Mobile P2P Research Articles

P2P Lending and Mobile Payments: Disrupting Traditional Banking Systems and Expanding Financial Inclusion

Technological development in the field of finance (FinTech) has sprouted and scaled up rapidly, disrupting the traditional banking system. The rise of new platforms allowing P2P lending and mobile payments has changed the way where and how people receive financial services by replacing professionally-managed financial intermediaries aka banks. This paper explores how P2P lending has enabled decentralised financing by providing flexible loans to borrowers, higher returns to lenders, and alternative credit-scoring methods to assess borrowers credibility. The subsequent development and recent widespread use of mobile payments have brought about transformative changes in finance where users can make payments without using physical cash or relying on banking infrastructure altogether. The combination of these technologies is providing inclusive finance by allowing unbanked and underbanked populations access to necessary financial services. This paper further delves into the challenges emerging from both these innovations, such as assessment of risks, security issues and regulatory uncertainty. The paper concludes by emphasising that new technology-based lending and payments have the potential to foster inclusive economic growth in rural, remote and low-income regions of the world, and by highlighting the challenges that needs to be tackled for FinTech to succeed.

Examining user behavior with machine learning for effective mobile peer-to-peer payment adoption

Disruptive innovations caused by FinTech (i.e., technology-assisted customized financial services) have brought digital peer-to-peer (P2P) payments to the fore. In this challenging environment and based on theories about customer behavior in response to technological innovations, this paper identifies the drivers of consumer adoption of mobile P2P payments and develops a machine learning model to predict the use of this thriving payment option. To do so, we use a unique data set with information from 701 participants (observations) who completed a questionnaire about the adoption of Bizum, a leading mobile P2P platform worldwide. The respondent profile was the average Spanish citizen within the framework of European culture and lifestyle. We document (in this order of priority) the usefulness of mobile P2P payments, influence of peers and other social groups such as friends, family, and colleagues on individual behavior (that is, subjective norms), perceived trust, and enjoyment of the user experience within the digital context and how those attributes better classify (potential) users of mobile P2P payments. We also find that nonparametric approaches based on machine learning algorithms outperform traditional parametric methods. Finally, our results show that feature selection based on random forest, such as the Boruta procedure, as a preprocessing technique substantially increases prediction performance while reducing noise, redundancy of the resulting model, and computational costs. The main limitation of this research is that it only has a place within the sociocultural and institutional framework of the Spanish population. It is therefore desirable to replicate this study by surveying people from other countries to analyze the effects of the institutional environment on the adoption of mobile P2P payments.

Switching behaviors in peer-to-peer mobile payment applications: the role of sociability

PurposeUsing features of social media, peer-to-peer (P2P) mobile payment enables users to foster social interaction every time transactions are made. Given the increasing popularity of social features in P2P mobile payment applications, it is worth understanding how these components contribute to users’ switching behavior between conventional mobile payment and P2P mobile payment services. By treating sociability of P2P mobile payment as a pull factor, this study aims to extend the push–pull–mooring framework in the context of P2P mobile payment.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain data. Respondents from the USA were exclusively selected due to the emerging number of P2P mobile payment users and the volume of transactions in this country. Based on a sample of 232 Amazon Mechanical Turk mobile payment users, the authors tested the hypotheses using the partial least squares structural equation model technique with SmartPLS software version 3.FindingsThe finding reveals that sociability is triggered by social presence, social benefit and social support within the P2P mobile payment platform. Moreover, dissatisfaction with perceived enjoyment of conventional mobile payment (push factor), customer innovativeness (mooring factor) and sociability of P2P mobile payment (pull factor) jointly influence users’ intention to switch to P2P mobile payment services, and subsequently drive their migration behavior.Originality/valueUnlike past research that mainly focuses on utilitarian-related factors, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to thoroughly examine the sociability features of P2P mobile payment service as a form of a social-centric system.

