Mobility Management Scheme In Networks Research Articles

다중 계층 무선 통신망에서 QoS 지원 적응형 이동성 관리 기법

본 논문은 모바일 사용자들에게 효율적인 QoS를 제공하기 위한 이동성 관리 기법에 관한 것이다. 극단적으로 작은 셀 반경을 갖는 마이크로 셀룰러 시스템은 높은 트래픽 용량을 제공하는 반면에 이동속도가 빠른 터미널들의 호들에 대해서는 최소한의 잔류 시간 요구들을 맞추기 어렵다. 이러한 문제점들을 극복하기 위해서 새로운 동적 다중 셀 구조를 설계하였다. 이동성을 지역화 시키는 QoS 적응형 이동성 참조 모델과 사용자의 다양한 이동성을 고려한 다중 계층 무선통신 시스템 등 새로운 이동성 관리 기법을 설계하고, 수학적 분석을 통하여 제안된 기법의 성능을 분석하였다.

Robust Mobility Management Scheme in Tactical Communication Networks

In a tactical communication network (TCN), it is important during military operations to provide timely and accurate information transmission. Accordingly, mobility management plays a key role in supporting the mobility and connectivity of mobile nodes (MNs). In battlefield environments, the intermediate nodes(INs), such as a backbone node or an access node, can due to enemy attack be partially or completely damaged. In order to solve these issues, different distributed mobility management (DMM) schemes have been introduced. However, the existing DMM schemes do not offer any efficient solution to maintain the ongoing communication sessions of MNs associated with a destroyed IN. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a robust mobility management scheme for TCNs. The proposed scheme not only enables the disconnected MNs to attach to a new IN, but by creating IP tunnels, also maintains their ongoing communication sessions. In order to evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme, we develop a physical test-bed environment. With the help of mathematical and experimental results, we show that the proposed scheme outperforms the legacy schemes in terms of service availability, network throughput, and first packet arrival time.

Throughput and Handover Latency Evaluation for Multicast Proxy Mobile IPV6

The objective of this paper is to present performance analysis of a new enhanced mobile multicast network mobility management scheme. The initial developed network mobility management called Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is based on unicast network support. This paper enabled multicast support in network mobility management and named it as MPMIPv6. Additionally this enhancement also provides better network performance with the new context transfer operations and fast reroute operations. In brief, this paper also describes other current mobile multicast schemes. The new scheme is evaluated using mathematical analysis and NS3.19 simulator. Theoretically this scheme reduces service recovery time, total signalling cost, handover latency, and packet loss for multicast communication. However for this paper, the analysed parameters are throughput and handover latency. Both mathematical and simulation results exhibit better network performance for multicast environment compared to the standard benchmark scheme.

Distributed Group-Based Mobility Management Scheme in Wireless Body Area Networks

For group-based mobility management in 6LoWPAN-based wireless body area networks (WBAN), some schemes using the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIP) have been proposed. However, the existing PMIP-based mobility schemes tend to induce large registration delay and handover delay. To overcome such limitations, we propose a new distributed group-based mobility management scheme, in which the Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) function is implemented by each Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) and the handover operation is performed between two neighboring MAGs without the help of LMA. Besides, each MAG maintains the information of the group of mobile sensors and aggregates the Authentication-Authorization-Accounting (AAA) query messages for a group of mobile sensors as a “single” message to decrease the control overhead. By numerical analysis, it is shown that the proposed scheme can reduce the registration and handover delays, compared to the existing PMIP-based mobility schemes.

PMIPv6 네트워크에서 사용자 기반의 향상된 분산형 이동성 관리 기법

PMIPv6 네트워크에서 사용자 기반의 향상된 분산형 이동성 관리 기법

Enhanced Network Mobility Management for Vehicular Networks

Network mobility basic support (NEMO-BS) is able to maintain Internet connectivity among a set of mobile network nodes and, hence, has been considered as an intelligent transportation systems standard. However, NEMO-BS often results in unacceptably long handover latency and increased data loss to the vehicle. To address these issues, several schemes have employed a fast handover scheme by using Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) in NEMO-BS. Because these previous schemes are designed for a single vehicle, they have to establish the tunnel between the mobile access gateways (MAGs) for every single vehicle that moves to a new Internet protocol domain. Thus, these schemes may incur significant signaling overhead in vehicular networks (VNs), where vehicles have high mobility, and the number of vehicles is large. In this paper, we propose a group-based network mobility management scheme that also adopts the approach of FPMIPv6 to mitigate such signaling burden. Our proposed scheme establishes multiple tunnels at once for a group of moving vehicles by sending a single tunnel-establishment message to the next MAG. We also propose to pre-establish the tunnel by considering the geographic characteristics of VNs with the intent to reduce the handover latency. Using analytical models, we evaluate the performance of the proposed network mobility management scheme as compared with other previous schemes in terms of signaling cost, handover latency, and packet delivery cost. Our analytical study is verified by simulation results.

