Mobile Part Research Articles

Guest Editorial Integrated Ground-Air-Space Wireless Networks for 6G Mobile—Part I

Guest Editorial Integrated Ground-Air-Space Wireless Networks for 6G Mobile—Part I

Genome-wide comparative analysis of clinical and environmental strains of the opportunistic pathogen Paracoccus yeei (Alphaproteobacteria).

Paracoccus yeei is the first species in the genus Paracoccus to be implicated in opportunistic infections in humans. As a result, P. yeei strains provide a valuable model for exploring how bacteria shift from a saprophytic to a pathogenic lifestyle, as well as for investigating the role of horizontally transferred DNA in this transition. In order to gain deeper insights into the unique characteristics of this bacterium and the molecular mechanisms underlying its opportunistic behavior, a comparative physiological and genomic analysis of P. yeei strains was performed. Complete genomic sequences of 7 P. yeei isolates (both clinical and environmental) were obtained and analyzed. All genomes have a multipartite structure comprising numerous extrachromosomal replicons (59 different ECRs in total), including large chromids of the DnaA-like and RepB families. Within the mobile part of the P. yeei genomes (ECRs and transposable elements, TEs), a novel non-autonomous MITE-type element was identified. Detailed genus-wide comparative genomic analysis permitted the identification of P. yeei-specific genes, including several putative virulence determinants. One of these, the URE gene cluster, determines the ureolytic activity of P. yeei strains-a unique feature among Paracoccus spp. This activity is induced by the inclusion of urea in the growth medium and is dependent on the presence of an intact nikR regulatory gene, which presumably regulates expression of nickel (urease cofactor) transporter genes. This in-depth comparative analysis provides a detailed insight into the structure, composition and properties of P. yeei genomes. Several predicted virulence determinants (including URE gene clusters) were identified within ECRs, indicating an important role for the flexible genome in determining the opportunistic properties of this bacterium.

Parameters and Biomechanics of Cervical Sagittal Balance: A Concise and Precise Review

Cervical spine is a vital component of the human spine and it is different from other components. It is the most mobile part of spine and it not only holds the head load but also maintains head balance while in motion. It also helps to balance the thoracic spine which is just contrary to it. Thoracic spine is a rigid structure and its natural curve is kyphotic unlike cervical spine. The equilibrium maintained by the cervical spine for head holding and balancing thoracic kyphosis is called cervical sagittal balance. Similarly, cervical spine also maintains the balance with lumbar spine and its lordosis. In fact, various components of the human spine are not individual parts from a function standpoint, they act simultaneously in a coordinated way to maintain the global balance so that human body remains in an equilibrium at any posture and position, this is what is called a sagittal balance. Cervical spine plays a vital role in maintaining the global balance of spine. Many parameters have been identified to understand cervical sagittal balance. Surgical planning based on maintenance of sagittal balance with the help of these parameters gives the best outcome. We hereby have tried to collect the maximum information about cervical sagittal balance which otherwise is not mentioned collectively elsewhere, and this will provide guidelines and surgical hints to a spinal surgeon.

PRF: A Program Reuse Framework for Automated Programming by Learning from Existing Robot Programs

This paper explores the problem of automated robot program generation from limited historical data when neither accurate geometric environmental models nor online vision feedback are available. The Program Reuse Framework (PRF) is developed, which uses expert-defined motion classes, a novel data structure introduced in this work, to learn affordances, workspaces, and skills from historical data. Historical data comprise raw robot joint trajectories and descriptions of the robot task being completed. Given new tasks, motion classes are then used again to formulate an optimization problem capable of generating new open-loop, skill-based programs to complete the tasks. To cope with a lack of geometric models, a technique to learn safe workspaces from demonstrations is developed, allowing the risk of new programs to be estimated before execution. A new learnable motion primitive for redundant manipulators is introduced, called a redundancy dynamical movement primitive, which enables new end-effector goals to be reached while mimicking the whole-arm behavior of a demonstration. A mobile manipulator part transportation task is used throughout to illustrate each step of the framework.

