Mobility Of Workers Research Articles

The Moral Economy of the Ugandan Crowd in 1945

Abstract In 1945, actions which have been understood as strikes against wartime inflation occurred across colonized Africa: this essay identifies a deeper motivation in the events which happened in the Uganda Protectorate in early 1945. An understanding that people had a moral responsibility to act, and leaders had a moral responsibility to see them, to listen, and to respond led from a mobilization of workers on town streets, to efforts to see wrongful deaths acknowledged, to gatherings in the courtyard of the Buganda king in which he was almost overthrown. In each of the three stages of the protest, Ugandans of different ethnicities asserted an ethic of mutual obligation which acknowledged no boundary between the political and the economic, spoke to authority with an expectation that they would be heard, and drew on enduring knowledge of politics as well as a range of new ideas to solve the problems they confronted.

Information frictions and learning dynamics: evidence from tax bunching in Ecuador

AbstractWe examine how taxpayers learn to minimize personal income tax payments in the context of a rapidly formalizing economy with an expanding tax base. Initially, take‐up of possible generous tax deductions is low among taxpayers in Ecuador who start working in the formal sector. With increasing duration of employment, however, taxpayers become more likely to bunch at the tax exemption threshold using deductions. We exploit rich administrative data on the universe of taxpayers in Ecuador and an event study design to provide causal evidence on the learning mechanisms. We find that the spread of information is driven by the mobility of workers and tax preparers across firms.

Awareness of Officials and People About the Content of the People's Mobilization Work of the Government in Dong Nai Province

This article aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the awareness of both officials and the public regarding the government's people's mobilization work (PMW) in Dong Nai province today. People's mobilization efforts have garnered significant attention from multiple sectors, yet it is crucial to examine the perspectives of both government officials and ordinary citizens. The research focuses on identifying the levels of awareness, understanding, and engagement of these groups in relation to the government's PMW policies and strategies. By doing so, the study will delve into how effectively these efforts have been communicated, understood, and applied by both officials who implement policies and the public who are the target of these efforts. In addition, the article explores the challenges and successes of PMW in the province, aiming to pinpoint areas where improvements are needed to enhance collaboration between the government and the people. By offering a multidimensional perspective, the study contributes to the academic discourse on PMW while addressing practical issues surrounding the implementation of these strategies. The findings are expected to not only shed light on the current state of public awareness but also to provide policymakers with insights to refine their approach, thereby strengthening the relationship between government efforts and public participation in Dong Nai province.

No Line Left Behind: Assortative Matching Inside the Firm

Abstract We leverage the high degree of worker mobility across production lines in a large Indian manufacturer to estimate the sorting of workers to managers, using data on daily worker productivity. We find negative assortative matching (NAM): better workers tend to be matched with worse managers. Estimates of the production technology, however, reveal that productivity would increase by up to 4% under positive sorting. Exploiting a survey of managers and data on orders from multinational brands, we document that NAM arises, at least partly, because maintaining valuable relationships with buyers provides strong incentives to avoid delays on any given production line.

Mobilized Resilience and Development under Sanctions in Iran

ABSTRACTHow do states maintain economic development in the face of sanctions? Recent studies have examined economic resilience as a property of a system preceding a shock, leaving unanswered questions about how sanctioned states discipline employers and limit predatory behaviour. Using the case of Iran, this article aims to fill this gap by presenting a model of mobilized resilience, describing how bottom‐up and top‐down mobilizations can create demand for institutional capacity. Integrating unique qualitative and quantitative material, the author argues that Iran's political elites responded to sanctions by launching top‐down campaigns that appealed to workers, promoted capital–labour unity, and demanded state commitment to development. These campaigns facilitated widespread labour protests that further empowered the state to block capital flight and steer firms onto more profitable, growth‐oriented routes. Labour ‘resistance’ thus unexpectedly helped to realize the Supreme Leader's calls for a ‘resistance economy’. These findings suggest that political support for worker mobilization in the context of sanctions can result in economic benefits, with significant consequences for our understanding of economic statecraft, development and labour movements.

