Mobile Phase Toluene Research Articles

Quantitative Thin Layer Chromatography Analysis, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Polyherbal Formulation (Ammarit-Osot) Extracts

This study was carried out to develop a TLC method for quantifying one of bioactive, piperine, from polyherbal formulation (Ammarit-Osot) extracts. The extracts were prepared by different solvents such as methanol (ME) and water (WE). The mobile phase of toluene:acetone:formic acid (7:2:1, v/v/v) was used for separation. The calibration curve showed a good linearity (r2 = 0.9972) in the range of 50 – 500 ng/spot. This assay was assessed by intra-and interday precision (RSD 0.25 – 2.49%), and accuracy (101.05 – 101.56 %). The piperine content was found to be 23.06 ± 0.06 and 0.44 ± 0.03% w/w for ME and WE, respectively. Both ME and WE demonstrated significant activity in DPPH and FRAP assays, indicating their antioxidant potential. The TPC of ME and WE were 53.40 ± 2.21 and 101.18 ± 0.46 (mg GAE/g extract), respectively. The TFC of ME and WE were 43.35 ± 3.94 and 25.31 ± 1.74 (mg catechin/g extract), respectively. In addition, the cytotoxicity of extracts on RAW264.7 was investigated by MTT assay. The ME and piperine showed IC50 with 162.40 ± 7.84 and 115.68 ± 11.96 µg/mL, respectively. While the WE exhibited low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 1,000 µg/mL), the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by LPS-stimulated NO overproduction. The ME and piperine displayed the ability to inhibit NO production, but WE not inhibited. The results indicated that the different solvent extracts of Ammarit-Osot have the potential to be antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulate agent.

Enhancing simultaneous determination of some angiotensin II receptor antagonists and amlodipine in plasma using HPTLC with fluorescence densitometry: Independent fluorescence detection of the co-administrative drugs in the mixture across various pH conditions

A novel and highly sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed and validated to quantify a combination of five pharmaceutical mixtures spiked to human plasma. The compounds comprised Amlodipine (AML) along with five angiotensin II receptor antagonist drugs (AIIRAs), namely Olmesartan (OLM), Telmisartan (TLM), Candesartan (CAN), Losartan (LOS), and Irbesartan (IRB). HPTLC was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates using a mobile phase of Toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: acetone: acetic acid (6:1.5:1:0.5:1, v/v/v/v/v). In a pioneering move, a reflectance/fluorescence detection mode was employed to identify two concurrently administered drugs at different pH levels for the first time. This method utilized the same chromatographic system, incorporating a specific measurement for AML at a neutral medium to achieve its maximum fluorescence at a 360 nm excitation wavelength, and measuring emission using a 540 nm optical filter. The process involved obtaining a very low fluorescence response from AIIRA. Subsequently, to enhance AIIRA’s fluorescence, the plate was sprayed with perchloric acid to transition to a strong acidic medium, ultimately attaining the maximum fluorescence of AIIRA using various excitation wavelengths and a 400 nm emission filter. Through this strategic process, we could optimize the fluorescence signals of both drugs, thereby elevating the sensitivity of detection for this drug combination. AML demonstrated a linear range of 18–300 ng/band, while AIIRAs drugs exhibited a linear range of 6–150 ng/band. The method satisfied the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) criteria for recovery, precision, repeatability, and robustness, showcasing exceptional sensitivity. The approach was successfully applied to quantify AML and AIIRAs drugs in both bulk drug and plasma samples, achieving high recovery percentages and minimal standard deviations.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory activity of the Terpenoidal fraction of Ethanolic extract of Byttneria herbacea

The goal of this study was to identify the bioactive principle of the plant Byttneria herbacea (Malvaceae) which has a wide range of traditional therapeutic uses.Column chromatography was used to separate the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of the plant with mobile phase Chloroform: Methanol (5:5). The fraction with Rf 0.62 on TLC with mobile phase Toluene:Ethyl acetate (85:15) imparting bluish color under UV 254 nm was giving the test of Terpenoids. The same fraction was assessed for Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory activity.Antioxidant activity was performed by measuring the decolourizing activity followed by capturing the unpaired electron from the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and compared it with the standard anti-oxidant Gallic acid. To test anti-inflammatory activity in an experimental model of acute inflammation, the carrageenan-induced in rat paw edema method was employed.The antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory activities of the Terpenoid fraction were found to be satisfactory.

