Mobile Ad Hoc Network System Research Articles

An infrastructure‐less emergency location detection system using basic cellular device‐to‐device connection

AbstractOne of the most time‐sensitive and critical tasks for first responders in the aftermath of a disaster is to locate people for effective and successful rescue operations. The existing solutions for large‐scale location detection of citizens depend on expensive equipment that may not be readily available in many urban areas and also cannot cover a vast area quickly. To address this challenge, the present study proposes a novel location estimation method by creating a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) using citizens' mobile phones. The proposed solution can accurately estimate the location of mobile devices in a MANET based on their Received Signal Strength (RSS) and communicate the estimated location coordinates to first responders without any dependencies on telecommunication infrastructures. This system will help first responders locate and map mobile devices in the affected area in a matter of seconds to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of postdisaster rescue operations. The envisioned solution offers unique capabilities that differentiate it from previously existing methods. The proposed method directly estimates device locations using their basic cellular signal strength without any dependency on GPS and relies only on basic cellphone signals. Therefore, nonsmartphones can also join and function in the envisioned MANET system. It also does not impose any computational operations or requirements for installing an app on citizens' phones. The performance of the proposed system was empirically evaluated using a simulation analysis. The results indicated that the method could efficiently and accurately discover more than 93% of mobile devices and estimate their locations.

Improved Digital Security Applications for Smart Card

With the rapid expansion of wireless networks and mobile computing applications, the quality of service (QoS) of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) has garnered growing attention. Ensuring QoS in a MANET system requires careful consideration of security issues. Attacks on a QoS distortion system without the protection of a security mechanism might result in subpar QoS performance, interference with resource use, or even failure of QoS provisioning. Traditional security measures cannot be applied because to the characteristics of MANET, which include limited processing and communication power and diversity of static topology. As a result, new security technologies are unavoidable. Nevertheless, not much research has been done on this subject. QoS and MANET system security are covered in this article. Consequently, the goal of this research is to create techniques for routinely evaluating security design reviews in order to make sure that all vulnerabilities, including security vulnerabilities, have been found, fixed, and their cause explained. Determine the system's fundamental security and protection needs by analyzing and determining its requirements. We create a network model using GloMoSim, specify node locations, communication features, and technology, and see if there are any vulnerabilities that could pose a security risk.

An Improved Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Routing on MANET

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a group of low-power consumption of wireless mobile nodes that configure a wireless network without the assistance of any existing infrastructure/centralized organization. The primary aim of MANETs is to extend flexibility into the self-directed, mobile, and wireless domain, in which a cluster of autonomous nodes forms a MANET routing system. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a tool that examines a network for malicious behavior/policy violations. A network monitoring system is often used to report/gather any suspicious attacks/violations. An IDS is a software program or hardware system that monitors network/security traffic for malicious attacks, sending out alerts whenever it detects malicious nodes. The impact of Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) in MANETs challenging blackhole attack is investigated in this research article. The Cluster Trust Adaptive Acknowledgement (CTAA) method is used to identify unauthorised and malfunctioning nodes in a MANET environment. MANET system is active and provides successful delivery of a data packet, which implements Kalman Filters (KF) to anticipate node trustworthiness. Furthermore, KF is used to eliminate synchronisation errors that arise during the sending and receiving data. In order to provide an energy-efficient solution and to minimize network traffic, route optimization in MANET by using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) technique to determine the optimal number of clustered MANET along with energy dissipation in nodes. According to the research findings, the proposed CTAA-MPSO achieves a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 3.3%. In MANET, the PDR of CTAA-MPSO improves CTAA-PSO by 3.5% at 30% malware.

Parallel Load Balancing and Over-lay Authentication System for Secure Industrial Network Communications

On one hand, being a highly self-establishing wireless network with dynamic topology, mobile adhocnetworks (MANET) are not constrained by limitations of fixed framework, and as a consequence,MANETs are now used increasingly in a wide range of fields. On the other hand, flexibility, the typicalnature of MANET, making all nodes in an uncontrolled environment. Every node despite itssituation is equal to have an opportunity to deal with route events causing an unstable performanceof the whole MANET system. To deal such an uncertain problem within any MANET system, thispaper presents a novel model called Parallel Load Balancing and Overlay authentication System forSecure Ad-hoc Communications. The model is designed to build up an over-layer to MANET systemwith those nodes in good condition, which is called strong peers in this paper and do the routejob to avoid some bad situation like route fail or authentication fail. Simulation results comparingMANET system with and without the help of over-layer are provided to demonstrate the proposedmodel suitability for secure ad-hoc communications.