Politicised at Home but not in Council: The European Coordination of Social Security Systems

After seven years of negotiations, the European Parliament and the Council have yet to agree on the reform of one of the most essential regulations facilitating cross-border worker mobility in the EU: the Coordination of Social Security Systems (EC 883/2004). The lack of agreement remains puzzling, as all negotiating partners are generally in favour of the reform. Similar proposals on social policy, such as the Posting of Workers Directive or the Minimum-wage Directive, were also challenging to achieve but could be agreed upon. This article tests whether “unpolitics”—a destructive approach by populist governments in the Council to undermine EU policymaking—is the reason for the persisting deadlock on the file. The central finding of this article is that the interplay of populism and the status of member states as sending or receiving workers shape unpolitical behaviour. Contrary to expectations, unpolitics is largely absent in the behaviour of populist and non-populist governments. Unpolitical behaviour does not promise high gains for the populist governments from Central and Eastern Europe because these member states send workers. The smooth functioning of the freedom of workers is essential for them and their national discourses do not discuss the freedom of movement in the context of welfare chauvinism. Welfare chauvinism is much stronger in countries that receive workers, however, populists were not in power in these member states and therefore there was no unpolitical behaviour. The findings show that unpolitical behaviour is not used by mainstream governments, not even when it would seem likely from the nature of the policy issue. This article highlights that the probability of unpolitical behavior is influenced not only by the nature of the policy issue itself but also by domestic institutional and structural factors, as well as the national discourse.

Effect of Occupational Mobility of Industrial Workers in Northeast China: Based on a Survey in Heilongjiang Province

Effect of Occupational Mobility of Industrial Workers in Northeast China: Based on a Survey in Heilongjiang Province

Cuba and Chile: Revolutionary Dialogues for Latin America

This article analyses the structural challenges of the Latin American revolution in the early 1970s, which echoed from Fidel Castro’s extensive road trip around Chile during the Salvador Allende administration in November 1971. Castro’s presence promoted massive mobilizations of Chilean workers and peasants who came in droves to listen to his speeches. By then, an interesting dialogue between the Cuban and Chilean revolutionary paths had developed on a mass-collective basis, considering the dialogical skills of both leaders, Castro and Allende, who participated together in many mass demonstrations during the 24 days that the Cuban leader spent in Chile. While Cuba experienced an insurrection and guerrilla war, Chile was promoting a “peaceful road to socialism” through electoral victories. This article investigates the relations between the two revolutionary processes through the dialogues during this visit. This article is based on press materials from those days, Castro’s and Allende’s speeches and other primary sources. It concludes that the Cuban and Chilean Revolutions were more complementary than antagonistic, contrary to the historiography that emphasizes rivalry between them.

They returned to the Chinese mainland, and what? A collaborative autoethnographic study on the career transitions of Chinese international doctorates from the West to the east

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyse the approaches of three Chinese international doctoral degree holders who received their doctoral education in the West in tackling the challenges of relocation and career transition to the East after completing their doctoral degrees. Through a collaborative autoethnographic research from June 2020 to December 2022, from the theoretical perspectives of institutional theory, the study reveals four tactics of institutional arbitrage, driven by resources, purpose, practice, and legitimacy, allowed the Chinese international doctoral degree holders to extend their international academic networks to the local context, adapt research purposes to fit national needs, introduce effective practices from the international academic community to local institutions, and advocate for the legitimacy of cutting-edge research in the local academic community. Through these tactics, the multiple logics of profession, corporation, market, and state were found to be strengthened in the institutional environment, thus supporting their career development. The study further proposes to view Chinese international doctoral degree holders’ relocation to China as an important component of the international mobility of knowledge workers, contributing to the formation of global scholarship, rather than a simple return journey to their homeland.

Legal mobilization dilemmas in the Nordics - an autoethnographic reflection on the role of scholars in the asylum commission.

The present article investigates key dilemmas in collective legal mobilization initiatives in the field of asylum and migrants' rights. Focusing on my own experiences from working in the Asylum Commission - a trans-sectional mobilization initiative that ran in Sweden from 2019 to 2022, involving researchers, civil society representatives, and professionals - I analyze two central dilemmas that characterized our work. First, I consider how we collectively struggled for the legal right to asylum and through this struggle also reproduced injustices and potential border control harms which are embedded in asylum regulations. Second, I analyze how the Commission strived to provide a knowledge-based account of the consequences of legislative changes post the long summer of migration in 2015 that would have an impact on future legislation, while simultaneously taking an open stand in solidarity with people who were excluded from the legislative process; i.e., asylum seekers. The article underlines the need for sociolegal research that highlights ways to address dilemmas in legal mobilization work and offers empirical insights from collective mobilization for migrants' rights in a Northern European country.