Ultrasound diagnostics: assessment of tumor thickness and depth of invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

Aim. To evaluate the capabilities of ultrasound using various approaches in determining the depth of invasion of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and to compare the results obtained with data obtained by the use of other diagnostic methods. Materials and methods. In our reserch, ultrasonography was performed on 193 patients with primary malignant tumors of the mobile part of the tongue, floor of the oral cavity and tumors of rare locations (mucous membranes of the lip, cheek, alveolar processes). The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 85 years. In all patients, tumors were squamous cell carcinoma. ultrasound was performed using submandibular, intraoral and transbuccal approaches. ultrasonic data were compared with the results of pathomorphological examination, as well as of X-ray computed tomography and of magnetic resonance imaging with contrast. Results. A statistically significantly high correlation was obtained for all ultrasound approaches (submandibular, intraoral and transbuccal) with the depth of invasion of the oral tumor determined pathomorphologically (r = 0.78; r = 0.89; r = 0.93; p <0.001). Ultrasound using all approaches shows statistically significantly better results in determining the thickness of tumorsof the tongue and mouth floor in comparison with X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (p <0.001). All diagnostic methods are characterized by an overestimation of the tumor invasion depth (overdiagnosis) as compared with pathomorphological examination. for exophytic tumors and oral cavity tumors of mixed growth with an exophytic component, the depth of invasion was less than the tumor thickness. Conclusion. Ultrasound is an accessible, easily reproducible, radiation-free method, the resolution of which makes it possible to accurately determine not only the depth of invasion of oral tumors, but also the distance from the tumor to the midline of the tongue, that represents an important information when choosing the extent of surgical intervention.

A Planar Cable-Driven Under-Sensing Model to Measure Forces and Displacements

This paper presents a planar cable-driven model of a simple mechanism that is able to measure forces and displacements. Recently, a preliminary study based on a cable-driven sensitive mechanism was presented to the research community, underlining the innovative characteristics of the model in under-actuation and under-sensing. The core of the research work was to conceive a compliant system able to measure forces and displacements from a point located in a different zone with respect to the one where the force is applied, and this is possible thanks to cable-driven systems. In this paper, a new simplified model with respect to our published work is presented, reducing the number of cables and including the calculation of friction in the developed test bench. The formulation to calculate the displacement of the point of the applied force and the formulation to calculate the force are presented and validated with a simulation and by using a real test bench for experimentation. A multi-body system is used for the simulation, and the results are compared and discussed. Four cases are analysed to test the formulation, including the friction in pulleys and in the joint connection between the mobile part and the fixed part of the mechanism. Future works will be oriented toward reducing the dimensions of the conceived mechanism in order to implement the model in minimally invasive robotic surgery instruments.

Morphofunctional and histological patterns of blood vessels in the superficial cervicofacial musculoaponeurotic system in midlateral face regions

ObjectiveThe superficial cervicofacial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is a complex network formed by mimic muscles and conjunctive tissue of the superficial fascia of the face.This study aimed to introduce new anatomofunctional data on the importance of the trans-SMAS distribution pattern of the skin microperfusion of the face and to underline the role of SMAS in maintaining the homeostasis of the vascular network that crosses it. Considering the fibrous and muscular matrix of the SMAS, using COLIII and MyoH2 antibodies, together with endothelial immunohistochemistry(IHC)intercellular adhesion molecule 2 marker, we determined the correlation of these structures and their interaction. MethodsThis study included 33donors of SMAS tissues, which have been stained withregular hematoxylin and eosin (HE), and three different IHC markers have been used (collagen III, muscular tissue, and blood vessels). The samples were collected from parotid, masseteric, jugal, and zygomatic regions. Magnetic resonance angiography was used to identify the main vascular sources of the midlateral regions of the face of another 47 patients. ResultsSignificant differences in topographic arrangement, density, and relations of the microsopic vasculature were observed between each of the four regions. Major differences were identified between the role of SMAS in each of these regions, from the parotid capsule to masseteric fascia, transition mobile part, and attaching manners in the zygomatic subunit. ConclusionsBlood vessel topography must be related with the surrounding conjunctive and muscular tissue, especially regarding facial SMAS. Intrinsic relations between these three components of the SMAS and nervous fibers can provide us important hints on the functionality of the whole system.