Reliable Data Transmission Model for Mobile Ad Hoc Network Using Signcryption Technique

In recent years, the need for high security with reliability in the wireless network has tremendously been increased. To provide high security in reliable networks, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) play a top role, like open network boundary, distributed network, and fast and quick implementation. By expanding the technology, the MANET faces a number of security challenges due to self-configuration and maintenance capabilities. Besides, traditional security solutions for wired networks are ineffective and inefficient because of the nature of highly dynamic and resource-constrained MANETs. In this paper, the researchers focus on improving reliable data transmission with high security in the MANET using an optimization technique. In the proposed MANET system, the nodes are clustered by utilizing an energy-efficient routing protocol. Then, the modified discrete particle swarm optimization is used to select the optimal cluster head. A secured routing protocol and a signcryption model can be used to improve the transmission security of the reliable MANET. The signcryption algorithm encrypts the digital signature, which can enhance the overall efficiency and confidentiality. The security-based analysis is performed on the basis of packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, network lifetime, and throughput. Finally, the result demonstrates that the MANET with optimization techniques achieves a high transmission rate and improves the reliable data security.

Feature Reduction in MANET using Machine Learning Language

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less network. Therefore, MANET involves a selection of exact security schemes to notice the false entrance of the mischievous nodes. Along these lines, we require solid instrument to identify these pernicious nodes and to arrange ordinary and irregular nodes based on the conduct or performance of nodes. Machine learning system nowadays used to built a best IDS for recognizing exception or misbehaving nodes rapidly and precisely give grouping by watching conduct of those nodes in the system. In MANET system, numbers of parameters are taken for analysation. It makes the IDS system complex. To avoid this complexity many techniques are derived for feature reduction. In this proposed work, we are testing how feature reduction can be done using Python machine learning program.

Improvements in Aodv Routing Protocol using IPV6 and 802.11e in Manets

Development of IEEE 802.11e standard is a cost-efficient wireless technique for services and improves the QoS potentiality to wireless networks. It provides outstanding enhancement to multimedia communication which lead to gain vogue and overcome the significant challenges in reaching the up-marks of the applications related to multimedia. Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) face challenges with reference to QoS, limited bandwidth, mobility, limited battery power, routing and so on. These issues are raising due insufficient resources in MANETs, this leads to a difficulty in achieving marked QoS. AODV, QAODV, ZRP, DSDV, OLSR, etc., can be regarded as well known routing protocols of MANETs[1] The instigation of IPv6 has bought un-eliminating certainty with vital consequences, it’s very much essential to verify and examine the changes. In MANET and other Ad-hoc systems, the implementation of IPV6 brought good results in the all the moving nodes in different ways in distinct environments. In the present paper we examine Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector routing protocol (AODV) of MANET by including (Internet Protocol version) IPv6 and 802.11e implementation on OMINI network and ns2 for simulation. The performance level of routing protocol AODV is measured with relation to throughput, delay and packets loss. MANETs are very much benefited by new technology, it is most widely installed and utilized by wireless medias that belongs to IEEE-802.11 constructs. The work in proposed paper aims at the results related to the reciprocity of MANETs-Reactive routing protocols by considering the IPV6, IEEE 802.11e technique. This results in considerable improvements in terms of routing protocol properties and overheads are reduced due to enriched routing protocol.

Contemporary Compendium of Conventions (CCC) in MANET

Incessantly a self configuring network for mobile devices known as Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) are associated wirelessly .In significant networks, this design might perhaps enforce increased computational costs owing to the costly credentials chaining overheads that would not adapt for ad-hoc applications with increased nodes. Here a survey is carried out to express a view on the secure and authentic MANET systems. The literature reviewed is on different and diverse techniques of related to MANET systems. Reviews of 65 papers is presented and stated the significant analysis. At first the analysis depicts various attacks that are contributed in different papers. Subsequently ,various measures like security, cost, simulation time etc are also analyzed. It analyses the encryption method also that is exploited in each paper. This paper further gives an insight regarding the tools adapted ,chronological review and performance achievements in each case. At the end the review extended for the different research issues to investigate further research on secure and authentic MANET system.

Performance analysis of malicious node detection in MANET using ANFIS classification approach

Security threaten is the primary issue in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). The efficiency of the MANET system is affected by presence of malicious nodes. It is very difficult task to identify the malicious nodes from the trusty nodes in MANET system due to similar characteristics between malicious and trusty node. This paper proposes an efficient feature extraction based malicious node detection system using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) classification approach. In this paper, trust function features and service trust features are extracted from trusty and malicious nodes. These extracted features are trained and classified using ANFIS classifier. The performance of the proposed malicious node detection in MANET system is analyzed in terms of throughput, average packet loss ratio, energy consumption and detection ratio.