‘Fettered mobility’ and translocality: Irregular farm workers and the informal labour market in rural Taiwan

Investigating the multi-layered mobility of Southeast Asian irregular farm workers in rural Taiwan, this article examines the formation of their mobility in a physical, geographical, occupational and socio-economic sense. Focusing on frequent movement in these four aspects, this article coins the term ‘fettered mobility’ for workers’ constant relocation in the villages’ informal farm labour market. In tandem with the focus of this Special Issue on the ongoing transformations of migration at the crossroad between the legal, social and economic obstacles dictated by nation states and the market, and new patterns of movement, this article shows how ‘fettered mobility’ is an unintentional result of the Taiwanese state’s mobility regime, which regulates foreign nationals’ mobility by categorizing a hierarchical legal status. Fettered mobility is facilitated by the translocal migrant community constituted by the co-ethnic link between migrant workers and migrant spouse farmers, and also by the inter-ethnic link between the migrant community on the one hand and Taiwanese farmers and unlicensed brokers on the other. When migration is reconfiguring at a global, regional and local scale, fettered mobility is an assemblage in which the state, market and individual amalgamate into a networked, mobile, irregular and precarious labour force in which unprotected migrant workers are vulnerable to the state’s power to repatriate. Repatriation is an omnipresent threat, and anyone who knows of a migrant worker’s fettered mobility can put an end to their migration. Presenting fettered mobility as an assemblage, this article enriches the ongoing debate on the relationship between mobility and immobility and underlines its conditionality and instability.

Effective strategies for pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis: teriparatide use in focus.

Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare condition characterized by fragility fractures occurring during late pregnancy or lactation, primarily affecting the spine and causing significant morbidity and back pain. PLO can lead to mobility impairment and work incapacity, with recovery taking up to several years. Due to the lack of clinical trials, treatment strategies remain poorly defined, historically focusing on calcium supplements, vitamin D, and weaning from breastfeeding. However, recent attention has turned to teriparatide (TPD) as an option due to its anabolic properties and potential suitability for women of childbearing age. This review evaluates TPD's use in PLO treatment, using published systematic reviews and case studies. Over 300 cases with PLO were identified through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane searches until August 2023. We identified 175 cases with PLO treated with TPD alone or followed by antiresorptive therapy. Most women (85.7%) were primiparas. The mean ± SD duration of TPD use was 15 ± 6 months. Among the study patients, 91.4% used TPD alone, while 8.6% (15/175) utilized sequential therapy. Approximately 93% of our cohort exhibited potential risk factors for PLO. Despite the increased risk of recurrent fractures in PLO, only 14.7% (20/175) of those treated with TPD sustained new fractures during a 9-month to 9 years' follow-up period. The mean ± SD percent increase in BMD at the LS was 21.14% ± 7.4%, and at the FN it was 12.1% ± 9.3%. The baseline Z-scores at the LS ranged from -3.3 (-3.7 to -2.7), while the baseline Z-scores at the FN ranged from -2.0 (-2.7 to -1.5). This review emphasizes PLO severity, advocating for increased awareness and timely interventions. TPD emerges as a promising therapeutic option in certain cases.

Time Optimization Analysis Of Drainage Projects (Case Study: Surya Indah II Complex Drainage Construction)

The rapid development of the world of construction means that competition in the construction services business must be able to compete. Therefore, careful consideration is required to choose a method so that a construction project can run effectively and efficiently with results that meet the objectives, one of which is the Surya Indah II Complex Drainage Construction. In a development project, considerable processing is required, taking into account the increasing size of the project and the complexity of the dependencies between one part of the work and another in a project to achieve the desired results. Proper scheduling along with adequate resource allocation contributes to project success. This is comparable to the Surya Indah II Complex Drainage Development Project in Banjarbaru City, which has a contract value of 1,480,920,041 billion. This project was supposed to be completed in 180 calendar days; however, it was delayed due to a variety of issues, including bad weather, a shortage of labor, and tardy mobilization. According to the data analyzed in this study, the CPM (critical path method) approach has a critical route. The total project period using the CPM approach is 170 days, calculated based on the longest critical route. Work networks studied using the critical path include mobilization work, tree trunk cutting, concrete demolition, asphalt cutting, box culverts, and other tasks. Using the CPM approach, you can cut the job duration by 2.8% of the contract value. The solution to speed up the duration obtained using the CPM method is to add workers, add productivity tools, add working hours to activities that are on the critical path, and add the Earned Value method for optimal results.

