Mobile WiMAX Networks Research Articles

Enhancing Network Security through Advanced Authentication and Key Management Mechanisms

This paper introduces the SEAKS-PKMv2 protocol, a robust security mechanism aimed at addressing vulnerabilities within the PKMv2 framework, particularly focusing on mutual authentication, key management, and encryption in mobile WiMAX networks. By integrating RSA-based and EAP-based authentication methods, SEAKS-PKMv2 establishes a secure environment that mitigates risks such as replay, man-in-the-middle and interleaving attacks. The protocol adopts a distributed authentication and localized key management approach, facilitating efficient and secure network access and data transmission. Through simulation, we evaluate the SEAKS-PKMv2 protocol’s performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, overhead, processing time, and resilience against rogue relay station attacks. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in network security and efficiency, confirming the effectiveness of SEAKS-PKMv2 in enhancing the integrity and confidentiality of communications in distributed network settings.

Comparative Analysis of Transport Layer Protocols under Diverse Traffics in Mobile WiMAX Network using NS2 with Improved Scene Generator

Comparative Analysis of Transport Layer Protocols under Diverse Traffics in Mobile WiMAX Network using NS2 with Improved Scene Generator

Comparative Performance Analysis of DSDV, DSR and OLSR Routing Protocols to Determine the Best Suited Routing Approach through Simulation in Mobile Wimax Network

Comparative Performance Analysis of DSDV, DSR and OLSR Routing Protocols to Determine the Best Suited Routing Approach through Simulation in Mobile Wimax Network

KINERJA ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (OFDMA) PADA TEKNOLOGI RADIO OVER FIBER (ROF)

Amalia Eka Rakhmania, Sholeh Hadi Pramono, Dwi Fadila Kurniawan, in this paper explain that radio over Fiber (RoF) is a technology that integrates wireless and wireline transmission system to transmit radio signal through optical fibre cable. This paper evaluates the performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) implemented in RoF system for mobile WiMAX network. RoF channel model includes both optical fiber with Relative Intensity Noise, shot noise, thermal noise, and chromatic dispersion, and also wireless channel with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Through simulation, signal to noise ratio (SNR), channel capacity, bit rate, and bit error rate (BER) with the influence of optical fiber length and wavelength. Result shows that optical fiber length is proportional to SNR, channel capacity, and bit rate but inversely proportional to BER. 1550 nm wavelength has better channel capacity but lesser bit rate than 1310 nm.

Performance Investigation of VoIP Over Mobile WiMAX Networks through OPNET Simulation

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is regarded as a promising technology that can provide wireless communication because of its advantages which include, high-speed data rates, high coverage and low cost of development and maintenance. WiMAX also supports the performance of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), which is expected to replace conventional circuit switched voice services. VoIP requires to accurately design of QoS configurations over WiMAX networks. This paper focuses on studying and analyzing the performance of VoIP over WiMAX mobile networks. WiMAX network and VoIP technology such as mobility, WiMAX service classes, number of nodes and VoIP codecs are studied and analyzed. WiMAX network is simulated in a different manner using the simulation program known as OPNET Modeler. Simulation results established that the service layer Unsolicited Grand Service (UGS) is more appropriate for VoIP service because it has the best standard and performance. It was also observed that the least delay and highest value of customer satisfaction rate of services is demonstrated by the G.723.1 best coding. It also maintains the minimum consumption of capacity.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СТАНДАРТА ШИРОКОПОЛОСНОГО ДОСТУПА IEEE 802.16 ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВЗАИМНОГО ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ КУБСАТОВ В СОСТАВЕ LEGA-SAT

It is considered the possibility of optimizing the use of the power capabilities of the cube-sat platform included in the "distributed satellite" to improve the performance of its payload. To optimize the use of energy capabilities, it was proposed to disconnect the onboard equipment of the command-and-telemetric radio link in the mode of regular operation of cube-sat in the "distributed satellite". To measure the current navigation parameters of cube-satellite in the conditions of group flight in the "distributed satellite" it is proposed to use the coordinates of the cube-satellite in the satellite coordinate system of the "distributed satellite" root satellite and the relative cube-relative velocity vector relative to the root satellite as the initial data. It is proposed to use a technique based on measurements of the distances between satellites in a "distributed satellite" and the projections of the vector of relative velocity for these distances to determine the coordinates of cube-sat in the satellite coordinate system. The features of the WiMAX broadband access protocol IEEE 802.16 protocols are examined to determine whether it is possible to perform mutual position measurements of satellites as part of a "distributed satellite" in one channel with information transmission. It pointed that the use of built-in means of measuring the range and access of mobile stations to the mobile WiMAX network makes it possible to perform measurements of the distance from the root satellite to the final satellite - cube-sat in the "distributed satellite". To perform the operations of measuring distances between the final satellites in the "distributed satellite", it is proposed to use the "competitive access zone" of the uplink sub-frame in the WiMAX network. A procedure for measuring the range between terminal satellites is proposed, based on measuring the propagation time of the distance measurement test signal between the assigned terminal satellites. It proposed a procedure for transmitting a test signal, taking into account the features of multiple access with orthogonal carrier separation (OFDMA). The proposed procedure can be implemented in a variant of the IEEE 802.16 standard network for application in a "distributed satellite"