Phytochemical Investigation of Alysicarpus vaginalis by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry and High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography

Introduction: Alysicarpus vaginalis belongs to the Fabaceae family, commonly known as buffalo clover and one-leaf clover. Alysicarpus vaginalis is medicinally used in disease-related kidney, diuretics, leprosy, pulmonary problems, jaundice, skin problems, respiratory difficulties, and as a hepatoprotective. Alysicarpus vaginalis is a medicinally important plant according to our review of literature on pharmacological activities, modern pharmacological activities, ethnomedicinal surveys, and traditional systems. However, very limited research related to phytochemical investigation by chromatographic techniques was studied. Methods: So, to investigate the phytochemicals of Alysicarpus vaginalis methanol extract by High-performance thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Result: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, and tannins. GC-MS revealed, the presence of six out of nine phytochemicals found medicinally important. 4-O-Methylmannose, Undecane, Neophytadiene, 2-amino-5-[(2-carboxy) vinyl]- Imidazole, Lup-20(29)-en-3-one and stigmasterol are some of the important phytochemical useful as anticancer or as anti-inflammatory. A solvent system was developed by thin-layer chromatography, followed by the HPTLC analysis using the mobile phase toluene: methanol: ethyl acetate (7:3:1). High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting detected total of 8 peaks with Rf value of 0.007, 0.089, 0.142, 0.211, 0.468, 0.585, 0.772, and 0885 at 254nm and total of 9 peaks with Rf value of 0.007, 0.089, 0.140, 0.208, 0.468, 0.661, 0.772, 0887, and 0.940 at 366nm, respectively. Conclusion: Chemoprofiling by sophisticated spectral techniques such as GC-MS and HPTLC fingerprinting can serve as an important tool for quality control of assuring purity, safety, quality, and efficacy of herbal formulation, and herbal extracts from Alysicarpus vaginalis.

Pharmacognostic study and preliminary phytochemical investigation of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees

Andrographis paniculata (family –Acanthaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant with branches that grows up to a height of 50-150 cm in moist, shaded areas. Its stem is abruptly quadrangular, heavily branched, and has a delicate texture that is readily broken. It is found in Southeast Asia, tropical and subtropical Asia, and a few other nations like Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Caribbean islands, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand etc. It is widely used in different traditional medicinal systems or countries for medicinal purposes by the traditional practitioners, tribes or community as a folklore remedies. The present communication provides a detailed account of the pharmacognostic study carried out on various parts of the Andrographis paniculata. The study includes macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopic studies, physicochemical tests, preliminary phytochemical screening, development of HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) fingerprints profile and heavy metal tests. Physicochemical parameters were performed and found average values of three parts (root, stem and leaf) such as root loss on drying at 1050C 4.93% w/w, total ash value 10.16% w/w, acid insoluble ash value 0.21% w/w, alcohol soluble extractive value 13.98% w/w and water soluble extractive value 25.77%w/w. Stem loss on drying at 1050C 6.23% w/w, total ash value 6.88% w/w, acid insoluble ash value 0.25% w/w, alcohol soluble extractive value 18.46% w/w and water soluble extractive value 21.94%w/w and leaf loss on drying at 1050C was found 6.29% w/w, total ash value 7.30% w/w, acid insoluble ash value 0.13% w/w, alcohol soluble extractive value 21.93% w/w and water soluble extractive value 38.68%w/w. HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) fingerprints profile of methanolic extract was done by using mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate (7:3). Andrographolide and Ferullic acid standard markers were applied, major spots Rf values with colour were recorded before derivatization at 254nm. Rf values are 0.25 black, leaf, stem and root with Andrographolide standard marker, and 0.20 light black color of stem, and root with Ferullic acid standard marker. Andrographolide is higher present in leaf which was range from 1.51-162 than the stem range1.46-153 and root range 1.45-1.150, while Ferulic acid was higher present in stem range from 0.91-0.96 than root 0.76-0.82 but absent in leaf. Heavy metals i.e Pb, Cd, As, & Hg were tested and found under WHO limits Established parameters can be used as standards for quality control and identification of the plant in herbal compound formulations and also preparation of a monograph of the plant.

Aloe-emodin Quantification using HPTLC and RP-UHPLC in Extracts and Commercial Herbal Formulations: Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Effects.