Improving train services to increase student mobility and safety on the Purwakarta-Karawang route

Transportation is essential for the mobility of workers and students, yet many prefer motorcycles over public transportation like trains due to inadequate schedules and limited train availability. This choice contributes to Indonesia's high motorcycle usage and associated traffic accident risks. This study focuses on the Purwakarta-Karawang train route and its impact on student mobility at Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang. Employing a qualitative method with descriptive data collection and SWOT analysis, this research gathers student feedback on current train schedules and their impact on daily commutes. Findings indicate that increasing the number of train schedules could significantly improve student mobility and reduce the reliance on motorcycles, thereby decreasing traffic accidents. Moreover, better train schedules could enhance access to educational and employment opportunities. The study suggests that the local government should consider expanding and optimizing train services to address these issues. This research contributes to the broader field of transportation studies by highlighting the importance of efficient public transport schedules in reducing traffic accidents and supporting student mobility. It emphasizes the need for policy adjustments to improve Indonesia's public transportation infrastructure and services by proposing practical solutions.

Effects of yoga and add on Ayurvedic Kati Basti therapy for patients with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundChronic low back pain (CLBP) signficantly affects quality of life and productivity, leading to limitations in mobility, activity, and potential work absenteesim. Yoga and Ayurveda have shown promising evidence in reducing pain, improve function, and enhancing well-being for individuals with CLBP, as demonstrated by numerous studies. ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the effect of a 1-week residential integrative approach to yoga therapy. (IAYT) alone versus when combined with Ayurveda therapy (Kati Basti) in patients with CLBP. MethodsForty patients were recruited from E-section of a holistic health center in South India for randomization and split into a Yoga and Ayurveda (n=20) and a Yoga-only (n=20) group. Yoga and Ayurveda group received a 1-week residential program combining Yoga and Ayurveda (therapy including Kati Basti with Ksheerbala Taila), while the Yoga-only group received only yoga therapy. Assessments at baseline, 1-week, and three months were measure pain intensity, disability, and depression. ResultsBoth Yoga and Ayurveda group, and Yoga-only group showed significant reductions in pain and improvements in disability and depression at 1-week and three months. Quality of life also improved, specifically in physical, social, environmental, and psychological health. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of pain, disability, and depression. ConclusionBoth interventions demonstrated comparable results in pain reduction and disability improvement, as well as alleviating depression symptoms. Only Yoga and Ayurveda group exhibited improvement in physical health. Further research should explore long-term effects and compare different yoga interventions.

Establishing substitute families: Care arrangements for childless older people in urban China

While the issues of childlessness and social support in old age have received considerable attention in more developed countries, the phenomenon of aging without children in China has been relatively underexplored. The existing, albeit limited, literature highlights the vulnerability of the childless elderly in China and the inadequacy of social care services, which is predominantly directed toward most impoverished groups. This study examines the care arrangements and social support mechanisms for childless older people in urban China, emphasizing the role of community-level officers in this context. Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted in 2019 with 27 childless elderly individuals and 10 community-level officers in Shanghai, the study reveals the formation of community-based substitute families. These substitute families, comprising neighbors, extended family members, and friends, provide daily assistance, emotional support, and sometimes intensive care. The establishment of these substitute families hinges on the childless individuals’ ability to navigate public and social resources, as well as the institutionalized mobilization and informal work strategies of community-level officers. We argue that the care arrangements for childless older people are significantly shaped by the state's aging-in-place elder care policy. However, the effectiveness of this policy is mediated by the informal work strategies of community-level officers and the proactive care planning by the childless elderly themselves. Our findings offer important insights for improving the current family-based elder care policies and enrich our understanding of aging without children in urban China.

A Study of the Impact of Free Compulsory Education on the Urban Mobility of Migrant Workers

This study examines the impact of China's free compulsory education policy on the urban mobility of migrant workers. With the acceleration of urbanization, migrant workers have become an important force in China's urbanization and industrialization, but face barriers to urban integration. The report emphasized the promotion of migrant workers' citizenship, in which improving their education level is key. Since 2006, China has fully implemented free compulsory education and included rural compulsory education in the scope of public finance guarantee, which has had a positive impact on the education of migrant workers and their children, and a heterogeneity analysis reveals the existence of marital and educational heterogeneity. This policy is expected to enhance the willingness of rural migrant workers to reside in cities, promote urban-rural integration and development, and provide strong support for rural migrant worker citizenship.