Optimize Transmission of Image over Integrated Mobile WiMAX and WiLAN Network

The problem of multiuser downlink resource allocation in Mobile WiMAX system was studied. Three different network scenarios considered for the transmission of image data. Resource allocation is done using Active Set Optimization and Genetic Algorithm, for all the three network scenarios. Simulation results show that information fed back and association among subcarriers play vital role to improve system performance. As compared to reduced complexity, resource allocation using Active Set Optimization and Genetic Algorithm seems especially attractive as the number of users increases for Image Data. It is observed through simulation that the System using Genetic Algorithm performs better than Active Set. Linear Resource Allocation in terms of significantly decreasing the computational complexity and achieve higher capacities, while being applicable to a more general class of systems. As Genetic Algorithm follows constraints of Stochastic processes it didn’t give results highest in all Experiment Conducted. It is also observed that for Integer-Binary Objective function Performance of Genetic Algorithm is not that much satisfied because of its stochastic processing. Also processing time required to reach final optimize variables values is too much.

Estimation of Path Loss Model for a 2.65 GHz Mobile WiMAX Network Deployed in a Sub-Urban Environment with Regression Techniques

Deployment of an efficient cellular network is considered as a challenging task as it affects the performance measures like data rate, bit error rate, spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency etc. For this, the foremost important step is developing an accurate path loss model for the network in the deployment region. In this paper, an empirical path loss model is estimated for an IEEE 802.16e standardised WiMAX network operating on a carrier frequency of 2.65 GHz deployed in a sub-urban area. An experimental setup is designed for collecting the parameters such as carrier to interference plus noise ratio (CINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI) for the concerned network and with the help of regression technique, the path loss model is formulated. The relationships between CINR, RSSI, and the distance between base station and customer premise equipment are formulated. The distributions of RSSI, CINR and path loss for the concerned network are also found out. Then by using the proposed path loss model, link budget analysis is performed. From the analysis, it is concluded that the proposed path loss model closely approximates to Stanford University Interim model with path loss exponent value of 3.45.

Mobile relay deployment in multihop relay networks

In multihop relay networks such as LTE-Advanced and the mobile WiMAX network, subscribers move in and out of the Fixed Relays’ (FRs) coverage in different periods. Frequent handover requests generated by population mobility lead to low data rate and load imbalances among FRs. To fulfill the requirement of subscribers, Mobile Relays (MRs), are considered to patrol FRs to offload their relay task which can improve the efficiency of the access network. In this paper, we define and study the Minimum Mobile Relay Path selection problem (MMRP), whose objective is to deploy minimum MRs to patrol FRs when they are “busy”. First, Markov chains are used to predict FRs’ busy period which is then transformed into a busy period graph. Based on this busy period graph, we propose solutions to different relaying scenarios. Maximum matching and the maximum flow technologies are adopted to find heuristic algorithms for these different scenarios respectively. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that, compared with traditional search algorithms, solutions based on the maximum matching and the maximum flow technologies have O(n2) complexity, where n is the number of FRs, and they perform better than traditional ways on the number of paths and system overhead. Moreover, the solution using predicted busy periods is more efficient than that when FRs’ busy periods are presupposed.

Frequency reconfigurable multiband antenna with embedded biasing network

This research presents a frequency reconfigurable antenna scheme for wireless communications [worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), mobile WiMAX and wireless local area network], in which a PIN diode is utilised for the discrete tuning and a varactor diode for the subsequent fine-tuning. A microcontroller-controlled embedded biasing network (EBN) is integrated into the antenna to regulate the PIN and varactor diodes for the simultaneous wideband and multiband operations. Specifically, two clusters constitute the proposed antenna scheme: the antenna and EBN clusters. The simulation and experimental results revealed that the antenna scheme could achieve the multiple frequency bands in the range of 2.4-5.8 GHz, with negligible changes in the antenna physical dimensions. Due to its compactness, the antenna scheme is ideal for small modern wireless communications devices.