High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was developed and validated for the determination of aloe-emodin in accordance with ICH guidelines. In addition, a novel RP-UHPLC method was developed, and both methods were used to analyse the herbal extract and herbal formulation. Separation was carried out on a silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plate using the mobile phase Toluene: Methanol (9:1). The linearity was good across the 800-4000 ng/spot range. Validation results are within acceptable limits. The percent RSD for accuracy was 0.58-1.77, and precision was 1.10-1.97 and 1.45-1.94 for intraday and interday, respectively. The percentage of aloe-emodin found in the herbal extract and aloe vera capsule was 99.83 ± 1.19 and 99.53 ± 1.29, respectively, using this method. Quantification of aloe-emodin in herbal extract and herbal formulation were done using a novel UHPLC method with chromatographic conditions of orthophosphoric acid Methanol (0.1 percent OPA): Water (65:35, v/v) and pH 3, a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min, and elute detection at 254 nm. At 6.32 minutes, a sharp and symmetric peak was observed. The method developed was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The percent RSD numerical value of accuracy was 0.304-0.576, and the inter-day and intraday precision were 0.32-3.08 and 0.51-2.78, respectively. Herbal extract and aloe vera capsule were analysed using the new UHPLC method. Aloe-emodin percentages were reported as 100.3 ± 0.89 and 99.53 ± 1.29, respectively. The antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activities of an aloe-vera herbal formulation were studied, and the results were positive.

A sensitive, precise, accurate, and economic planar chromatographic method developed and validated for quantification of Desidustat as per guideline

AbstractAnemia with chronic kidney disease treating newer hope is recently approved Desidustat. By following International Conference on Harmonization Quality guideline Q2 (R1), an economic high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method has been developed for the estimation of Desidustat. Pre‐coated silica gel 60 F254 plates as stationary phase along with mobile phase toluene:methanol:glacial acetic acid (7.5:2.5:0.3 v/v/v), and 230 nm detection wavelength was selected as optimized. Developed method was found linear in quantity per band range of 100 ng/band to 600 ng/band for Desidustat with 0.9979 regression coefficient. Standard spiking method showed method accuracy with a mean percentage recovery of 99.21%–101.63%. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 3.94 and 11.94 ng/band, respectively. The method was found to be linear, precise, accurate, robust, rugged, selective, sensitive, and specific for the quantification of Desidustat in bulk and tablet dosage form and successfully can be applied for the qualitative and quantitative determination of Desidustat in bulk and marketed tablet formulation.

Evaluation & Comparison of Nicotine quantification in smokeless tobacco products

Introduction: Smokeless tobacco products (STPS) represent a significant health risk and have been associated with oral and pancreatic cancers, oral lesions, coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. So, the aim of the present study is to perform quantitative determination of nicotine, the main alkaloid of smokeless product (Gutkha) available in Vadodara, Gujarat. Method: Collection of sample was done from local tobacco selling shopkeeper from Vadodara i.e. vimal, RMD, pan vilas, rajnigandha and raag. All the samples included in the study the same products available everywhere in Gujarat. The quantification of nicotine was done by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) using the mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate: Diethylamine (6:4:0.5). Spectrodensitometric measurement was carried out at absorption maximum 254 nm. Results: Five different smokeless tobacco samples were estimated using HPTLC method. Nicotine content was found to be 2.45% in Vimal, 3.11% in RMD, 2.60%- Pan Vilas, 3.06%- Rajigandha,3.32%- Raag. Conclusion: A considerable variation of nicotine content was found among the five investigated smokeless tobacco product where sample raag revealed the highest amount of nicotine than the other samples. The nicotine concentration of commercially available chewing tobacco products was found to be much lower than that of the smoking form of tobacco, but the higher average daily consumption made it comparable to the smoking form.

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK TERPURIFIKASI KELOPAK ROSELLA TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli

Natural materials had various types of primary and secondary metabolite compounds that were useful for treating a disease. Plant materials that contain high levels of secondary metabolites could be developed into raw materials for traditional medicines. An example of the development of natural medicine which was in high demand is making traditional medicinal raw materials which have antibacterial properties. These could add to the type of therapy for a disease with smaller side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the purified extract gel preparation of rosella petals as an antibacterial. The extract was obtained from the maceration method which was then followed by purification. The antibacterial activity test in this study used the well diffusion method. Detection of metabolites by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) includes the stationary phase of silica GF254 and the mobile phase Toluene: Acetic acid: Formic acid (6:6:1). The concentration of purified extract of rosella petals for the formulation was 5, 15 and 25%. Data analysis was carried out with the One Way Anova test with a 95% confidence level. The results of the research that the purified extract gel preparation of rosella petals has the potential to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria in the sensitive category at a concentration of 25%. The results of a positive phytochemical screening for flavonoid compounds were indicated by the formation of a red-orange color in the test and identification using TLC produced an Rf of 0.85 which has similarities with previous studies. The conclusion of this study was that the ETKR gel preparation with a concentration of 25% was sensitive as an antibacterial

