ABSTRACT The innovation of mobile financial services (MFS) is a crucial tool in the field of information and communications technology for development (ICT4D). This study investigates the impact of MFS on farmer entrepreneurship in rural China. The findings indicate that MFS adoption has a significantly positive effect on farmer entrepreneurship. However, these effects vary among farmers with different income levels. High-income farmers are most impacted by MFS adoption in terms of entrepreneurial revenue, whereas low-income farmers are most affected by MFS adoption in terms of entrepreneurial engagement and willingness. A significant and positive effect of MFS adoption on entrepreneurial profits is observed for high-income farmers, whereas the effect is insignificant for medium-income farmers. The findings suggest that researchers and policy-makers should pay greater attention to the heterogeneous effects of technology empowerment on rural development.
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