Mobile Phone Devices Research Articles

Applying Mobile Technology to Address Gender-Based Violence in Rural Nigeria: Experiences and Perceptions of Users and Stakeholders

ABSTRACT This paper documents the results of an intervention conducted in Nigeria to test the effectiveness of a mobile phone technology, text4life, in enabling women to self-report gender-based violence (GBV). Women experiencing GBV and other challenges related to sexual and reproductive health and rights were requested to use their mobile phones to text a code to a central server. In turn, the server relayed the messages to trained nearby health providers and civil society organization (CSO) officials who reached out to provide health care and social management services to the callers. Interviews were conducted with some callers, health care providers, and CSO staff to explore their experiences with the device. The interviews and data from the server were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicate that over a 27-month period, 3,403 reports were received by the server, 34.9% of which were reporting GBV. While interviewees perceived that a large proportion of the women were satisfied with the use of text4life, and many received medical treatment and psychological care, the consensus opinion was that many women reporting GBV did not wish to pursue police or legal action. This was due to women’s perceptions that there would be negative cultural and social backlash should they pursue civil punishments for their partners. We conclude that a mobile phone device can be used effectively to report GBV in low-resource settings. However, the device would be more useful if it contributes to equitable primary prevention of GBV, rather than secondary prevention measures.

Diagnostic QR Codes

This work describes the development of a revolutionary new class of universal perception-based sensor capable of diagnosing a wide range of diseases, and compatible with low-cost mass production. This sensor takes the form of an array of fluorescent, environmentally sensitive single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), resembling a conventional two dimensional QR code. Each group of pixels of the QR code is formed from carbon nanotubes with different surface functionalisation and different environmental sensitivity. Addition of an analyte such as serum causes each pixel to change its fluorescence, generating a unique spectral ‘fingerprint’ characteristic for each disease. A machine-learning approach is then trained to identify the disease based on their corresponding fingerprint.The basic principle of this technology has been previously described by the Heller Lab for the detection of ovarian cancer, but exclusively in a microplate-based format which requires extensive liquid handling. Translating this technology into a microarray format offers a number of significant advantages, including easier handling, lower production cost, less training required for operation, simpler read-out system that can be based on mobile phone devices and the ability to simultaneously screen for multiple diseases. In this way, this technology advances beyond the current state of the art of SWCNT-based sensors. In a microarray format, hundreds of nanotube assemblies can be analysed simultaneously.By creating an array of sufficient complexity, we hope to remove the need to tailor an array for a specific disease that act as a universal platform for diagnosis of a range of different diseases. This format also significantly lowers the number of necessary sample handling steps, reducing the potential for user error and the amount of training necessary to employ the sensor. Figure 1

Accumulation of Microbial Contamination on Keyboards and Mobile Phone Devices in the University Community

Accumulation of Microbial Contamination on Keyboards and Mobile Phone Devices in the University Community

Pattern of Mobile Phone Use in Children Diagnosed with Neuro-Developmental Disorders: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study

Background: Digital technologies including mobile phone device have progressively become an integral part of the life of children and adolescents for communication as well as learning and playing. According to some authors, the use of mobile device constitutes a “passive” behavior or one-way communication, which takes the child away from other more useful learning processes.Objectives: To evaluate the pattern of mobile device use in children with Neurodevelopmental disorders in Bangladesh.Methods: This retrospective cross sectional type of study was conducted at Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from November 2022 to April 2023. Children aged 1-5 year with neurodevelopmental disorders eg; ASD, ADHD, Isolated speech delay, Epilepsy, GDD were selected and enrolled in this study. Then children were assessed thoroughly by taking detailed history and physical examination. Neurodevelopmental assessment was done by Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment (RNDA). In confirmed cases, parents were asked retrogradely regarding the pattern of use mobile phone of their child. Data were collected in pre-designed structured questionnaire after taking approval of Institutional review board. An informed written consent was taken from the parents or the legal guardians.Results: Total 100 children were included. Male were outnumbered (71%) than female. Isolated speech delay was the commonest neurodevelopmental disorder (33%) followed by ASD. Average screen used time were about 3-5 hours of one-third children (38%). Majority of the parents (42.4%) were involved in their household work at the time of mobile use. More than half of the children (57.8%) use mobile phone for watching cartoon. About 50% parents believe that mobile phone having decremental effect on child’s brain development. Maternal mobile was the prime source (65.5%) for using mobile device. Conclusion: Isolated speech delay was the most commonly encountered neurodevelopmental disorder in this study. Average screen used time were about 3-5 hours for one-third studied children. More than half of the neurodevelopmental disordered children use mobile phone for watching cartoon. About half of the parents belief that mobile device have definite decremental effects on child’s brain development.