High‐performance thin layer chromatography method development, validation, and assessment of enzymatic inhibition potential of Potentilla fulgens hydroalcoholic roots extract

AbstractPotentilla fulgens is known as Himalayan Cinquefoil and Lyngniangbru, rich in polyphenolic constituents and used as folk medicine by inhabitants of northeast India. This study intended to develop and validate a high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method for the quantification of catechin in the Potentilla fulgens roots extract and explore its antioxidant potential, acetylcholinesterase, and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase inhibition activity. The separation was achieved using the mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: acetone: formic acid (6:6:6:1, v/v) in which the Potentilla fulgens roots extract delivered a condensed peak at RF 0.58 equivalent to catechin as a phytomarker. The amount of catechin in the Potentilla fulgens roots extract was found to be 2.01% w/w. Potentilla fulgens roots extract showed abundant 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging potential with half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values of 43.39 ± 1.43 μg/ml and inhibited acetylcholinesterase and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase in a concentration‐dependent manner against (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration 74.78 ± 1.2 and 64.02 ± 1.7 μg/ml, respectively). The developed and validated high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method is easy, accurate, and appropriate. These results support the use of Potentilla fulgens as folk medicine and suggest that Potentilla fulgens might be utilized as a rich source of natural antioxidants as well as acetylcholinesterase and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase enzyme inhibitory agents.

Optimasi pelarut etanol air dalam proses ekstraksi terhadap kadar senyawa steroid ekstrak daun senduduk bulu (Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don)

Medicinal plants are closely related to the chemical content contained in these plants, especially biologically active substances. The content of chemical compounds found in Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don is a compound of tannin (catecholamine dan pirogalotannin), dioxiantraquinone, steroid, saponin, glicoside dan fenol. Steroids on plants show cholesterol-lowering effects, anticarcinogenic, bioinsecticide, antibacterial, antifungi and antidiabetic. The purpose of this study was to determine the highest concentration of steroid compounds with a comparison of ethanol-water concentrations in Clidemia hirta leaf extract. Experimental design in this study used Simplex Lattice Design (SLD). Qualitative analysis of Clidemia hirta extract was performed by thin layer chromatography with a stationary phase of silica gel F254 and a mobile phase of toluene : ethyl acetate : ethanol (3:1:1). The determination of steroid concentrations is carried out by measuring the area under the curve (AUC) in densitometric. Quantitative data on steroid concentration of Clidemia hirta leaf obtained from each experiment were analyzed with the Simplex Lattice Design approach. The highest concentration of steroid compounds in the ethanol of Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don leaves extract after optimization is found in 100% ethanol solvent.

HPTLC Studies, in silico Docking Studies, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Elaeocarpus ganitrus as a Gastroprotective Agent.

Elaeocarpus ganitrus, a member of the Eleocarpaceae family, is valued in Hinduism and Ayurveda, and is frequently used as a remedy for a variety of illnesses. The plant is reputed to treat a number of stomach issues. The purpose of the study was to produce high-quality scientific data regarding gastroprotective behavior, docking experiments with cholinergic receptors, and HPTLC (with lupeol and ursolic acid). To develop the mechanism of herbal extracts, in vitro anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities were evaluated. Different leaf extracts were treated with various reagents to determine the presence of various metabolites. An examination of the histopathology was conducted to determine the full impact of the extract. Methanolic extract was chosen for HPTLC investigations after extraction with various solvents. A mobile phase of toluene, ethylacetate, and formic acid (8:2:0.1) was chosen. Molecular docking was utilized to examine how ursolic acid and lupeol are bound to cholinergic receptors (M3). Different extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) were tested for their ability to provide gastroprotection in Wistar rats at different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg). Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of different primary and secondary metabolites. HPTLC data showed the presence of both standards. Docking studies exhibited very good interactions with the M3 receptor. Pharmacological studies revealed that extract-treated groups significantly reduced the ulcer index in all of the models mentioned above. The histopathological analysis clearly supports the biochemical studies, which were conducted utilizing various doses and found to be effective in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro analysis proved that the abovementioned extracts may act as antagonists of acetylcholine and histamine. The data obtained would be valuable for the production of the monograph of the plant and conducting concept-related clinical studies in the future. More investigation is required since the gathered scientific data may lead to new research opportunities.