Design and performance analysis of a cost-effective proxy-LMA mobility management scheme in IP-based mobile networks with global mobility support

Interlocking with a heterogeneous network is important because mobile users (MUs) who navigate on next-generation (NG) wireless networks want to be provided with undisrupted network services. Unfortunately, there have been few studies on methods of guaranteeing global mobility. To enhance global mobility and interoperability within the NG network environment, in this paper, we propose a proxy-local mobility anchor (Proxy-LMA) system, a mobile IP-based global inter-networking system. The purpose of the proposed Proxy-LMA system is to expand the boundary of mobility with respect to the existing mobility management protocols (PMIPv6 and MIPv6), in order to guarantee global mobility and interoperability within a heterogeneous network environment. The results revealed that the proposed Proxy-LMA system was more efficient than the other methods in terms of the signal cost and delay in a heterogeneous network environment such as wireless sensor networks.

EPD-NEMO: efficient PMIPv6-based distributed network mobility management

Current network mobility management protocols allow users to access broadband Internet while moving in vehicles or from vehicles to fixed locations without breaking ongoing sessions. These protocols rely on a central mobility anchor such as home agent or local mobility anchor. Thus, some issues, including a single point of failure, long handover delay, and scalability, are exposed in these existing approaches. Ever-increasing demand for mobile Internet traffic changes the mobile network from a hierarchical architecture to a flat architecture and distributed schemes are being researched for the purpose of adapting to new flat architecture and overcoming the aforementioned issues. In this paper, we do a survey of existing network mobility management protocols, current solutions for distributed mobility management, and present an efficient PMIPv6-based distributed network mobility management scheme. The proposed scheme consists of characteristics of distributed mobility management and a new handover mechanism to reduce the packet delivery overhead while keeping seamless Internet access to users in vehicles. By numerical analysis, we prove that our new approach improves service disruption time and packet delivery cost compared to exiting solutions under various environment conditions.

SMR-Based Adaptive Mobility Management Scheme in Hierarchical SIP Networks

In hierarchical SIP networks, paging is performed to reduce location update signaling cost for mobility management. However, the cost efficiency largely depends on each mobile node’s session-to-mobility-ratio (SMR), which is defined as a ratio of the session arrival rate to the movement rate. In this paper, we propose the adaptive mobility management scheme that can determine the policy regarding to each mobile node’s SMR. Each mobile node determines whether the paging is applied or not after comparing its SMR with the threshold. In other words, the paging is applied to a mobile node when a mobile node’s SMR is less than the threshold. Therefore, the proposed scheme provides a way to minimize signaling costs according to each mobile node’s SMR. We find out the optimal threshold through performance analysis, and show that the proposed scheme can reduce signaling cost than the existing SIP and paging schemes in hierarchical SIP networks.

Performance analysis of DNS-assisted global mobility management scheme in cost-optimized proxy mobile IPv6 Networks

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is designed to provide a network-based localized mobility management protocol, but it does not handle the global mobility of hosts. In this paper, we propose a location management scheme based on Domain Name System (DNS) for PMIPv6. In this proposed scheme, DNS as a location manager provides PMIPv6 for global mobility. In addition, a paging extension scheme is introduced to PMIPv6 in order to support large numbers of mobile terminals and enhance network scalability. To evaluate the proposed location management scheme, we establish an analytical model, also formulate the location update and the paging cost, and analyse the influence of the different factors on the total signalling cost. The performance results show how the total signal cost changes under various parameters.