An Analysis of VoIP Application in Fixed and Mobile WiMAX Networks

WiMAX is a wireless broadband technology, which promises maximum coverage area and high data rates. WiMAX provides last mile connectivity. This network defines two working models such as fixed WiMAX and mobile WiMAX. The main aim of this paper is to compare and also analyze the performance of the VoIP application over fixed and mobile WiMAX, with respect to various codecs such as G.711, G.723.1ar5.3, G.726ar24, G.728ar16 and G.729. We have considered few QoS parameters such as average end-to-end delay, throughput, average jitter, average one-way delay and average MOS. From the obtained result, codec G.711 and G.726ar24 performs better when compared to other codecs in both fixed and mobile WiMAX network.

Energy-Efficient Scalable Video Multicasting for Overlapping Groups in a Mobile WiMAX Network

Scalable video coding, together with adaptive modulation and coding, is a promising technique for providing real-time video multicast services on mobile stations (MSs) in heterogeneous channel conditions. On the other hand, since MSs are often powered by batteries, reducing the energy consumption of mobile devices is an important concern. In this paper, we study the problem of scalable video multicast scheduling in a mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) network with the objective of maximizing the multicast energy throughput. This problem has never been seriously studied when the assumption that different multicast groups may partially overlap is made. We prove that this problem is NP-complete. Our proposed solution, which is called energy-efficient multicast scheduling with adaptive modulation and coding (EEMS-AMC), consists of three modules, namely, online admission control, base-layer data scheduling, and enhancement-layer data scheduling. The admission control rules not only help the base station to admit the maximum number of video streams but ensure that the video data can be delivered to mobile users within the timeliness requirement as well. Moreover, EEMS-AMC adopts the greedy strategy to schedule base-layer data such that even in the worst-case scenario, the average duty cycle of admitted MSs can be within a bounded factor from the theoretical minimum. Finally, EEMS-AMC employs the metric “expected multicast throughput” to derive the proper modulation and coding scheme for each enhancement-layer data and employs the metric “marginal multicast energy throughput” to efficiently derive near-optimal enhancement-layer data scheduling. Simulation results exhibit that EEMS-AMC achieves relatively good performances in terms of multicast energy throughput and normalized total utility.

A Novel Approach to Enhance QoS in Mobile WiMAX Networks

Wireless network is fast growing area. Wireless network has an ability to provide a good quality of service i.e voice, data, video conferencing etc. Different mobile generations are presented i.e 1G to 4G. In this research paper, 4G technology is used. WiMAX is 4G technology. In this research work, create a WiMAX network and that network consist of 2 base stations, app configuration, profile configuration, WiMAX configuration and 16 mobile nodes. After creating a network check the quality of network i.e Jitter (sec) and delay (sec). In this research paper we conclude that when the speed of moving mobile node is increased we obtain the low delay and low jitter in network.

A symmetric key-based pre-authentication protocol for secure handover in mobile WiMAX networks

Providing secured and seamless service is one of the most important aspects of mobile networks, particularly for mobile WiMAX systems. However, the long delay handover schemes brought by the time-consuming EAP-based authentication may cause service disruption when a mobile WiMAX user moves between the coverage areas of different base stations. In this paper, we propose a handover scheme using symmetric key cryptography and pre-authentication approach to shorten the delay while ensuring high security level for Mobile WiMAX handover. The scheme is proven by BAN logic to achieve the security goals of an authentication scheme. A performance analysis is also carried out to show the effectiveness of this scheme in reducing handover delay and saving computational resources.

Mobile Station-Controlled Handover Scheme in Mobile WiMAX: Case Study

Mobility in WiMAX system is one of the most important problems in computer networks, especially when a mobile station (MS) tours and be handovered from one base station (BS) to another, Mobile WiMAX is a broadband system that is capable of delivering services such as voice, data and video. In this paper, fast and simple scheme of handover (HO) in Mobile WiMAX network will be presented using pathloss, received signal strength, angles of divergence which leads to better and fast HO scenarios. Simulation studies show low latency in the handover, better throughput and less packet loss ratio during the HO process.