Trustworthy retrieval system in mobile P2P wireless network

Modern lifestyles heavily rely on the Internet, with mobile devices and wireless networks being indispensable. However, in peer-to-peer (P2P) wireless networks, low battery levels can lead to user non-cooperation and subsequent low retrieval rates. Additionally, the presence of malicious nodes can result in incorrect or malicious file exchanges. We introduce the Trustworthy Retrieval System (TRS) for mobile P2P wireless networks. TRS ensures decentralized info management, optimizes message forwarding, and guarantees file quality even with malicious nodes. It adapts to mobile network environment, maintains high retrieval rates, and deals with low battery levels and malicious nodes. Simulations confirm TRS's effectiveness, showing improved retrieval rates, resilience to failures, low overhead, and successful malicious node mitigation.

Factors affecting merchants' acceptance of P2P m-payments: a multigroup moderating effect of gender, age, and experience

PurposeThis paper hypothesized that perceived relative advantage and perceived compatibility would have a positive effect on merchants' intention to accept payments via P2P mobile payment services, while perceived financial risks and perceived costs would have a negative effect. The study also explored the differences in gender, age and experience.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model is based on the valence framework, where positive utility is represented by relative advantage and perceived compatibility, while negative utility is represented by perceived risks and perceived costs. The data for this study were collected from small business owners (merchants) at the largest public market in the Center Department of Mirebalais, Haiti, using a purposive sampling method.FindingsThe results of a structural equation modeling on a sample of 339 merchants only confirmed the effect of both perceived comparative advantage and perceived compatibility. Furthermore, the multigroup analysis revealed that the perceived comparative advantage is stronger for female merchants, older age groups and merchants who frequently used P2P m-payment for the transfer of remittances. Perceived compatibility is stronger for male merchants, younger age groups and merchants who occasionally used P2P m-payment for the transfer of remittances.Originality/valueThis study was conducted in the economic context of Haiti, where P2P m-payments are commonly used for transferring remittances. Since there are limited studies that examine P2P m-payment acceptance from the perspective of merchants, this study offers valuable insights.

Analysis of P2P network system based on two‐stage service and failure repairability

SummaryAlong with the rapid development of the information technology revolution, P2P technology has been more and more widely and deeply researched in the field of mobile wireless, and mobile P2P has become an emerging and popular research field. The particularity of the mobile environment has extremely high requirements on the P2P network topology, resource transition paths and network security. In this paper, a two‐stage queueing model with negative customers and asynchronous failure is established based on a hybrid mobile network model combining the semi‐distributed topology and the fully‐distributed topology. Using the matrix‐geometric solution and Gauss‐Seidel iterative method, the probability distribution of the network model in steady‐state is obtained, and expressions for performance indicators such as the average number of peers in the two stages are given. Numerical experiments were conducted using programming software to analyze the effect of parameters on each indicator. The optimal parameters were solved by constructing the average cost unit time function and social benefit function to provide decision foundation for the mobile P2P network model.

Transforming self-perceived self-employability and entrepreneurship among mothers through mobile digital sharing economy platforms: an exploratory case study

PurposeThis research focuses on the extent sharing economy transforms employability for women impacted by domestic and reproductive work. The authors explore the experience of mothers, of how digital peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms can affect their self-perceived employability and skills deterioration by unlocking human capital through technology acceptance.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a pragmatism-based approach incorporating using a single-case study research design with the Gioia methodology. It utilised a semi-structured telephone survey to collect data to explore the decisions around usage of a newly developed mobile P2P app, aiming to support employability among mothers. Analysis was conducted inductively using thematic analysis and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe study finds that mothers experience high rates of continued labour market attachment on a casual or part-time basis, difficulty in juggling family and work, and high levels of concern both about future employment/entrepreneurial opportunities and expected stress in balancing dual roles of carer and earner. While mothers are interested in using new sharing economy technologies to reduce skills deterioration and improve signalling, the authors find that there were both technology and non-technology related barriers. These included trust and security, life-stage mismatch, time poverty and limitation of service offerings.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was limited to mothers in one state in Australia and by the case study research design, the measurement model and the self-report nature of the data collection. Hence, the findings may lack generalisability in other contexts. It also limits the ability to make conclusions regarding causality.Originality/valueThis exploratory study contributes to research in the intersection between human resources (HR) and entrepreneurship by illustrating how sharing economy platforms can offer women a means to overcome the issues of signalling and skills deterioration in relation to aspects of human capital theory by developing new skills that may act as positive signals signal to potential employers or investors. Additionally, the social interactions between mothers, through technology adoption, can provide a basis for improving future self-employment or entrepreneurship and employability.