Analytical Approach of New Random-walk Based Mobility Management Scheme in IP-based Mobile Networks

In next-generation wireless networks, provisioning of IP-based network architecture and seamless transmission services are very important issues for mobile nodes. For this reason, a mobility management mechanism to support global roaming is highly regarded. These technologies bring a broader life by using a global roaming account through the connection of multiple devices or technology to mobile users; they also provide real-time multimedia services. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of fast handover for hierarchical mobile IPv6 (F-HMIPv6), hierarchical mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6), Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), and fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) using the fluid-flow model and random-walk model. As a result, the location update cost of the PMIPv6 and FPMIPv6 is better than that of HMIPv6 and F-HMIPv6. These results suggest that the network-based mobility management technology is superior to the hierarchical mobility management technology in the mobility environment.

PA-NEMO: Proxy Mobile IPv6-aided Network Mobility Management Scheme for 6LoWPAN

The IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN), a special type of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with mobility, has a great potential to be deployed for the convenience of people’s life. In 6LoWPAN, a group of sensor nodes often move together as a whole subset, guiding by a cluster head. Because of the low-power requirements of mobile devices in 6LoWPAN, seeking low cost schemes to manage the mobility of the whole subset is a very essential problem to be solved. To this end, this paper firstly proposes a Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) Aided Network Mobility (NEMO) management scheme, referred to as PA-NEMO, for 6LoWPAN, by combining traditional PMIPv6 with NEMO Basic Support scheme. In the proposed PA-NEMO scheme, the transmission tunnels are established out of the 6LoWPAN area, so the cost of the devices can be greatly reduced. Then, we formulate and analyse the signalling overhead of the proposed PA-NEMO. Finally, some numerical results are presented to show that our proposed PA-NEMO achieves the lowest signalling overhead among existing mobility management schemes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.20.3.3951

Survey and Evaluation of Advanced Mobility Management Schemes in the Host Identity Layer

This paper is committed to give an overview of the Host Identity Protocol (HIP), to introduce the basic ideas and the main paradigms behind it, and to make an exhaustive survey of mobility management schemes in the Host Identity Layer. The authors' goal is to show how HIP emerges from the list of potential alternatives with its wild range of possible usability, complex feature set and power to create a novel framework for future Mobile Internet architectures. In order to achieve this, the authors also perform an extensive simulation evaluation of four selected mobility solutions in the Host Identity Layer: the standard HIP mobility/multihoming (RFC5206), a micromobility solution (µHIP), a network mobility management scheme (HIP-NEMO) and a proactive, cross-layer optimized, distributed proposal designed for flat architectures (UFA-HIP).

A novel network mobility management scheme supporting seamless handover for high-speed trains

Automotive telematics has become an important technology for high-speed rail systems, which are being increasingly popular in this era of green technology. As the train speed increases, however, communications between the train and infrastructure encounter major difficulties of maintaining high quality communication. Handovers on high-speed trains occur more frequently and have shorter permissible handling times than for traditional vehicles. In this paper, the proposed 2MR network mobility scheme takes advantage of the physical size of high-speed trains to deploy two mobile routers (MRs) in the first and last carriages. This scheme provides a protocol to allow the two MRs to cooperate with a wireless network infrastructure in facilitating seamless handovers. Our simulation results demonstrate that compared to the traditional single MR schemes, the 2MR scheme noticeably improves the communication quality during handover by significantly reducing handover latency as well as packet loss for high-speed trains.

Analytical Approach of Multicasting-supported Inter-Domain Mobility Management in Sensor-based Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 Networks

IP-based Wireless Sensor Networks (IP-WSNs) are gaining importance for their broad range of applications in health care, home automation, environmental monitoring, industrial control, vehicle telematics, and agricultural monitoring. In all these applications, a fundamental issue is the mobility in the sensor network, particularly with regards to energy efficiency. Because of the energy inefficiency of network-based mobility management protocols, they can be supported via IP-WSNs. In this paper, we propose a network-based mobility-supported IP-WSN protocol called mSFP, or the mSFP: "Multicasting-supported Inter-Domain Mobility Management Scheme in Sensor-based Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 Networks". Based on [8,20], we present its network architecture and evaluate its performance by considering the signaling and mobility cost. Our analysis shows that the proposed scheme reduces the signaling cost, total cost, and mobility cost. With respect to the number of IP-WSN nodes, the proposed scheme reduces the signaling cost by 7% and the total cost by 3%. With respect to the number of hops, the proposed scheme reduces the signaling cost by 6.9%, the total cost by 2.5%, and the mobility cost by 1.5%. With respect to the number of IP-WSN nodes, the proposed scheme reduces the mobility cost by 1.6%.

