In order to handle the safety problems in mobile communication systems, a mobile identity authentication scheme based on QKD and IBE is proposed. First, the quantum key distribution technology is introduced to handle the safety problems between the private key generator and the cloud services. Next, the IBE algorithm is introduced to encrypt IMSI which makes the scheme more flexible and more efficient. Finally, the quantum time parameter is proposed to manage users’ secret key. Comparing with the existing schemes, the proposed scheme can make full use of the advantages of the QKD and IBE. The mobile identity authentication scheme based on QKD and IBE can be more safe and more efficient.