Mobile Receiver Research Articles

Experience with the high mobility reception plate for source characterization according to EN 15657

EN 12354-5 describes methods for the prediction of noise from technical equipment based on the airborne sound radiation and the structure-borne sound excitation. This paper considers methods to characterize the source in terms of structure-borne-sound (sbs) emission. Laboratory methods for sbs source characterization are given in EN 15657. In current research and development projects at Rosenheim Technical University of Applied Sciences these methods are applied to fully characterize technical equipment such as heat pumps or ventilation systems. This includes the determination of the equivalent blocked force, the source single equivalent free velocity and the source single equivalent mobility. EN 15657 describes various methods to determine the required properties. Recent project experience showed that this is essentially necessary because the most suitable method has to be applied depending on the nature of the technical equipment. This paper presents experiences with indirect measurement methods on the high-mobility plate and the direct measurement method given in EN 15657.

Shadow fading analysis over asymmetric beam channel at 2.1 GHz in outdoor scenarios

AbstractIn this letter, we investigate the radio propagation characteristics in an open outdoor place through a frequency‐domain channel measurement campaign at a frequency band of 2.1 GHz via asymmetric beam patterns. Specifically, we focus on the large‐scale fading characteristics and analyze the transceivers' separation‐dependent and boresight direction‐dependent received power, shadow fading (SF), and SF auto‐correlation properties under the case of perfect beam alignment. Furthermore, the effects of asymmetric beamwidths are also thorough investigated. The measured results reveal that transceivers' beams can reduce the shadow fading variances evidently in contrast to the omnidirectional antennas' case. Besides, it is found that the pattern where mobile receiver (Rx) uses narrow beams and static transmitter (Tx) adopts the omnidirectional antenna yields a high SF auto‐correlation value compared to the other beam patterns. The conclusions help to understand the impacts of variable beamwidths on radio propagation.

Research on dynamic positioning of navigation system using K nearest neighbor algorithm and bayesian fusion based on visible light communication

This study presents a novel Bayesian-K Nearest Neighbor (B-KNN) fusion algorithm aimed at mitigating dynamic positioning errors in navigation systems that utilize visible light communication. The proposed fusion methodology leverages a fingerprint database constructed from the received signal strength data acquired by a mobile receiver. Through the selection of the nearest navigation path points for clustering and the utilization of a Bayesian algorithm with Gaussian fitting, the posterior probability of each cluster is computed to facilitate the prediction of the location of navigation path points via fingerprint matching. The results indicate that 89.8% of simulations exhibit a dynamic positioning error below 1 m within a 20 m×5 m×4 m model, achieving a success rate of 89.8%. Comparative analysis reveals that the B-KNN fusion algorithm enhances dynamic positioning accuracy by 68.3% while reducing computational overhead by approximately 48.3% in contrast to conventional KNN algorithms. Experimental assessments demonstrate that in scenarios involving ambient light interference within a 2 m×1 m×1.5 m model, the majority (95%) of dynamic positioning errors exceed 9 cm, with a significant portion surpassing 10 cm. Conversely, under conditions devoid of ambient light interference, only 4% of errors exceed 9 cm, with 14% falling below 5 cm, indicative of a marked 39.81% improvement in accuracy.

The method of successive approximations in the problem of trajectory control of observations for a multi-position measuring system with variable topology

Based on the method of successive Krylov-Chernousko approximations, a procedure for the synthesis of trajectory control of observations for a multi-position measuring system with a variable topology is obtained. Particular search procedures are applied sequentially to the trajectories of the corresponding mobile reception points. The method of successive approximations is implemented both with a partial update of the trajectory control law for observations of each of the IFR, and with a partial update of the topology during the transition from one mobile receiving point to another.

Iterative interference cancel in a channel and estimation of its parameters for the OFDM-systems

In mobile reception, the reliability of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is limited due to time-varying channel characteristics. This causes inter-channel interference (ICI) and increases the errors in tracking data transmitted over the channel. In this work, ICIs are simulated based on the study of the amplitudes’ derivatives of the signals in the channel. This made it possible to design a relatively simple receiver circuit that iteratively canceles the ICI. The structure of the proposed device noise reduction is aimed at ensuring maximum signal/(noise+ICI) at the input of the detector. A new method for estimating channel parameters is also proposed and it is shown that it provides reliable mobile reception in important practical situations that occur during the organization of terrestrial digital broadcasting DVB-T2. A large number of model experiments for a receiver with one or two antennas show that a small number of successive iterations of ICI suppression and proposed channel parameter estimation provide reliable reception at vehicle speeds above 100 km/h.