A distributed mobility management scheme in networks with the locator/identifier separation

SUMMARYIn traditional Internet architectures, current centralized mobility management schemes face scalability issues because of the creation of network bottlenecks and a single mobility agent of failures. To address these issues, we propose a distributed mobility management scheme in locator/identifier separation networks (DMMLIS). We divide the network into many domains according to the area of autonomous systems. Each domain consists of a mapping server and several tunnel routers (xTRs). The mapping server stores global mappings between endpoint identifier (EID) prefixes and autonomous system numbers (ASNs) to lookup the mobile nodes' (MNs') home domain. Meanwhile, the mapping server also contains ASN‐to‐xTR mappings so that it can forward Map‐Register and Map‐Request messages to any xTR of the MN's home domain, thus enhancing reliability. In addition, the xTRs in each domain constitute one‐hop distributed hash table ring. Moreover, any xTR in the MN's home domain may be the home agent of MNs, and the MNs' EID‐to‐RLOC (routing locator) mapping is stored in two xTRs using two hash functions. In this way, it not only supports quick lookup but also improves scalability and survivability. To evaluate the survivability and the efficiency of DMMLIS, we analyze the service blocking probability, the system response time, and the total protocol cost. We also present numerical results to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Modeling and Analysis of an Energy-Efficient Mobility Management Scheme in IP-Based Wireless Networks

An energy-efficient mobility management scheme in IP-based wireless networks is proposed to reduce the battery power consumption of mobile hosts (MHs). The proposed scheme manages seven MH states, including transmitting, receiving, attention/cell-connected, attention/paging area(PA)-connected, idle, off/attached, and detached states, to efficiently manage battery power, radio resources, and network load. We derive the stationary probabilities and steady state probabilities of the seven MH states for the proposed scheme in IP-based wireless networks in compact form. The effects of various input parameters on MH steady state probabilities and power consumption are investigated in the proposed scheme compared to the conventional scheme. Network costs such as cell updates, PA updates, binding-lifetime-based registrations, and paging messages are analyzed in the proposed and conventional schemes. The optimal values of PA size and registration interval are derived to minimize the network cost of the proposed scheme. The combined network and power costs are investigated for the proposed and conventional schemes. The results provide guidelines to select the proper system parameters in IP-based wireless networks.

Fast Mobility Management for Delay-Sensitive Applications in Vehicular Networks

This letter presents a fast IP mobility management scheme in vehicular networks where multiple wireless network interfaces are used to perform the fast handover without packet loss. In order to do that, the IETF standard HMIPv6 has been extended, where multiple simultaneous tunnels between the HMIPv6 MAP and the mobile gateway are dynamically constructed. The architecture for supporting multiple tunnels has been designed, and both mathematical analysis and simulation have been done for performance evaluation.

Proxy Mobile IPv6 환경에서 동적 페이징 지원을 위한 이동성 관리기법

Proxy Mobile IPv6(PMIPv6) is a network-based mobility management protocol and it does not require mobile node`s involving in mobility management. In PMIPv6, the Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) incurs a high signaling cost to update the location of a mobile node to the remote Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) if it moves frequently. It may cause excessive signaling traffic and increase a high traffic load on LMA. Therefore, we propose a new mobility management scheme in proxy mobile IPv6 networks with dynamic paging support. To minimize signaling overhead, in our proposal, the size of the paging area is determined dynamically according the changes of mobility and traffic patterns of the mobile node. An analytic model is applied to determine the optimal size of the paging area. The cost analysis using fluid flow model presented in this paper shows that our proposal can achieve performance superior that of PMIPv6 scheme.

Performance Study of Mobility Management Schemes in IP-Based Networks

Remarkable advances in mobile technologies and wireless communications allow users to access the Internet anywhere at any time. It becomes increasingly essential to support mobility in IP-based networks. The mobile IP is the most widely known mobility management scheme in IP networks. However, some inherent weaknesses of this protocol are only partially solved. Although the route optimization tries to figure out these problems, it cannot manage mobility binding efficiently. In this article, four binding refreshment schemes, including the always-push scheme, the on-demand scheme, the threshold scheme, and the adaptive push scheme, are proposed and evaluated. Among others, the adaptive push scheme is compared with the well-known mobile IP and route optimization. The simulation results show that the adaptive push scheme proposed in this article outperforms the others and significantly reduces the cost of mobility management in IP-based networks.