The effects of reverse logistics on organizational performance of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies: A case study in the Ashanti region of Ghana

There is a growing concern on how pharmaceutical products are managed in the market when they are damaged or reach end of life. As the society becomes informed, Pharmaceutical industries are experiencing the challenge of complying with many regulatory requirements from various regulatory institutions. Reverse logistics sometimes referred to as “product-take-back” is seen as one of the concepts as the wider concept of green supply chain management that can possibly address this problem. The study seeks to examine the effects of reverse logistics on organizational performance in the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies in Ashanti region. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to obtain empirical evidence to help address the existing gap. The study considered all Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies in the region and therefore census sampling was done. The study sample consisted of 30 managers of Pharmaceutical industries. Thirty (30) top managers of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. With the aid of the Open Data Kit (ODK) software designed for Android OS, data was collected using mobile phone device. The results indicated that reverse logistics forms part of the strategic positions of most pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Kumasi (83.3%), and it has a positive effect on performance (r=0.44, p=0.015). Assurance of information quality systems (r=0.60, p=0.00) and promotion of collaboration among the actors of the supply chain (r=0.74, p=0.00) have positive effect on the performance of pharmaceutical companies. To ensure higher returns on investment in pharmaceutical manufacturing companies, stakeholders should encourage and welcome efforts that seek to guarantee and foster information quality systems, collaboration among supply chain actors, and the adoption of reverse logistics systems.

Implementasi Game Tebak Gambar Binatang Berbasis Android Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini

The increasingly rapid development of technology, especially mobile phone devices has targeted all groups, including young children aged 3 to 5 years, so like it or not,parents have to supervise their children. But in reality, technology cannot be avoided. As a parent, the most important thing right now is how to ensure that the mobile devices playing with children can be handled well and have a positive impact on their children, although supervision is still needed. Supervision of children who are already at school cannot be carried out continuously. At school, parents can only expect for the teachers as their second parents. Teachers as educators must be able to provide understanding to Kindergarten children, thus the use of cellphones can be used for positive things, one of which is by providing mobile game-based learning media. The problem is that there are only a few mobile applications in the form of games that provide simple learning media for Kindergarten children. Through this service, an Android-based educational game of animal picture guessing will be designed and developed as a learning medium for children aged 3-5 years. To determine the impact of implementing the application, implementation and testing were carried out, where the average System Usability Scale (SUS) score from 15 respondents was 88.33, and when referring to the usability scale value range it can be concluded that the animal picture guessing game that has been developed falls into the category acceptable or well accepted with a fairly significant impact category. Meanwhile the functionality also meets the needs of its users.

Strava Metro Data

The widespread adoption of mobile phone and other location-tracking devices, and the enormous amounts of data they produce, has provided municipalities with the opportunity to automate previously time-consuming and labour-intensive data collection processes. Municipal planners, in particular, have begun to integrate the aggregated data sets of private urban technology platforms into active transportation and broader infrastructure planning initiatives. To date, however, there has been limited research on the implications of this integration for municipal decision-making and governance processes. Using the Strava Metro data stream and its free-access model as a case study, this paper explores both the motivations behind municipal adoption of the Strava platform and the benefits that accrue from its usage. Through the application of a mixed methods approach, including the building of a use case database via a search of internet and academic literature sources and qualitative interviews with municipal planning staff, our research examines how Strava data is used to support the work of municipal planners and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of that use. Our study finds that Strava Metro data aided municipal staff in the planning of cycling and pedestrian infrastructure, complementing available in-house data sets; helped spur new active transportation initiatives; and enabled innovation and professional curiosity on the part of planners. The paper concludes by exploring the ramifications of Strava data for community wellness and broader public realm improvements, as well as extending a discussion with respect to the platform’s sociodemographic representativeness and related limitations.