Far-Field Wireless Power Beaming to Mobile Receivers Using Distributed, Coherent Phased Arrays: A Review of the Critical Components of a Distributed Wireless Power Beaming System

Far-Field Wireless Power Beaming to Mobile Receivers Using Distributed, Coherent Phased Arrays: A Review of the Critical Components of a Distributed Wireless Power Beaming System

High Precision Positioning and Rotation Angle Estimation of a Flatbed Truck Based on BDS and Vision.

Centimeter-level localization and precise rotation angle estimation for flatbed trucks pose significant challenges in unmanned forklift automated loading scenarios. To address this issue, the study proposed a method for high-precision positioning and rotation angle estimation of flatbed trucks using the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and vision technology. First, an unmanned forklift equipped with a Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera and a dual-antenna mobile receiver for BDS positioning collected depth images and localization data near the front and rear endpoints of the flatbed. The Deep Dual-Resolution Network-23-slim (DDRNet-23-slim) model was used to segment the flatbed from the depth image and extract the straight lines at the edges of the flatbed using the Hough transform. The algorithm then computed the set of intersection points of the lines. A neighborhood feature vector was designed to identify the endpoint of a flatbed from a set of intersection points using feature screening. Finally, the relative coordinates of the endpoints were converted to a customized forklift navigation coordinate system by BDS positioning. A rotation angle estimation was then performed using the endpoints at the front and rear. Experiments showed that the endpoint positioning error was less than 3 cm, and the rotation angle estimation error was less than 0.3°, which verified the validity and reliability of the method.

Enhancing Urban Intersection Efficiency: Visible Light Communication and Learning-Based Control for Traffic Signal Optimization and Vehicle Management

This paper introduces a novel approach, Visible Light Communication (VLC), to optimize urban intersections by integrating VLC localization services with learning-based traffic signal control. The system enhances communication between connected vehicles and infrastructure using headlights, streetlights, and traffic signals to transmit information. Through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Infrastructure-to-Vehicle (I2V) interactions, joint data transmission and collection occur via mobile optical receivers. The goal is to reduce waiting times for pedestrians and vehicles, enhancing overall traffic safety by employing flexible and adaptive measures accommodating diverse traffic movements. VLC cooperative mechanisms, transmission range, relative pose concepts, and queue/request/response interactions help balance traffic flow and improve road network performance. Evaluation in the SUMO urban mobility simulator demonstrates advantages, reducing waiting and travel times for both vehicles and pedestrians. The system employs a reinforcement learning scheme for effective traffic signal scheduling, utilizing VLC-ready vehicles to communicate positions, destinations, and routes. Agents at intersections calculate optimal strategies, communicating to optimize overall traffic flow. The proposed decentralized and scalable approach, especially suitable for multi-intersection scenarios, showcases the feasibility of applying reinforcement learning in real-world traffic scenarios.

Experimental demonstration of indoor 3D optical wireless positioning and azimuth estimation using steerable line lasers

We present an indoor three-dimensional (3D) optical wireless positioning and azimuth estimation (OWPAE) scheme that utilizes steerable line lasers. This approach enables the simultaneous acquisition of precise 3D coordinate and azimuth of a mobile receiver without requiring a priori knowledge of the radiation pattern of the light source and photo-detector (PD) characteristics. Our work begins with an analysis of the feasibility of using line lasers for OWPAE. Subsequently, by leveraging the geometric relationship between two line lasers and a pair of PDs, we establish the OWPAE model, considering receiver tilt, and design the frame structure for conveying essential information. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed OWPAE scheme, we set up an experimental platform. Experimental results confirm that when the receiver is oriented upwards, the system accurately determines the receiver's location with a mean 3D positioning error of 6.3 cm and its azimuth with a mean azimuthal error of 2.8°. When the receiver tilts at a polar angle of 30°, the system remains effective, yielding a mean 3D positioning error of 8.3 cm and a mean azimuthal error of 5.6°.

Three‐dimensional geometry‐based channel modeling and simulations for reconfigurable intelligent surface‐assisted uav‐to‐ground MIMO communications

AbstractConsisting of a large number of passive reflectors, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has gained traction as an approach to enhance communication quality. The specular reflection assumption is common when ideal conditions are considered. In this paper, an anomalous‐reflector model was found for each RIS reflection unit, deviating from the specular reflector assumption, and the impacts of the aperture area and radiation pattern of the RIS reflecting elements are taken into account. A three‐dimensional (3D) geometry‐based RIS‐assisted channel model is proposed for stochastic multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐to‐ground communications. The RIS is deployed on an additional UAV in the proposed model, which assists the UAV transmitter for reflecting its own signals to the mobile receiver (MR) on the ground level, thereby boosting the quality of signal transmission. In order to achieve a perfect beam alignment towards the desired direction, the reflection phase is regulated by considering the propagation distances among UAV, RIS, and MR.