Customer adoption of p2p mobile payment systems: The role of perceived risk

Peer-to-peer (P2P) payments are experiencing strong growth due to the notable interest in mobile payments and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals’ behaviours. This research analyses the success factors in customers’ adoption of Bizum, a prototypical P2P mobile payment system already used by almost half of the Spanish population. Using data from real Bizum users and structural equation modelling, it was confirmed that: (1) customers’ attitudes and perceptions of control over the mobile app increased use and WOM intentions; (2) the subjective norm (i.e., social approval) is not important for the adoption of this P2P service; (3) the direct effect of perceived risk on behavioural intentions is not significant and that perceived risk is moderated by perceived security, such that its negative effects are significant when users perceive lower levels of security; (4) age and gender do not significantly influence adoption, which suggests that the service might be used by a wide spectrum. Finally, from a practical viewpoint, this research contributes to the understanding of the success factors underlying P2P platforms, which can help managers better develop their market penetration strategies in a highly competitive sector.

Performance Optimization and Analysis on P2P Mobile Communication Systems Accelerated by MEC Servers

Performance Optimization and Analysis on P2P Mobile Communication Systems Accelerated by MEC Servers

Transforming Self-Employability & Entrepreneurship for Mothers via Mobile Sharing Economy Platforms

This research focuses on the extent sharing economy transforms employability for women impacted by domestic and reproductive work. We explore the experience of mothers, of how digital peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms can affect their real and perceived employability by unlocking human capital, through technology acceptance. It incorporates a case study research design with the Gioia methodology. A semi-structured telephone survey collected data to explore the decisions around usage of a new mobile P2P app, aimed to support employability among mothers. Analysis was conducted inductively using Leximancer, thematic analysis and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). We found that mothers experience high rates of continued labor market attachment on a casual or part-time basis, difficulty in juggling family and work, and high levels of concern both about future employment/ entrepreneurial opportunities and expected stress in balancing dual roles of carer and earner. While they are interested in using new sharing economy technologies to reduce skills deterioration and improve signaling, there were both technology and non-technology related barriers. These included trust and security, life-stage mismatch, time poverty and limitation of service offerings. This exploratory study contributes to research by illustrating how sharing economy platforms can offer women a means to overcome the issues of signaling and skills deterioration in relation to aspects of human capital theory, and additionally, how the social interactions between mothers, through technology adoption, can provide a basis for improving future self-employment and entrepreneurship. Keywords: Self-employment, mumpreneurship, self-perceived employability, sharing economy, P2P platforms, technology acceptance, signaling, skills deterioration.

IForest: An informed resource search strategy in mobile P2P networks

With the increasing applications of the mobile P2P networks, how to improve the resource search performance has been an important research focus. Peers’ features of strong mobility, short wireless transmission range and malicious behavior make the efficient and effective resource search more difficult in mobile P2P networks. This paper proposes an informed resource search strategy, iForest, in mobile P2P networks. To tackle the issue of peer’s mobility, we present a quantifying method of a neighbor peer’s stability; to deal with the problem of a peer’s malicious behavior, we employ the idea of peer’s credibility; to improve the resource search efficiency, we use the concept of peer’s resource accessibility. These guidance factors are derived and calculated based on the findings that each peer’s movements often repeat on a day-to-day basis and each peer has its own interests in mobile P2P networks. The simulation results showed that the iForest strategy could both improve the resource search success rate and reduce the communication complexity.