Evaluating features of mobile phone technology needed to access library services in Mount Kenya University library in Kenya

With library automation already done in all libraries in mount Kenya university, installed library management system, provision of e-book reader (kindles) and user and library staff training all provide ample platform for use of library materials via mobile phone devices. Since the introduction of Kindles and use of MPT to access and utilize library services in MKU libraries, no study has been done to determine the effectiveness of this technology. Therefore, this study and its recommendation come handy in order to improve library service delivery using MPT. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the use of mobile phone technology in accessing library information materials at Mount Kenya University. The target population was 39452 where a sample of 395 was selected. In this study, questionnaires were used to collect data. Four campuses were purposively sampled due to their established library automation and library management system providing the platform that can support library access via Mobile Phone Technology. Data collected through questionnaires was cleaned, edited, coded before it was entered into the statistical software for analysis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for analyzing the collected data. Based on research findings, it could be right to say that despite challenges of power outages, internet instability and other factors identified above, mobile phone devices have required features to support access to reference services, checking in/out, indexing and abstracting, conducting current awareness to users, doing selective dissemination of information, executing interlibrary loaning and providing special services to special people.

PENGARUH TELEHEALTH TERHADAP PENGENDALIAN TEKANAN DARAH

Hypertension is a chronic condition that attacks adults of all ages. Having an effective method or way to manage this condition is the key to successful treatment of hypertension. The design of this research is a cohort study that examines data on hypertensive patients obtained from health service databases. The research took place in October until December 2021. The inclusion criteria in this study were adults (≥45 years) with prehypertension and hypertension, residing in rural areas. An assessment was carried out on respondents who could access the telehealth application at home, and it was validated for monitoring blood pressure using mobile phone or other device with an internet connection that allows monitoring from the respondent's home and telehealth services. Respondents were asked to fill in the results of blood pressure measurements. Based on the results, 55 respondents (100%) carried out data collection. Linear regression analysis found an average reduction in systolic blood pressure of 19.2 mmHg. Respondents in the decreasing systolic blood pressure group had a higher frequency of self-measured blood pressure monitoring (OR = 0.85; 95% CI= 0.81 - 0.89; p = 0.002) than other patients. The use of telehealth at home combined with care management by health workers is considered effective in improving blood pressure control in hypertensive patients.

Frequency Survey of Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Cell Phones in General Population in Tehran, Iran

Background: Mobile smart phones have become increasingly integrated into the daily lives of individuals in society. Recent studies indicated the considerable role of these devices as reservoirs for various micro-organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the prev­alence of microbiological contamination of mobile phones in general population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a large sample of mobile phones of gen­eral population Tehran in 2015. Samples for culture were collected from mobile phones and transported for microbiological identification based on standard laboratory methods. Results: Bacteriological analysis revealed that in total of 5220 sample retrieved, 5180 (98.9%) mobile phone devices were contaminated with bacteria. The most common microorganisms that were isolated include: Staphylococcus epidermidis (63.9), Escherichia coli (12.3%) and Staphylo­coccus aureus (11.4%). Conclusion: The prevalence of mobile phone contamination is high in general population in Tehran. Although most of the isolated organisms seemed to be non-patho­genic, their colonization may endanger certain populations particularly in health care settings. [GMJ.2016;5(2):70-74]

Smart cement for fire alarms and indoor climate control

Fire alarms in buildings are essential for safety. However, due to the poor conductivity of cement, it remains a challenge to detect fire without the assistance of other monitoring equipment. In this study, a fire alarm cement composite containing expandable graphite, carbon fiber, and ordinary Portland cement that can achieve ultrasensitive temperature monitoring and indoor climate control in a building is developed. Homogeneously distributed expandable graphite in this smart cement rapidly expands under high temperatures, forming new electrically conductive pathways. This results in excellent temperature sensing performance, with a temperature coefficient of resistance of − 0.467 %/°C in the range of 220 °C–400 °C. The smart cement can be easily integrated into a building to transmit a fire alert to a computer, mobile phone, or visual alarm device in a timely manner. Furthermore, this smart cement exhibits higher flexural strength in harsh environments compared to ordinary cement. This smart cement exhibits potential to considerably broaden cement applications and be highly desirable for next-generation smart building materials.