Development and Validation of HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Piperine and Scopoletin in <i>Ajmodadi churna</i>

In this recent study, several trials were made to develop a HPTLC method for quantification of scopoletin and piperine in the Ajmodadi formulation. HPTLC was done on pre-coated silica gel 60 F254 plates with a mobile phase of toluene:ethyl acetate:methanol:formic acid (3.9:3.9:0.3:1.7 v/v/v/v). The retardation factors for scopoletin 0.75 and for piperine was 0.86 and found a good and defined resolution peak. Densitometer analysis of scopoletin and piperine was carried out at 335 wavelength (nm). The developed method was validated as reported in ICH guidelines (Q2R1). A linearity study shows that scopoletin and piperine was linear, and the recovery studies revealed a recovery in between 98-102 % as per guideline. This method was established to be rapid, delicate, accurate and specific, thus, these methods may be used in the quantification of the drug in any polyherbal formulation.

Isolation of Betulinic Acid from Byttneria herbacea (Malvaceae)

During the phytochemical analysis, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, and terpenoids were identified in Byttneria herbacea (Malvaceae) among other things. The goal of this research is to identify and characterize the plant's bioactive principle. It has a wide range of folk medicinal applications. The gradient fractionation method was used to isolate and characterize phytoconstituents from ethanol extract. Physical, chemical, and spectroscopic data were used to determine the structure of the isolated substance (IR, UV, 1HNMR, MS). The ethanol extract of the plant yielded a triterpenoid structure. Various spectroscopical approaches were used to identify the odorless, colorless chemical that solubilizes in ethyl acetate and has a melting point of 315°C - 318°C and an Rf value of 0.62 in the mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate (85:15). As a result of this research, the isolated component has been identified as Betulinic acid, which is accountable for the plant's diverse pharmacological properties.

Quercetin in ayurvedic formulations: High-performance thin-layer chromatography based rapid fingerprinting profiling

The objective of the research was to select various ayurvedic marketed formulations and performed standardization of ayurvedic formulations as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. Present work was aimed to perform the quality assessment and marker profiling for the rapid estimation of quercetin in ayurvedic formulation by HPTLC method as well as extraction, fractionation and phytochemical screening of formulations for the identification of the quality of raw material. The research was focused on standardization and fingerprinting profiling of selected crude drugs. Finally, the identification of the marker compound was done by the HPTLC technique and the rapid confirmation of Quercetin in ayurvedic formulations by using the mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (4.3:4.6:1.1 v/v/v) and Rf values of quercetin was found 0.49±0.02 which is equal to that of standard Rf of quercetin, and it will help the industries as well as for researchers.

Comparative pharmacognostical, phytochemical, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet spectral studies on leaf and rhizome of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith

Abstract BACKGROUND: Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J.Smith, belonging to the Polypodiaceae family, is widely used in Ayurvedic formulation preparations and is known commonly as Aswakatri in Sanskrit. Usually, its rhizome part is used in the different formulations of Ayurveda Medicine. Many works in pharmacognostical evaluation and phytochemical analysis help reveal plants’ secondary metabolite constituents. Rhizomes or roots of many plants are the significant part used for medicinal purposes. While using these roots or rhizomes, we have to destroy the whole plant. So if the secondary metabolites in the root or rhizome are also present in aerial parts, there is no need to destroy the plant to get the medicinally important molecule. The available literature comparison of leaf and rhizome needs to be better studied. METHODS: The present study aims to compare the pharmacognostical and phytochemical contents of the leaf and rhizome of D. quercifolia using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Quantitative analysis of plant parts was carried out by estimating total phenolic content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC). Further qualitative analysis of plant parts was carried out by HPTLC using mobile phase toluene:ethyl acetate (9:1, v/v). RESULTS: Different spots were observed in the leaf (@ 254 nm—05, 366 nm—07, and 545 nm—05) and rhizome (@366 nm—08 and 545 nm—06) of D. quercifolia. Gallic acid, quercetin, and β-sitosterol are used as a bioactive marker. The β-sitosterol was characteristically observed at 545 nm at R f 0.28 in both plant parts. CONCLUSION: It has been observed that the leaf part of D. quercifolia exhibited more characteristic phytochemical constituents compared to the rhizome part. The TPC, TFC, and HPTLC fingerprint profiles are observed more in the leaf than in the rhizome part.