A clinical study on different surgical options for management of post-burn axillary contractures

Background: Post-burn contracture is a common sequele occurring after burn. Upper limb contracture like axilla is also occurring more commonly because it is most mobile part of body and likely to involve in burn. Post-burn contracture of axilla leads to functional deficit as it limits the movement of upper extremity mainly abduction and extension. Patients with axillary contracture are unable to utilize his upper limb because he is unable to take the hand at required site. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to study various operative strategies for patients presenting with post-burn axillary contracture. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients presenting with post-burn axillary contractures were taken in our study. Results: In our study of 20 patients of post-burn axillary contracture, five patients had Grade I (25%), Grade II 05 (25%), Grade III 01 (5%), and Grade IV 09 (45%) contractures. Regarding surgical procedure, Z-plasty was done in 8 patients (40%), release with skin grafting 10 patients (50%), and local flap done in 2 patients (10%). In our study, the mean degree of range of motion achieved after release of axillary contracture was 120°. In our study, 2 patients (10%) developed re-contracture, 1 patient (5%) had a graft failure while 85% of the patients had no complications. Conclusion: In the present study of 20 cases of management of post-burn axillary contracture, it is reasonable to conclude that the prevention of contracture is of utmost importance. The choice of surgical procedure for reconstruction of post-burn axillary contractures can be made according to the pattern of scar contracture and the state of the surrounding skin. The choice of a flap should have priority over the skin graft due to the superior functional and esthetic results of flaps. The results were satisfactory in our study in most cases with regard to quality of life, coverage, and range of motion.

METAFORA: NARZĘDZIE LITERACKIE UŻYCZONE DO PROJEKTU ARCHITEKTONICZNEGO. ODNIESIENIA TEORETYCZNE, METODA BADAWCZA I PRAKTYCZNE DOŚWIADCZENIE W DYDAKTYCE

The design process in Architectural Design Studio’s first classes for students is often based on images that are erroneously used as references by copying some formal choices. In the most general sense, this issue is related to a gap between architectural culture and society, as architecture is considered a virtual and consumable object. Those problems could be faced with an old but still effective tool that is the metaphor. Architecture is mainly known by images, and each image has a visible and an invisible part; the latter concerns the culture that underlies it. The paper assumes the metaphor is a design tool that can be helpful in the initial stages of the design process as it allows anyone to quickly connect images, ideas, and experiences, getting deeper into the invisible part of images. Since the metaphor is mainly a linguistic agent, most of the studies concern the use of the metaphor in the field of theoretical criticism and for reviewing other projects. The paper proposes to integrate this approach by investigating the metaphor to support the transfer of shapes and figures between different architectures. Furthermore, the proposed process foresees a permanent part based on the type of dynamic and more mobile part where metaphorical thinking finds space. Therefore, two types of use of the metaphor are put forward: the first interprets existing buildings by recognising both linguistic metaphors used by the critics and those crystallized in the architectural form; the second instead stimulates students to use visual metaphors in determining the shape and volume of the project.

