional multi-modal logic to express static aspects of CPS with propositional dynamic logic used for dynamic aspects of CPS. We concentrate here on the static fragment of the logic. The complexity of the satisfiability problem for the static fragment of TeamLog is known to be EXPTIME-complete, even if modal depth is bounded by a constant ≥ 2. We show a restriction on modal context of formulas that makes the problem PSPACE-complete without setting boundary on modal depth. Bounding modal depth, additionally, leads to NPTIME-completeness.

Inconsistency-adaptive modal logics. On how to cope with modal inconsistency

In this paper, I will characterize a new class of inconsistency-adaptive logics, namely inconsistency-adaptive modal logics. These logics cope with inconsistencies in a modal context. More specifically, when faced with inconsistencies, inconsistency-adaptive modal logics avoid explosion, but still allow the derivation of sufficient consequences to adequately explicate the part of human reasoning they are intended for.

Completeness and incompleteness for anodic modal logics

We propose a new approach to positive modal logics, hereby called anodic modal logics. Our treatment is completely positive since the language has neither negation nor any falsum or minimal particle. The elimination of the minimal particle of the language requires introducing the new concept of factual sets and factual deductions which permit us to talk about deductions in the actual world. We start from a positive fragment of the standard system K, denoted by K⊃, ∧, ◊, which is a bimodal system with □ and ◊ as primitive. This system is then extended to a class of fragments of the Lemmon and Scott systems (cf. (Lemmon et al., 1977)), denoted by K⊃, ∧, ◊ + Gk;l;m;n + Gm;n;k;l. It is shown that such classes of systems are characterized with respect to the usual Kripke-style semantics. The proof is by way of a Henkin-style construction, with “possible worlds” being taken to be prime theories as introduced in the modal context by J. M. Dunn in (Dunn, 1995). We also obtain a surprising limiting result showing that the incompleteness phenomenon in modal logic is independent of negation.

Generalization of some properties of relations in the context of functional temporal×modal logic

In this paper, we generalize the definitions of transitivity, reflexivity, symmetry, Euclidean and serial properties of relations in the context of a functional approach for temporal×modal logic. The main result is the proof of definability of these definitions which is obtained by using algebraic characterizations. As a consequence, we will have in our temporal×modal context the generalizations of modal logics T, S4, S5, KD45, etc. These new logics will allow us to establish connections among time flows in very different ways, which enables us to carry out different relations among asynchronous systems. Our further research is focused on the construction of logics with these properties and the design of theorem provers for these logics.

An electrophysiological study of mood, modal context, and anaphora

We investigated whether modal information elicited empirical effects with regard to discourse processing. That is, like tense information, one of the linguistic factors shown to be relevant in organizing a discourse representation is modality, where the mood of an utterance indicates whether or not it is asserted. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used in order to address the question of the qualitative nature of discourse processing, as well as the time course of this process. This experiment investigated pronoun resolution in two-sentence discourses, where context sentences either contained a hypothetical or actual Noun Phrase antecedent. The other factor in this 2 × 2 experiment was type of continuation sentence, which included or excluded a modal auxiliary (e.g., must, should) and contained a pronoun. Intuitions suggest that hypothetical antecedents followed by pronouns asserted to exist present ungrammaticality, unlike actual antecedents followed by such pronouns. Results confirmed the grammatical intuition that the former discourse displays anomaly, unlike the latter (control) discourse. That is, at the Verb position in continuation sentences, we found frontal positivity, consistent with the family of P600 components, and not an N400 effect, which suggests that the anomalous target sentences caused a revision in discourse structure. Furthermore, sentences exhibiting modal information resulted in negative-going waveforms at other points in the continuation sentence, indicating that modality affects the overall structural complexity of discourse representation.

Use of Mixed Revealed-Preference and Stated-Preference Models with Nonlinear Effects in Forecasting

Estimation of mixed revealed-preference (RP) and stated-preference (SP) data has become almost common practice. However, most attention has gone to estimation, with the correct use of these much-improved models in forecasting left in need of better understanding. In particular, their potentiality in accounting for nonlinear effect has not been fully explored, either in estimation or in prediction. The problem of using an RP-SP mixed model for accounting for nonlinear effects in the attributes in forecasting, especially when the nonlinearities have been specifically estimated only for the SP data, is addressed. By using a mixed RP-SP data set gathered especially for a modal choice context in Cagliari, Italy, several nested logit models with nonlinear systematic utility functions were estimated and used to provide empirical evidence on the effect of incorrect use of RP-SP specifications in forecasting under different policies. It was concluded that the partial data enrichment approach is well suited to trea...

Modal Pitch Space — A Theoretical and Analytical Study

This paper presents an approach to the pitch space of the seven diatonic modes. The proposed theory is an expansion of Fred Lerdahl's tonal pitch space model; its purpose is a more accurate description of the situations involved in the analysis of diatonic modal music. The original methodology and set of algebraic calculating formulae is retained, but it is applied on modal instead of tonal space, on the basis that the latter is a subset of the former. In connection to Fred Lerdahl's theory, melodic motion, chord attraction and various cadence types are described within the modal context. Apart from the calculation of the pitch and the chordal and regional space algebraic representations, geometrical representations of all three levels of the modal pitch space are also included. Finally, the stability conditions arising from the new model are used as criteria to build the time span reduction and prolongational reduction parts of the Generative Theory of Tonal Music (GTTM) analysis of modal music. Two short GTTM analyses of 20th century modal music are being presented to illustrate the new model's analytical use.

Propositional Q-Logic

Topic of the paper is Q-logic – a logic of agency in its temporal and modal context. Q-logic may be considered as a basal logic of agency since the most important stit-operators discussed in the literature can be defined or axiomatized easily within its semantical and syntactical framework. Its basic agent dependent operator, the Q-operator (also known as Δ- or cstit-operator), which has been discussed independently by F. v. Kutschera and B. F. Chellas, is investigated here in respect of its relation to other temporal and modal operators. The main result of the paper, then, is a completeness result for a calculus of Q-logic with respect to a semantics defined on the tree-approach to agency as introduced and developed by, among others, F. v. Kutschera and N. D. Belnap.