FEATURES OF TERRITORY MANAGEMENT DURING MARITAL STATE IN UKRAINE

The article discusses the current problems of territory management in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which has been going on for two years. A description of the real state of territorial communities is offered, their problems caused by the war are outlined. A cluster model of the distribution of territorial communities depending on the situation during the war is presented. Possible ways of solving the main problems arising in the management of territories during martial law are determined. The article emphasizes that Russia's war against Ukraine, which has been going on for two years, has become the sharpest and most dangerous test of Ukrainian society since independence. Virtually all state and public institutions and organizations, government and executive institutions underwent significant changes in form and content. This especially applies to territorial communities, which, despite their short existence, have actually become the centers of the reconstruction of Ukrainian civil society on the lines of martial law. Territorial communities shouldered the main burden of volunteer assistance to the Armed Forces of Ukraine and territorial defense, reception and accommodation of forced migrants, provision of humanitarian aid, educational, medical, legal, communal services, organization of business and employment, as well as mobilization work. The article notes that under the conditions of martial law, the forms and content of territory management activities, in particular municipal management bodies, have changed: military-civilian administrations have appeared in regions and former districts. During the two years of the war, the functions and boundaries of the administrative activities of local self-government bodies were agreed upon, taking into account the challenges that were caused by the full-scale aggression of Russia. The article notes that the burden of the war had the greatest impact on the stability and vitality of territorial communities. Despite the fact that today it is generally possible to positively evaluate the administrative-territorial reform that was carried out on the eve of the war, territorial communities are in unequal conditions of life, have different possibilities of functioning, and require management decisions that are adequate to the real situation. The article emphasizes that the primary task at the moment is to improve relations between the central government and local self-government bodies, taking into account the actual military, economic, demographic, social, political, and humanitarian situation. We are talking about a significant expansion of the powers of territorial communities in all spheres of social life. It is impossible to rule in wartime by peaceful methods. This is all the more important because the administrative and territorial reform depends on the results at the front.

Is no (soft) skill left behind? Do soft skills enable job mobility

ABSTRACT High job mobility or labour turnover is historically treated as detrimental for businesses and workers. With new technologies including artificial intelligence (AI) that further increase soft skill demand, there is an opportunity for beneficial job mobility of workers reallocating to productive businesses supported by transferable soft skills. However, Australian businesses risk missing these benefits as Australian workers have yet to reach pre-GFC mobility. We use the HILDA longitudinal dataset for Australia to test how the soft skill measures of communication skills, time management, and low task repetitiveness are associated with mobility for Australian workers measured using changing jobs directly and hourly wages as a measure of mobility success. The survival analysis for changing jobs finds soft skills have no significant effect on the expected employment duration prior to changing jobs, while measures of overall skills beyond soft skills increase this duration. Further, measures of soft skills and overall skills have mixed effects on wages by themselves, and when moderated with changing jobs these terms are almost completely insignificant. Overall, the potential transferability of soft skills does not translate into practical mobility, suggesting limitations for workers seeking to improve their working conditions via changing jobs.

Crip translingualism

Abstract Forms of immobility both limit unqualified human agency and enable diverse channels of mobility. In this sense, mobility and immobility work together. Certain philosophical movements such as Southern theories and disability studies treat constraints, sedentariness, and boundaries as needing to be respected and accommodated in any inquiry. This article draws from these schools to theorize disruptions and constraints as resources in the circulation of languages, texts, and meanings. To index this generative role of constraints in communication, I adopt the term “crip” from theorizations in disability studies. “Crip” invokes the paradoxical reality that while being crippled poses disruptions in mobility, this rupture also generates new knowledge and possibilities into the flow of life (McRuer, 2006). This article explains how crip translingualism would treat ruptures, constraints, and boundaries as resourceful for meaning making. This is a corrective to certain previous theorizations that have treated translingualism as based on unrestricted flows and fluidities, influenced by dominant orientations to mobility. I illustrate from a classroom literacy interaction where the ruptures posed by the heritage languages of multilingual students motivated everyone to adopt creative strategies to expand the meaning of “meaning,” redefine literacy as negotiated, and develop ethical dispositions to collaborate in communicating across language boundaries. I argue that the incomprehensions and vulnerabilities created by language diversity actually motivate everyone to develop strategies to creatively read and write. In this manner, constraints don’t stifle the text or students, but mobilize new flows of meanings and interactions.