Possible Role of Non-coding DNAs in the Cambrian Explosion

The "Cambrian explosion" (CE) refers to a sharp increase in the number of fossils of living beings in the sediments of the Cambrian period (CP), which began 538.8 ± 0.2 million years ago and ended 485.4 ± 1.9 million years ago. It was in the CP that drastic changes took place in the biosphere: if before that almost all life was simple and unicellular, then after the CE there was a sharp increase in the number of complex multicellular organisms. However, the reason(s) for these drastic changes remains unknown. Various hypotheses were put forward: a sharp change in climate; the appearance of sexual reproduction; bilaterality or an increase in oxygen concentration that allowed the development of multicellularity. Apparently, the essence of the problem is to clarify the mechanisms and material basis of fundamental changes in the biosphere. For such an explosion, radical changes in the genome are necessary. It is suggested that the CE is associated with the evolution of the most mobile part of the eukaryotic DNA genome, rather than an increase in the number of previously existing or newly emerged genes. From our point of view, the evolution of non-coding DNAs, which make up the vast majority of DNA in the eukaryotic genome, could play an important role in the emergence of CE.

A new species of Ochthebius (Cobalius) (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae: Ochthebiinae) inhabiting marine rockpools of NW Sicily

Here we describe a new species of Ochthebius (Cobalius) from marine rockpools of NW Sicily: O. (C.) senczuki sp. n. This species was first discovered on the basis of molecular evidence, but its taxonomic distinction has been subsequently supported by morphological characters. Ochthebius (C.) senczuki sp. n. shows a clear genetic diversity from the known related species, with an average COI p distance ranging from 5.6% to 10.7%; it exhibits only small morphological differences, mostly limited to dorsal punctation, pronotal and elytral outer edge, and (in males) to the mobile part of the median lobe of the aedeagus. The origin of O. (C.) senczuki sp. n. is estimated to lie in the Late Miocene (~9 Mya); the ancestors of this taxon probably remained isolated from populations of the related taxa of the Ochthebius (Cobalius) subinteger and O. (Cobalius) adriaticus complexes during cycles of regressive and transgressive marine phases that occurred in the SW Mediterranean during Late Miocene and Pliocene. The detailed state of the art of members of the O. (Cobalius) adriaticus complex throughout the Central and Eastern Mediterranean rocky coastal areas is also preliminarily discussed. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CBFA5063-2FBE-488B-8497-E5DA7DCA9361

Iterated-local-search-based chaotic differential evolution algorithm for hybrid-load part feeding scheduling optimization in mixed-model assembly lines

PurposeDriven by sustainable production, mobile robots are introduced as a new clean-energy material handling tool for mixed-model assembly lines (MMALs), which reduces energy consumption and lineside inventory of workstations (LSI). Nevertheless, the previous part feeding scheduling method was designed for conventional material handling tools without considering the flexible spatial layout of the robotic mobile fulfillment system (RMFS). To fill this gap, this paper focuses on a greening mobile robot part feeding scheduling problem with Just-In-Time (JIT) considerations, where the layout and number of pods can be adjusted.Design/methodology/approachA novel hybrid-load pod (HL-pod) and mobile robot are proposed to carry out part feeding tasks between material supermarkets and assembly lines. A bi-objective mixed-integer programming model is formulated to minimize both total energy consumption and LSI, aligning with environmental and sustainable JIT goals. Due to the NP-hard nature of the proposed problem, a chaotic differential evolution algorithm for multi-objective optimization based on iterated local search (CDEMIL) algorithm is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by dealing with the HL-pod-based greening part feeding scheduling problem in different problem scales and compared to two benchmark algorithms. Managerial insights analyses are conducted to implement the HL-pod strategy.FindingsThe CDEMIL algorithm's ability to produce Pareto fronts for different problem scales confirms its effectiveness and feasibility. Computational results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other two compared algorithms regarding solution quality and convergence speed. Additionally, the results indicate that the HL-pod performs better than adopting a single type of pod.Originality/valueThis study proposes an innovative solution to the scheduling problem for efficient JIT part feeding using RMFS and HL-pods in automobile MMALs. It considers both the layout and number of pods, ensuring a sustainable and environmental-friendly approach to production.