ZRR-P2P: Zone-Based Mechanism for Data Replication and Research Optimization in Unstructured P2P Systems

Peer-to-peer systems (P2P) have enjoyed great popularity in terms of sharing content in distributed environments. In mobile P2P networks, how to improve the efficiency of the resource lookup has been an important topic of research. Among the existing solutions, we find lookup mechanisms based on data replication that can increase data availability and reduce search latency. On the other side, these solutions have certain limits such as in the selection of resources to be replicated and in increasing the storage space of peers with additional data. Therefore, this work ZRR-P2P (Zone-based mechanism for data Replication and Research optimization in P2P) comes with the aim of partitioning the network zone on sub-zones and of replicating popular data shared in the network. Thus, in order to improve the research process without increasing storage space of peers. The simulation results show that our strategy manages to increase data availability and improve the search process in terms of hops count and search latency, while avoiding increasing the storage space of peers.

Analytical Comparison of Resource Search Algorithms in Non-DHT Mobile Peer-to-Peer Networks

One of the key challenges in ad-hoc networks is the resource discovery problem. How efficiently & quickly the queried resource/object can be resolved in such a highly dynamic self-evolving network is the underlying question? Broadcasting is a basic technique in the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission range. Flooding is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every node. The naive flooding technique floods the network with query messages, while the random walk scheme operates by contacting subsets of each node’s neighbors at every step, thereby restricting the search space. Many earlier works have mainly focused on the simulation-based analysis of flooding technique, and its variants, in a wired network scenario. Although, there have been some empirical studies in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, the analytical results are still lacking, especially in the context of mobile P2P networks. In this article, we mathematically model different widely used existing search techniques, and compare with the proposed improved random walk method, a simple lightweight approach suitable for the non-DHT architecture. We provide analytical expressions to measure the performance of the different flooding-based search techniques, and our proposed technique. We analytically derive 3 relevant key performance measures, i.e., the avg. number of steps needed to find a resource, the probability of locating a resource, and the avg. number of messages generated during the entire search process.

Analysis of threats and security issues evaluation in mobile P2P networks

Technically, mobile P2P network system architecture can consider as a distributed architecture system (like a community), where the nodes or users can share all or some of their own software and hardware resources such as (applications store, processing time, storage, network bandwidth) with the other nodes (users) through Internet, and these resources can be accessible directly by the nodes in that system without the need of a central coordination node. The main structure of our proposed network architecture is that all the nodes are symmetric in their functions. In this work, 
 the security issues of mobile P2P network system architecture such as (web threats, attacks and encryption) will be discussed deeply and then we propose different approaches and we analysis and evaluation of these mobile P2P network security issues and submit some proposal solutions to resolve the related problems with threats and other different attacks since these threats and attacks will be serious issue as networks are growing up especially with mobility attribute in current P2P networks.

Analysis and modelling the effects of mobility, Churn rate, node’s life span, intermittent bandwidth and stabilization cost of finger table in structured mobile P2P networks

Today P2P (Peer-to-Peer) networks are gaining popularity for sharing the contents. Due to massive spreading of Internet, these networks are also growing fast. MP2P (Mobile P2P) networks are attracting many users due to increase in the Internet-based mobile applications. These networks suffer from many challenges which are not considered for analysis and modelling adequately. We focus on few challenges like mobility of users, churn rate, intermittent bandwidth, shorter life span of mobile nodes, stabilization of finger table, etc. in this paper. We analytically analyse these challenges and define the effects of different parameters over the performance. Traditional P2P protocols are designed for wired networks and when these are implemented for mobile networks then mobility effect of users adds more challenge for researchers. We select two types of mobility models namely FF (Fluid Flow) and RWP (Random Waypoint) models to model the users’ mobility. The churn rate of the mobile nodes makes network overlay management and content searching more difficult in MP2P networks. We select finger table-based protocols which are widely deployed in the P2P networks. But these protocols can’t perform well in the mobile P2P networks due to mobility of the users. The mobility of the users and churn rate of the mobile nodes create failure in lookup of finger table and induce more cost to update the finger table. We consider these challenges and quantify the failure rate of mobile nodes, life span of mobile nodes, available bandwidth, cost of stabilization of finger table per node, etc. in this proposal. The proposed model is useful for modelling the performance of MP2P networks performance in various wireless environments like Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), Wireless LAN (WLAN), Wireless MAN (WMAN), etc.