Adaptive Traffic Control Using Cooperative Communication Through Visible Light

The study aims to create a Visible-Light Communication (VLC) system for secure vehicle management at intersections. This involves enabling communication between vehicles and infrastructure (V2V, V2I, and I2V) using headlights, streetlights, and traffic signals. Mobile optical receivers gather data, determine their location, and read transmitted information through joint transmission. An intersection manager coordinates traffic and communicates with vehicles through embedded Driver Agents. The system utilizes a "mesh/cellular" hybrid network configuration and encodes data into light signals emitted by transmitters. Optical sensors and filtering properties enable reception and decoding. The study demonstrates bidirectional communication, employing queue/request/response mechanisms and relative pose concepts for safe vehicle passage. A deep reinforcement learning model controls traffic light cycles, validated via simulation in a Simulation of Urban Mobility simulator. Results show that this adaptive traffic control system effectively collects detailed vehicle data and ensures secure communication within the short-range mesh network.

Performance Enhancement via Real-time Image-based Beam Tracking for WA-OWC with Dynamic Waves and Mobile Receivers

Performance Enhancement via Real-time Image-based Beam Tracking for WA-OWC with Dynamic Waves and Mobile Receivers

Unlocking Traffic Control: Exploring Intersection Dynamics with Visible Light Communication

This paper introduces the use of Visible Light Communication (VLC) to enhance traffic signal efficiency and vehicle trajectory management at urban intersections. By integrating VLC localization with learning-based traffic signal control, a multi-intersection traffic system is proposed. VLC enables communication between connected vehicles and infrastructure through mobile optical receivers. The primary objectives are to reduce waiting times and improve overall traffic safety by accommodating diverse traffic movements during multiple signal phases. Cooperative mechanisms and queue/response interactions balance traffic flow between intersections, enhancing road network performance. A reinforcement learning scheme optimally schedules traffic signals, with agents at each intersection using VLC-enabled vehicle communication to improve traffic flow and overall system optimization. Evaluated using the SUMO urban mobility simulator, the system demonstrates reduced waiting and travel times. The decentralized and scalable nature of this approach highlights its potential applicability in real-world traffic scenarios.

Enhancing Urban Traffic Management with Visible Light Communication and Reinforcement Learning

This paper introduces Visible Light Communication (VLC) to enhance traffic signal efficiency and vehicle trajectory management at urban intersections. A multi-intersection traffic control system is proposed, integrating VLC localization services with learning-based traffic signal control. VLC facilitates communication between connected vehicles and infrastructure using headlights, streetlights, and traffic signals to transmit information. By leveraging vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) interactions, joint transmission and data collection are achieved via mobile optical receivers. The system aims to reduce waiting times for pedestrians and vehicles while improving overall traffic safety. It is designed to be flexible and adaptive, accommodating diverse traffic movements during multiple signal phases. VLC cooperative mechanisms, transmission range, relative pose concepts, and queue/request/response interactions help balance traffic flow between intersections, enhancing the overall road network performance.

Random forest regression for radiation pattern prediction of planar metasurface reflector antenna

This letter presents a novel random forest regression (RFR) based machine learning (ML) method for predicting the radiation properties of a planar metasurface reflector (PMSR) antenna. The extracted parameters of PMSR at 2.45 GHz serve as input for the RFR model for training on power flows and radiation properties. For comparison, an experiment with PMSR fed by the patch at d=0.6λ0 is performed to estimate the difference in the RFR and CST. The observed findings match the CST and RFR results, with minimal discrepancies in the E- and H-plane. This novel approach is valuable for determining antenna radiation properties in non-line-of-sight or misaligned receiver situations, providing a baseline study and design guide for lightweight, planar mobile reception reflector antennae.