The Actuality of the Metaphor in Architectural Design

The design process in architectural design studio’s first classes for students is often based on images that are erroneously used as references by copying some formal choices. In the most general sense, this issue is related to a gap between architectural culture and society, as architecture is considered a virtual and consumable object. Those problems could be faced with an old but still effective tool that is the metaphor. Architecture is mainly known by images, and each image has a visible and an invisible part; the latter concerns the culture that underlies it. The paper assumes the metaphor is a design tool that can be helpful in the initial stages of the design process as it allows anyone to quickly connect images, ideas, and experiences, getting deeper into the invisible part of images. Since the metaphor is mainly a linguistic agent, most of the studies concern the use of the metaphor in the field of theoretical criticism and for reviewing other projects. The paper proposes to integrate this approach by investigating the metaphor to support the transfer of shapes and figures between different architectures. Furthermore, the proposed process foresees a permanent part based on a dynamic and more mobile part where metaphorical thinking finds space. Therefore, two types of use of the metaphor are put forward: the first interprets existing buildings by recognising both linguistic metaphors used by the critics and those crystallized in the architectural form; the second instead stimulates students to use visual metaphors in determining the shape and volume of the project.

A blended preconception lifestyle programme for couples undergoing IVF: lessons learned from a multicentre randomized controlled trial.

What is the effect of a blended preconception lifestyle programme on reproductive and lifestyle outcomes of couples going through their first 12 months of IVF as compared to an attention control condition? This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was stopped prematurely because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic but the available data did not suggest that a blended preconception lifestyle programme could meaningfully affect time to ongoing pregnancy or other reproductive and lifestyle outcomes. Increasing evidence shows associations between a healthy lifestyle and IVF success rates. Lifestyle programmes provided through a mobile phone application have yet to be evaluated by RCTs in couples undergoing IVF. A multicentre RCT (1:1) was carried out. The RCT started in January 2019 and was prematurely stopped because of the Covid-19 pandemic, leading to a reduced sample size (211 couples initiating IVF) and change in primary outcome (cumulative ongoing pregnancy to time to ongoing pregnancy). Heterosexual couples initiating IVF in five fertility clinics were randomized between an attention control arm and an intervention arm for 12 months. The attention control arm received treatment information by mobile phone in addition to standard care. The intervention arm received the blended preconception lifestyle (PreLiFe)-programme in addition to standard care. The PreLiFe-programme included a mobile application, offering tailored advice and skills training on diet, physical activity and mindfulness, in combination with motivational interviewing over the telephone. The primary outcome was 'time to ongoing pregnancy'. Secondary reproductive outcomes included the Core Outcome Measures for Infertility Trials and IVF discontinuation. Changes in the following secondary lifestyle outcomes over 3 and 6 months were studied in both partners: diet quality, fruit intake, vegetable intake, total moderate to vigorous physical activity, sedentary behaviour, emotional distress, quality of life, BMI, and waist circumference. Finally, in the intervention arm, acceptability of the programme was evaluated and actual use of the mobile application part of the programme was tracked. Analysis was according to intention to treat. A total of 211 couples were randomized (105 control arm, 106 intervention arm). The hazard ratio of the intervention for time to ongoing pregnancy was 0.94 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.4). Little to no effect on other reproductive or lifestyle outcomes was identified. Although acceptability of the programme was good (6/10), considerable proportions of men (38%) and 9% of women did not actively use all the modules of the mobile application (diet, physical activity, or mindfulness). The findings of this RCT should be considered exploratory, as the Covid-19 pandemic limited its power and the actual use of the mobile application was low. This is the first multicentre RCT evaluating the effect of a blended preconception lifestyle programme for women and their partners undergoing IVF on both reproductive and lifestyle outcomes. This exploratory RCT highlights the need for further studies into optimal intervention characteristics and actual use of preconception lifestyle programmes, as well as RCTs evaluating effectiveness. Supported by the Research foundation Flanders (Belgium) (FWO-TBM; reference: T005417N). No competing interests to declare. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03790449. 31 December 2018. 2 January 2019.