Seamless Mobility Management in NextGeneration Hybrid Networks

In this review paper, the mechanisms of interoperability between Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and mobile WIMAX networks are introduced. LTE and WiMAX are emerging wireless access technologies of next generation mobile networks, where making the mobile users interoperating LTE and WiMAX smoothly with service continuity is the major concern. Effective and efficient Multimedia services such as Voice and Video services can be provided to mobile users with reduced Delay and Packet drops. The parameters such as Handover delay for voice and video services and number of packets dropped in downlink and uplink are obtained.

Comparative Study of Load Balancing Techniques in Mobile WiMAX IEEE 802.16e

Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Mobile WiMAX) is a wireless Metropolitan Area Network technology based on IEEE 802.16e standard. Mobile WiMAX has been designed with the purpose of enabling mobile Internet from the physical layer to the network layer. In this paper, a comparative study between load balancing techniques in mobile WiMAX is presented. These techniques are Spare Capacity Procedure (SCP) and WiMAX QOS Aware Load Balancing Protocol (WQLP). These load balancing techniques used when network congestion occurred in Mobile WiMAX networks. These two techniques represent the major trends of load balancing in Mobile WiMAX IEEE 802.16e technology. These techniques use directed handovers for Load Balancing (LB) among cells; these handovers were initiated by the Serving Base Station. Performance of load balancing techniques have been analyzed and evaluated based on an extensive simulation. The simulation shows that the performance of WQLP is better than SCP in load distribution but SCP is faster than WQLP in handover process. The elaborated performance analysis shows a set of advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. This evaluation study represents an important entry point for choosing the besttechniques that can distribute load among BSs and guarantee QoS for all MSs using real-time applications.

An Opportunistic Packet Scheduling Algorithm for Load Balancing (LoBO) in IEEE 802.16j Multi-hop Relay-Enhanced Mobile WiMAX Network

We consider a IEEE 802.16j multi-hop relay-enhanced Mobile WiMAX network with a full frequency-reuse capability, in which an orthogonal frequency division multiple access-based time-division duplex...

A QoS-Aware CAC with Bandwidth Reservation and Degradation Scheme in IEEE 802.16e Networks

Call admission control (CAC) schemes play a critical role in providing quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees for various classes of traffic with diverse QoS requirements in IEEE 802.16e networks. The dynamic CAC and bandwidth reservation scheme is one of the current schemes that simultaneously provides efficient utilization of network resources and guarantees QoS for admitted connections. However, its admission criteria starved high and low service classes due to its linear adaptation policy to accommodate more users into the network under moderate-to-heavy traffic load conditions. Its adaptive threshold for handoff connections is adjusted based on the arrival of new and handoff connections, that results in a waste of resources when the new and handoff connection arrival rate occurs frequently. In this paper, a new CAC scheme for Mobile WiMAX networks is proposed to prevent starvation of service classes and enhance the efficient utilization of network resources. The scheme determines a new admission criteria based on a scheduling service class. In the admission criteria, bandwidth degradation policy is used to admit more users when there is no available bandwidth to admit a more users. The adaptive threshold has been introduced dynamically to adjust the quantity of reserved bandwidth for handoff connections based on the traffic intensity of handoff requests. In addition, an analytical model for the proposed scheme is also developed. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed approach. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves the network efficiency compared to other schemes in terms of accepting more connections into the network and assuring QoS for all service classes. The numerical results have shown similar performance to the simulation results.

Assessing Capabilities of Commercial WiMAX Networks for Deliverling Real-Time Surveillance Video Traffic in Uplink

Abstract Streaming video in uplink is an interesting opportunity for network operators for capitalizing unused part of bandwidth (due to Internet asymmetry). The uplink seems not optimized nowadays due to lack of business cases. The main challenge however is bursty and unpredictable nature of wireless channel observed especially as mobility comes into play in current broadband networks. That is why in this paper, we have approached the diagnosis of commercial mobile WiMAX network towards the capabilities of assuring real-time video in uplink direction. We present results of drive tests showing that delay in WiMAX networks for LOS-NLOS (Line of sight - No n line of sight) mobile conditions is largely contributed by uplink direction (60-90% of RTT (Round trip time)) whereas downlink directions hardly ever exceeds 40ms. We show that enabling MIMO-A(Multiple Input Multiple Output) can decrease delays by 100ms in NLOS conditions and decrease delay variation by up to 90%. For each of tests we have presented exact probabilities of particular modulations involved based on channel realizations.