Patient perspectives of artificial intelligence as a medical device in a skin cancer pathway.

The use of artificial intelligence as a medical device (AIaMD) in healthcare systems is increasing rapidly. In dermatology, this has been accelerated in response to increasing skin cancer referral rates, workforce shortages and backlog generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence regarding patient perspectives of AIaMD is currently lacking in the literature. Patient acceptability is fundamental if this novel technology is to be effectively integrated into care pathways and patients must be confident that it is implemented safely, legally, and ethically. A prospective, single-center, single-arm, masked, non-inferiority, adaptive, group sequential design trial, recruited patients referred to a teledermatology cancer pathway. AIaMD assessment of dermoscopic images were compared with clinical or histological diagnosis, to assess performance (NCT04123678). Participants completed an online questionnaire to evaluate their views regarding use of AIaMD in the skin cancer pathway. Two hundred and sixty eight responses were received between February 2020 and August 2021. The majority of respondents were female (57.5%), ranged in age between 18 and 93 years old, Fitzpatrick type I-II skin (81.3%) and all 6 skin types were represented. Overall, there was a positive sentiment regarding potential use of AIaMD in skin cancer pathways. The majority of respondents felt confident in computers being used to help doctors diagnose and formulate management plans (median = 70; interquartile range (IQR) = 50-95) and as a support tool for general practitioners when assessing skin lesions (median = 85; IQR = 65-100). Respondents were comfortable having their photographs taken with a mobile phone device (median = 95; IQR = 70-100), which is similar to other studies assessing patient acceptability of teledermatology services. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study evaluating patient perspectives of AIaMD in skin cancer pathways in the UK. Patient involvement is essential for the development and implementation of new technologies. Continued end-user feedback will allow refinement of services to ensure patient acceptability. This study demonstrates patient acceptability of the use of AIaMD in both primary and secondary care settings.

Bilingual randomized controlled trial design, of a telephone-based intervention to promote rehabilitation adherence; A study focus on recruitment of Hispanic children with traumatic brain injury

BackgroundWhile Hispanic children experience large long-term disparities in disability after traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), there is a gap in evidenced-based interventions to improve outcomes among this rapidly growing and at high-risk population. We developed and pilot tested a bilingual/bicultural intervention informed by Hispanic families consisting of Brain Injury Education and outpatient Navigation (1st BIEN). It integrates bilingual in-person education enriched by video content delivered through mobile phone devices, with outpatient navigation by bilingual and bicultural navigators during transitions of care and school return. MethodsRandomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of 1st BIEN to maintain long-term adherence to rehabilitation and determine its effect on children's functional outcomes. The primary outcome is treatment adherence at 6 months post-discharge at centralized acute facilities and community providers. Secondary outcomes are functional status of the child using PROMIS parental report measures and parental health literacy, self-efficacy, and mental health; measured at baseline (pre-injury and discharge) 3-,6- and 12- months post discharge. Children's academic performance is assessed using school records the year before and the year after injury. DiscussionOur study evaluates a novel, flexible and scalable approach using mobile phone devices to aid transitions of care, increase treatment adherence and improve TBI outcomes. It addresses the needs of an understudied population and builds upon their strengths. It is implemented by a bilingual and bicultural team with a deep understanding of the study population. It can serve as a model for TBI family centered interventions for at risk groups.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.govNCT05261477. Registered on March 2, 2022.