Assessment of WhatsApp as a Collaborative Learning Tool in the post COVID-19 Era in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case of Tanzania

Information Technology has changed our societies in a variety of ways, before COVID-19 and after COVID-19. A mobile phone being one of the devices under technological generation is needed in teaching and learning. In higher learning institutions, a great number of students make mobile phones part of useful tools for learning. This study aimed to assess WhatsApp as a collaborative learning tool in Higher Learning Institutions a case in Tanzania. The study used a multi-case method where students from three different Higher Learning Institutions were used as units of inquiry. These students came from different levels and programmes, the institutions were from one private institution and two public institutions. The tool used to collect data was an online form created by google. Data collected was then analysed and processed through the google form and the responses were shown with charts and graphs from google. The study included students from non-degree (certificate and diploma) and undergraduate students from bachelor’s degree. The results indicated that WhatsApp is one of the most favored mobile based applications, especially in HLIs; students use the WhatsApp application in exchanging learning materials with their fellow students and their instructors. Not only that, but the application is also used for opening new collaboration and links with other students from different colleges and universities. Nevertheless, the results showed that some students in higher learning institutions in Tanzania use WhatsApp as a platform to learn new business ideas hence some open businesses while still students at College or University through this platform. The current study recommends that Higher learning institution should have conducive environment for learners to get free internet services throughout in the University compound at the same time having a policy that show rules and regulations to be followed on ways to use the WhatsApp tool

Comparative analysis of the mechanical behavior of three volute forms of centrifugal pump

This paper presents a comparative based analysis on the mechanical behavior of three different forms of volute of volute of a centrifugal pump with a spline, a radial and a tangential type using ABAQUS Software calculation code. The result of the analysis shows that the stress concentration is localized at the volute nozzle for all the three types of forms. This founding is an interesting element as regards to the possibilities of adaptation of a pump to a particular operation. Also it is found that the tangential volute is the least stressed compared to the other two forms. The displacements are more pronounced in the case of a radial volute. These data can be exploited in order to predict the possibility of accidental rupture of this element. From another point of view this can have an indirect influence on the appearance of vibration, noise and fluctuations of pressures and speeds due to the interaction between the fixed part (volute) and the mobile part (impeller).

PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN POPULATION IN PUBLIC TERRITORY

In the conditions of modern war, the protection of the civilian population has become the biggest problem. Contrary to all the rules of warfare, the enemy's main goal is not victory on the battlefield, but the destruction of the entire population of Ukraine. To do this, rocket strikes are carried out at night against residential buildings and during the day at places of population concentration in the territory of cities. Shelters on the territory of cities are not provided for in the legislative and regulatory documentation. In these conditions, the city authorities of many cities in Ukraine took responsibility for people's lives. Within the limits of their authority, representatives of the city government and public organizations made significant efforts to ensure the protection of citizens in parks and squares, at public transport stops, and in children's playgrounds. The existing condition of the shelters installed at public transport stops in the cities of Ukraine, their structural and operational properties were analysed. The analysis of the existing shelters showed that to provide protection against small arms, missile fragments and air waves, the original shelters are quite suitable, but none of the structures that should become protection for citizens, first for the less mobile part of society, does not meet the requirements of accessibility Unprofessionalism of designers, lack of regulatory documentation, failure to take into account operating conditions eventually led to the gradual transformation of these shelters into public toilets and places for homeless people to sleep. The planning properties of a typical shelter project were analysed, non-compliance with accessibility conditions was pointed out, and the correction of design decisions was suggested. Changes are proposed to ensure the availability of shelters and their intended use; namely, the blocking of the specified buildings with trade and public catering establishments and public toilets.