Isolation and identification of hair growth potential fraction from active plant extract of Blumea eriantha DC grown in Western Ghat of India: In silico study

BackgroundIn Aayurveda, Blumea eriantha DC has been used in the management of various diseases and is found to exhibit antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-diarrhoeal, larvicidal, antimicrobial properties. ObjectiveThe present study has focused on isolation of the active fraction from B. eriantha DC extract and to investigate its effect as a hair growth promoter along with identification of phytoconstituent(s) responsible for hair growth activity and its probable mechanism of action. Materials and methodsOur work introduces an effective isolation protocol for the active fraction from B. eriantha DC extract using chromatographic techniques. Fraction A was isolated by using mobile phase toluene:acetone (9:1). In-vitro and in-vivo methods were executed for the evaluation of hair growth activity. Moreover, the docked conformations of the isolated phytoconstituent Dimethyl sulfone was compared to Minoxidil for selected proteins namely 2FGF, 2PVC and 4U7P. The PDB identifications 2PVC (DNMT3L recognizes unmethylated histone H3 lysine 4), 4U7P (Crystal structure of DNMT3A-DNMT3L complex and 2FGF (Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor) were downloaded from Protein Data Bank. ResultsThe study data revealed that B. eriantha DC alcoholic extracts exhibited prominent hair growth activity and it was affirmed that Dimethyl sulfone a phyto-constituent isolated from B. eriantha DC alcoholic extract contributed for the same. ConclusionThe findings strongly suggest hair growth promotion potential of the extract of B. eriantha DC.

Pharmacognostic study of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton root and stem

Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton, belonging to the family Apocynaceae is an important medicinal shrub. It is widely used in folklore and Ayurvedic system of medicine. Various parts of this plant were used to treat human diseases such as Pama (Scabies), Vicharchika (Eczema), Kasa (Cough), Mukhakrishnatwa (Hyperpigmentation of the face), Pleehodara (Splenomegaly) and preparation of Ayurvedic as well as traditional medicines like Arkalavana and Arkataila. The present communication deals with a detailed account of the pharmacognostic study of C. procera root and stem. The study includes macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopy studies, physicochemical, phytochemical analysis, heavy metal tests, screening of microbiological parameters and development of High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprints profile of C. procera root and stem. HPTLC fingerprints profile of ethanolic extract was done by using mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid for root and stem.

Development of novel HPTLC method for determination of imidazole antifungal drug fenticonazole: Exploring hydrotropy

A novel High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method was portrayed for the determination of Fenticonazole Nitrate (FTZ) in Bulk and Vaginal Capsules. The estimation of Fenticonazole Nitrate was achieved on aluminium pre-coated sheets of silica gel 60 F(10 cm × 10 cm) using mobile phase Toluene: Methanol: Triethylamine (4:1:0.5 v/v/v). Densitometry detection of Fenticonazole Nitrate was performed at 254nm. Fenticonazole nitrate demonstrated a strong correlation with a coefficient of correlation of 0.999 over the concentration range of 500 – 3000 ng/band. The Rvalue for Fenticonazole Nitrate was found to be 0.65. As per International Conference on Harmonization the established method was successfully validated to various parameters like accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, robustness and shows the satisfactory results for all parameters. The recognized method is simple, accurate, precise, robust, sensitive and economical in nature. This method can be used for quality control analysis of Fenticonazole Nitrate in bulk and vaginal capsules.

A validated HPTLC method for the simultaneous determination of seasonal alterations of two antihypertensive monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Rauvolfia species from northern India

The genus Rauvolfia belongs to the family Apocyanaceae, and is native to the tropical countries of the world. Six species of Rauvolfia have been reported from India, however, only two species viz. R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla grow in the upper Gangetic plains. The monoterpenoid indole alkaloids reserpine and ajmalicine are the major phytochemicals reported from the roots of the above plants and are well known for their potential antihypertensive activity. Presently, R. serpentina has become critically endangered due to its overexploitation. Therefore, this study was designed to develop a validated High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic densitometric method for determination of reserpine and ajmalicine in R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla in different seasons. Plant materials were collected in March, June, September and December to determine the optimal harvesting time. The densitometric method was validated in terms of instrument precision, range, linearity, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. Reproducibility of the peak of reserpine and ajmalicine was achieved at Rf 0.56, and 0.79 respectively using optimised mobile phase toluene– ethyl acetate-diethyl amine (7:2:0.6 v/v/v). Our study concluded that maximum level of ajmalicine was found in March while that of reserpine was observed in September. Harvesting of R. tetraphylla at the optimal season may reduce the overexploitation of the endangered species R. serpentina.