E-Learning Engagements of Pre-Service Education Students

This study aimed to ascertain the e-learning engagements of selected Pre-service Education students in online distance learning and determined whether the e-learning engagements vary based on the student’s profile variables. The study group of the survey comprised 275 first to third-year students of BSED-Sciences, BTVTED and BSED-Mathematics enrolled at Surigao State College of Technology (SSCT), City Campus. A researchers-made questionnaire was used, validated and tested for reliability using Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient with (α=0.85) for the entire scale (20 items). Distribution of web-based questionnaires through Google Forms followed. The data collected were treated using frequency, percentage count, mean, standard deviation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). A descriptive survey research design was also employed. Study results indicated that the behavioral, social, cognitive, and technological engagements of the students were generally positive. Particularly, social engagement rated very high with a mean score of 2.97 (SD=0.53) meanwhile, technological engagement rated a lowest mean value of 2.71 (SD=0.55) signifying that students’ e-learning engagement is lesser as unstable internet connection was found to be the main technological problem which caused students to get frequent absences during online classes. Additionally, mobile phone devices revealed to be the most useful ICT tool to assist students’ in managing the online learning system. Moreover, the e-learning engagements were found not to vary based on students’ sex and family income. However, students’ age, year level, program and specialization and gadgets used in modular and online classes made a significant difference which shows that the profile differences of Pre-service education students contribute a direct effect towards their online learning engagement. Implications from the results recommend a need to sustain social interaction between stakeholders, increased students’ online resources and community support by provision of learners’ online learning demands.

Digital Media and Media literacy. An Analysis of the Contribution and Effect of social media in Media Literacy

In today’s digital world every one is significantly involved in consuming media content with their interest and intent. Now it is proven that most of the time we are accessing the media content through mobile phone or other handy devices through several applications and websites. According to one survey an average kindergartener can access 70 media messages everyday and teens are using one-third of the day in media messages.[1] India is world’s second-largest population and second-largest digital market which is growing drastically in both urban and rural areas. Now India has more than 500 million Internet users and over 450 million smartphone users and one in every three people is consuming video content online. Affordable and easy access to technology and the growth of regional language usage in media content is wonderfully mix the early and new Internet users, which make this market ripe for opportunity in digital media content.[2] India is a 2nd largest number of internet users in the world.[3] As a result a large number of population is shifting towards online and digital platform and it may possible that population is not that much media literate to analyze the critically think on the dissemination and consumption of media message. So this has become necessary to critically insight the term, types and effect of media literacy.

Antecedents of Attitude of Mobile Phone Users towards Short Messaging Service (SMS) Advertising in Eswatini

This study determined the effect of antecedents of attitudes of mobile phone uses towards short messaging service advertising in Eswatini. Two hypotheses: the informativeness of SMS significantly influence attitudes towards SMS advertising, and the entertainment nature of SMS’ significantly influences attitudes toward SMS advertising were tested. A cross-sectional design for the study was selected. The use of cross-sectional design is supported by Levin (2006), Wang and Cheng (2020), Zangirolami-Raimundo, Echeimberg, and Leone (2018) who advance that cross-sectional research design collects data at one point in time and enhances the establishment of preliminary evidence for future studies. The study adopted a non-probability sampling technique, targeting 500 Facebook users. To collect data, a research instrument(questionnaire) was administered using a digital survey, whereby a digital link was sent to Facebook users. To test for reliability, the study constructed a reliability analysis test to ascertain the presence of internal consistency. Informativeness, and entertainment reliability coefficients were found to be higher than 0.7 which indicates the existence of high internal consistency, and the overall reliability coefficient indicates an acceptable (0.834) internal consistency across all the variables when combined. The Analysis of variation was used to ascertain whether informativeness and entertainment were significant predictors of attitudes towards SMS advertising. The results from the ANOVA output revealed that informativeness and entertainment have a significant influence on mobile phone users’ attitudes towards SMS advertising (F(2, 154)=12.602, p=.000). The study concludes that SMS advertising is a credible route to convey entertainment news via mobile phone devices. In essence, mobile phone consumers' attitudes towards SMS advertising are mainly dependent on entertainment nature of SMS adverts contained in a message, which further implies that mobile phone consumers are enticed by entertainment mature of SMS advertisements

Incidence of Text Neck Syndrome and Assessment of knowledge on Text Neck Syndrome among young adults in a selected community at Kothamangalam, Ernakulam District, Kerala