Two-stage multi-sensor fusion positioning system with seamless switching for cooperative mobile robot and manipulator system

The stoppage of a mobile platform is generally scheduled to feed parts for machines on production lines, such as fenced industrial robotic manipulators. A non-stop mobile robotic part feeding system can contribute to production efficiency and flexibility but contains several challenging tasks. For example, the industrial robotic manipulator needs to perceive the positions of the mobile robot accurately and robustly before grasping the supplies when the mobile robot moves around. Thus, based on the relative distance between the two robots, an interaction mode of the integrated robotic system consisting of a fixed robotic manipulator and a mobile robot is developed for robotic interaction. In order to accurately and robustly perceive the positions of a mobile robot, two different positioning approaches for the robotic manipulator positioning mobile robot in an indoor environment are utilised. One approach is ultrasonic sensors fused with inertia measurement units (IMU) by extended Kalman filter (EKF). Furthermore, an outlier rejection mechanism is implemented to escape outliers from ultrasonic measurement. Another positioning approach is achieved by detecting an ArUco marker with visual sensor. Lastly, a positioning switching strategy according to the visual sensor state allows the robotic manipulator to reposition the mobile robot seamlessly. According to the static experiments, EKF-based positioning approach fusing IMU with ultrasonic sensor can export high-accuracy (the root mean square error is 0.04 m) and high-precision (the standard deviation is 0.0033 m) in positioning while keeping a high update frequency of 181.9 HZ in static positioning. Evaluations through dynamic experiments demonstrate that the proposed positioning system can suppress the positioning drifts over time in comparison with wheel encoder-based positioning method. The two-stage repositioning strategy can support the robotic manipulator to identify the positions of the mobile robot robustly, even in the case when the visual sensor is occluded.

Role of perigastric arcade removal in serous epithelial ovarian cancers.

Omentectomy is an essential part of cytoreductive surgery (CRS). However, removal of perigastric arcade (PGA) of the omentum is a controversial aspect of omentectomy in view of the fear of injury, vascular compromise and gastroparesis. Hence, we conducted a study to evaluate the necessity and effect of removal of PGA during omentectomy. The nature of the study was a prospective observational study. The study period was for 1 year between 1.3.2019 and 29.2.2020. Patients with stage III to IV serous epithelial ovarian cancers - chemo naive/post neoadjuvant chemotherapy, without macroscopic involvement of the PGA were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups - those who had PGA removed (group 1) and those whose PGA was preserved (group 2). Pre, intra and postoperative factors between the two groups were compared using standard statistical methods. Micrometastasis to PGA was present in 36.4% of the patients in group 1. The predictors for this involvement included gross involvement and microscopic involvement of the mobile part of the omentum (p < 0.001), pre surgery Meyer's score (p < 0.05) and requirement of peritonectomy (p < 0.05) during the CRS implying that higher the peritoneal carcinomatosis, more are the chances of microscopic involvement of PGA. On comparing postoperative outcomes between the two groups, we noted a statistically significant difference in intra-operative time (p < 0.01), prolonged recovery time with increased intensive care unit and hospital stay (p < 0.001) in group 1, although all with small absolute difference. However, there was no significant difference in major post-operative complications or time taken to tolerate soft diet. Micrometastasis to PGA was noted in significant number of cases. Its removal is also a safe procedure with minimal morbidity and good postoperative outcomes especially in cases with significant peritoneal carcinomatosis. Hence, it should be considered, provided we are achieving a complete cytoreduction otherwise.

Increasing the attractiveness of public transport among youth for the urban sustainable development

The growth in the number of personal vehicles in the urban environment causes significant damage to urban infrastructure and environment. European research aimed at increasing the attractiveness of public transport has mainly focused on government regulation and the development of sustainable alternative modes of transport such as cycling. The most mobile part of the Russian population is young people under the age of 30. The study is aimed at identifying behavioral responses and factors that can influence the rejection of personal transport in favor of public transport. The results showed that at the moment young people are not ready for this step. However, growing number of transport units and their comfort, as well as the creation of dedicated lanes on the roads for public transport to speed up its movement may increase the attractiveness of public transport.