PJ-Sec: secure node joining in mobile P2P networks

The advancement of portable mobile wireless devices such as smart-phones, PDA, etc., brought mobile peer-to-peer (P2P) as an extension of traditional P2P networks to provide efficient, low-cost communication among them in a cellular network. It is challenging to assign a unique identifier to each user, as an adversary can target to disrupt the P2P system, by carefully selecting user IDs or obtaining many pseudo-IDs. This work proposes a robust node-ID assignment mechanism for secure peer joining in mobile P2P system called PJ-Sec. PJ-Sec facilitates to generate nodeID for a joining peer by a collaborative effort of an existing peer (within the vicinity) and pre-selected vicinity head. PJ-Sec is formally analyzed using AVISPA model checker and found to be attack resistant.

Predicting relative topological stability of mobile users in a P2P mobile cloud

In a P2P mobile cloud (PMC), an ad-hoc cloud is formed using the closely adjacent smart mobile devices (SMD). Here, a resource-deficient SMD user seeks its neighbouring resource-rich SMDs’ help to carry out a resource-wanting job. To maintain reliability and QoS of the PMC, it is necessary to be assured of the availability of the SMDs before submitting a job request. If the job is distributed to multiple SMDs, instead of assessing the availability of a single SMD, the availability of a group of SMDs is required for a certain period of time. The objective of the paper is to find a stable group of SMD users to increase the QoS of PMC. We aim to propose a novel mobility prediction method to assess the probability of a group of SMD users to be relatively static with respect to each other. We propose an algorithm to estimate the relative stability of an SMD with respect to its neighbourhood over a period of time, irrespective of its geographical location. We assess the short-term relative stability between a group of SMD users as well as the long-term mobility pattern between them. For mobility calculation, we have used real user traces from the UCSD dataset. The estimated results are analyzed and validated using different metrics.

Exploring the Determinants of Intention to Use P2P Mobile Payment in Spain

ABSTRACT Peer-to-peer (P2P) mobile payment is a mobile banking service with major growth potential. We contribute to the body of knowledge on technology adoption by proposing a conceptual model based on the theory of reasoned action, extended with additional mobile payment constructs identified in the literature review. The results show that usefulness, subjective norms, and personal innovativeness have a particularly strong, direct influence on intention to use.

Anchor Vertex Selection for Enhanced Reliability of Traffic Offloading Service in Edge-Enabled Mobile P2P Social Networks

As the rapid growth of mobile social networks, mobile peer-to-peer (P2P) communications and mobile edge computing (MEC) have been developed to reduce the traffic load and improve the computation capacity of cellular networks. However, the stability of social network is largely ignored in the advances of P2P and MEC, which is related to the social relations between users. It plays a vital role in improving the efficiency and reliability of traffic offloading service. In this paper, we integrate an edge node and the nearby P2P users as a mobile P2P social network and introduce the problem of adaptive anchored (k,r)-core to maintain the stability of multiple mobile P2P networks. It aims to adaptively select and retain a set of critical users for each network, whose participation is critical to overall stability of the network, and allocate certain resource for them so that the maximum number of users of all networks will remain engaged and the traffic of cellular network can be minimized. We called the retained users as anchor vertices. To address it, we devise a peer-edge-cloud framework to achieve the adaptive allocation of resources. We also develop a similarity based onion layers anchored (k,r)-core (S-OLAK) algorithm to explore the anchor vertices. Experimental results based on a real large-scale mobile P2P data set demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Improving peer coordination quality in mobile P2P networks considering peer awareness and group synchronization: Implementation and performance evaluation of two fuzzy-based systems

Improving peer coordination quality in mobile P2P networks considering peer awareness and group synchronization: Implementation and performance evaluation of two fuzzy-based systems