PF-IBDA: Provably secure and pairing-free identity-based deniable authentication protocol for MANET environments

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is used in various real-time applications, such as e-voting, army tactical communication, health-care applications, disaster rescue, online message exchange, etc. However, source authentication and deniability are essential properties in such applications. Typically, these properties can be achieved using a deniable authentication (DA) protocol. With the help of a DA protocol, a mobile receiver node can directly verify the source, another mobile node, of a message without consulting a trusted third party (TTP). Recently, many identity-based deniable authentication (IBDA) protocols have been proposed. Most of these protocols are insecure and computationally expensive since they use costly operations, such as bilinear pairing and map-to-point hash function. We proposed a pairing-free identity-based deniable authentication (PF-IBDA) protocol for MANET environments. We proved that the PF-IBDA protocol could provide indistinguishability against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack (IND-CCA2) in the random oracle model (ROM) based on the hardness assumption of the elliptic curve computational Diffie–Hellman (ECCDH) problem. We have computed the execution time of PF-IBDA protocol in different security levels: 80-bit, 112-bit, 128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit on a mobile device using the JPBC library and compared it with the state-of-the-art IBDA protocols. We found that the proposed PF-IBDA protocol is more efficient than the existing IBDA protocols.

Characterization of acoustic detection efficiency using an unmanned surface vessel as a mobile receiver platform

Studies involving acoustic telemetry typically use stationary acoustic receivers arranged in an array or grid. Unmanned surface vehicle (USV)-based mobile receivers offer advantages over the latter approach: the USV can be programmed to autonomously carry a receiver to and from target locations, more readily adapting to a survey’s spatial scope and scale. This work examines the acoustic detection performance of a low-cost USV developed as a flexible sensing platform. The USV was fitted with an acoustic receiver and operated over multiple waypoints set at increasing distances from the transmitter in two modes: drifting and station-keeping. While drifting, the USV was allowed to drift from the waypoint; while station-keeping, the USV used its thruster to hold position. Detection performance of the USV was similar to that of stationary receivers while drifting, but significantly worse while station-keeping. Noise from the USV thruster was hypothesized as a potential cause of poor detection performance during station-keeping. Detection performance varied with the depth of the tethered receiver such that detection range was greater during the deepest (4.6 m) trials than during shallower (1.1 and 2.9 m) trials. These results provide insight and guidance on how a USV can be best used for acoustic telemetry, namely, navigating to a planned waypoint, drifting and lowering the receiver to a desired depth for listening, and then navigating to the next waypoint.

Effective UAV Navigation for Cellular-Assisted Radio Sensing, Imaging, and Tracking

The paper develops a new cellular-assisted radio surveillance and tracking technique with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) being the mobile receiver and a static cellular ground base station (BS) being the illuminating source. Under the proposed framework, the resolution of the radio surveillance and imaging depends critically on the relative positions (or geometry) between the UAV, BS and target, as well as the instantaneous motions of the UAV and target. A novel UAV navigation law is developed to guarantee that after some time, the range resolution, the azimuth resolution and the distance between the UAV and the moving target will be below some given upper limits. Its mathematically rigorous analysis is presented. Simulations demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed navigation law.

MSA-SDMN: multicast source authentication scheme for multi-domain software defined mobile networks

ABSTRACT Multicast services provide an efficient way of conserving resources and reducing network traffic for multicast senders. However, ensuring security, particularly source authentication, is crucial for applications such as online news, IPTV, video streaming, and stock quote distribution. Previous research efforts have attempted to provide source authentication for multicast applications, but they often struggle to handle the dynamic nature of multicast mobile receivers and multi-domain networks. This paper provides an analysis of research conducted over 22 years on source authentication mechanisms with non-repudiation. Most of these mechanisms fail to address the dynamic nature of mobile users and multi-domain networks. To address this issue, a new multicast source authentication scheme for multi-domain Software Defined Mobile Networks (SDMN) is proposed. This approach uses the global view of the controller in SDMN to operate in dynamic environments, provide non-repudiation, and tolerate packet loss. Simulation results indicate that the proposed mechanism uses resources efficiently, reduces communication and delay overhead, and performs well in multi-domain and dynamic networks.

Detection and ISI mitigation in mobile molecular communication system for targeted drug delivery

This paper proposes a targeted drug delivery system based on mobile molecular communication (MMC). The system consists of a mobile transmitter and a mobile reactive receiver. The transmitter can sense the required drug concentration and send commands to the receiver for drug delivery in the extracellular fluid (ECF). The commands are sent in the form of bits and the received signal is prone to noise and inter-symbol interference (ISI). Hence, at the receiver, two detection techniques, differential amplitude detector (DAD) and differential energy detector (DED) with ISI mitigation are proposed for MMC. Manchester-coded bits are transmitted using modified concentration shift keying (MCSK). In the proposed detection mechanism, an adaptive threshold technique is used for estimating the number of signaling molecules using the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) rule. Further in each bit interval, dynamic distance estimation, signal reconstruction, and ISI mitigation are performed. Particle-based simulation for reactive receiver is also carried out to validate the results. A low bit error rate (BER) in the MMC system signifies the promising performance of the drug delivery system.