Text neck syndrome is charactrised by pain in the neck, pain in the muscles of the neck and shoulder, and may even involve a degeneration of the bones, joints, or spinal discs in the neck. This becomes a problem when injury around the neck area happens over and over again through the use of mobile phone or other electronic devices over a long period of time. A study was conducted with an objective of identifying the incidence of Text neck syndrome among 50 young adults and their knowledge regarding the condition by using a questionnaire. Sample was selected by non probability sampling – purposive sampling technique and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Study results show Majority of the sample (58%) had good knowledge and 32% had average knowledge regarding Text Neck Syndrome. There was subjects who show the clinical manifestations of text neck syndrome such as postural abnormality (8%) and neck pain (8%). It was also noted an association of knowledge on text neck syndrome with selected demographic variables such as gender, educational status and monthly income (p<0.05).

Exploratory research on the impact of Mysejahtera application on to the elderly based on user experience

The number of smartphone users in Malaysia is predicted to rise by 1.74 million by 2025, owing to the country’s expanding population. According to Statista (2021), in a survey on smartphone ownership, only 30% of respondents aged 65 and up have a smartphone. However, the researcher shall overview an increasing number of elderly individuals interacting with digital technology during the Covid-19 pandemic. The problem statement has been found in other scholars stating that most people over the age of 60 use mobile phones for minimal purposes, such as calling or SMS in emergencies (Coates. H, 2001). Most complaints are related to displays that are too small and difficult to see, buttons and characters being too small, causing them to push wrong numbers frequently (Hassan. H et al., 2014). Based on previous literature, the problems faced by the elderly using mobile phones are form factors and user interface (UI.) of mobile phone devices such as rubbery buttons, small screen display, small buttons, colors, backlighting, and text characters for viewing (Md Nasir et al.,2008). In this research, the researcher will conduct an exploratory study on the impact of the MySejahtera Application on the elderly. As we know, the elderly have severe difficulty with sight vision and other effects. Thus, the interface design and navigability with the information presented on the screen, and the number of functions, are amongst factors that make smartphone adoption difficult for the elderly. On the other hand, this research aims to determine or discuss UI/UX recommendations focused on elderly users. The outcome of this research will benefit the elderly in Malaysia as a developing country in terms of technological utilization.

Spam SMS Prediction Using Machine Learning

Abstract: As the popularity of mobile phone devices has increased, Short Message Service (SMS) has grown into a multi-billion dollars industry. At the same time, reduction in the cost of messaging services has resulted in growth in unsolicited commercial advertisements (spams) being sent to mobile phones. In parts of Asia, up to 30% of text messages were spam in 2012. Lack of real databases for SMS spams, short length of messages and limited features, and their informal language are the factors that may cause the established email filtering algorithms to underperform in their classification. In this project, a dataset of real SMS Spams from UCI Machine Learning repository is used, and after pre-processing and vectorization, different machine learning algorithms are applied to the dataset. Finally, the results are compared and the best algorithm for spam filtering for text messaging is introduced and converted into an open-source website. The SMS spam collection set is used for testing the method. After collecting the various supervised learning algorithms, we find that the Multinomial Naïve Bayes algorithm gives us 97.1% Accuracy and 100% Precision

Development of Wearable Embedded Hybrid Powered Energy Sources for Mobile Phone Charging System

Mobile phones are an essential part of our day to day living. The increased reliance on mobile phone devices for communication, information sharing, connectivity and entertainment calls for a greater need to keep this device in a functional condition at all times. The epileptic nature of utility power supply, non-accessibility to power in remote locations and affordability of power due to high tariffs calls for a relative option to maintain connectivity of mobile phones. This research proposes to develop wearable embedded powered energy sources for charging mobile phones as a backup for instant and seamless charging of the phone battery once it drains. Our research addresses the inability of mobile phone users to charge their flatten phone batteries conveniently and seamlessly anytime and anywhere they find themselves. The hybrid powered charging system has the ability to harvest dissipated heat within the body of the phone and heat sources from the environment using an energy harvester, alongside the second energy source provided by the solar panel. The energy harvester will serve as a cooling measure to the device to maintain a stable temperature. The entire embedded device not only serves as an alternative power supply but also a protective covering to the mobile phone.