Mobility Aware Clustering Scheme with Bayesian-Evidence Trust Management for Public Key Infrastructure in Ad Hoc Networks

The autonomous nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are vulnerable to attacks ranging from passive to active, due to the dynamic mobility paradigm. Earlier, in order to handle this scalability issue; routing protocols were developed as a traditional solution that utilizes a flat organization to establish routes among the mobile nodes. However, the flat routing schemes present a static security restrains with single point dependency, which is inappropriate for MANET. Also, these security solutions failed to overcome certain drawbacks in managing a Public Key Infrastructure framework as: Nearest-Neighbour Search problem and cluster construction and maintenance complexities. Hence, an optimal hierarchical structure by overwhelming the drawbacks in the existing mechanisms should be regulated for solving the scalability problem in terms of topology control in MANET. In this paper, an efficient Hybrid Trust based Mobility Aware Clustering (HTMAC) strategy is proposed as the distributed trust based hierarchical solution for uncertain MANET system. Each node in the proposed scheme computes the trustworthiness of others with respect to the direct observations and recommendations, to develop a self-organized framework. To encounter challenges in node cooperation and security, hybrid trust computation is calculated in the proposed scheme. The originality of the proposed work combines clustering metrics with Voronoi hexagonal structure and Bayesian-Evidence trust management to predict the distributed security solution. Relevant simulation results demonstrate that our clustering model guarantees a secured and mobility-adaptive ad-hoc network with trustworthy mobile nodes. Thus the HTMAC scheme provides an efficient security solution that incorporate the promising features of clustering, Voronoi diagram and trust mechanisms.

Detection and Avoidance of Gray Hole Attack in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

A MANET (mobile ad hoc network) might be called as a base less dynamic system which is a bunch of autonomous number of mobile nodes that can speak with each other utilizing radio wave. It is a self-designing system, where less systems of cell phones are associated by wireless. The arrangement of wireless gadgets called wireless nodes, which consequently interface and exchange data. Each hub in a MANET is allowed to move autonomously, and will in this manner change its associations with different gadgets often; each must forward activity inconsequential to its own utilization, and along these lines be a switch. The MANET system empowers customers and servers to impart in a non-settled topology region and it’s utilized as a part of an assortment of utilizations and quickly developing systems .The technique used in the detection would increase the throughput and decrease the delay and packet loss. The method empowers our network strength and reliability.

Structured Peer-to-Peer overlay deployment on MANET: A survey

There are many common characteristics between Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlay networks and Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET). Self-organization, decentralization, dynamicity and changing topology are the most shared features. Furthermore, when used together, the two approaches complement each other. P2P overlays provide data storage/retrieval functionality, and their routing information can complement that of MANET. MANET provides wireless connectivity between clients without depending on any pre-existing infrastructure. The aim of this paper is to survey current P2P over MANET systems. Specifically, this paper focuses on and investigates structured P2P over MANET. Overall, more than thirty distinct approaches have been classified into groups and introduced in tables providing a structured overview of the area. The survey addresses the identified approaches in terms of P2P systems, MANET underlay systems and the performance of the reviewed systems.

Gateway Selection in MANET Based Integrated System: A Survey

Taking advantage of spontaneous and infrastructure⁃less behaviour, a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) can be integrated with various networks to extend communication for different types of network services. In the integrated system, to provide interconnection between different networks and provide data aggregation, the design of the gateway is vital. In some integrated networks with multiple gateways, proper gateway selection guarantees desirable QoS and optimization of network resource utilization. However, how to select gateway efficiently is still challenging in the integrated MANET systems with distributed behaviour terminals and limited network resources. In this paper, we examine gateway selection problem from different aspects including information discovery behaviour, selection criteria and decision-making entity. The benefits and drawbacks for each method are illustrated and compared. Based on the discussion, points of considerations are highlighted for future studies.

Design and evaluation of a peer-to-peer MANET crosslayer approach: OneHopOverlay4MANET

Peer-to-Peer overlay networks can be deployed over Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) to address content discovery issues. However, previous research has shown that deploying P2P systems straight over MANET do not exhibit satisfactory performance. Bandwidth limitation, limited resources and node mobility are some of the key constraints. OneHopOverlay4MANET exploits the synergies between MANET and P2P overlays through cross-layering. It combines Distributed Hash Table (DHT) based structured P2P overlays with MANET underlay routing protocols to achieve one logical hop between any pair of overlay nodes. In this paper, we present OneHopOverlay4MANET and evaluate its performance when combined with different underlay routing protocols. We evaluate OneHopOverlay4MANET with two proactive underlay (OLSR and BATMAN) and with three reactive underlay routing protocols (DSR, AODV and DYMO). Through simulation we show that the use of OLSR in OneHopOverlay4MANET yields the best performance. In addition, we compare the performance of the proposed system over OLSR to two recent structured P2P over MANET systems (MA-SP2P and E-SP2P) that adopted OLSR as the routing protocol. As simulation result shows, better performance can be achieved using OneHopOverlay4MANET.

SCIDR: A Scalable Cluster based Inter-Domain Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous MANET

The area of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) has already been a topic of attention from past decade among the research community owing to its potential communication advantages as well as issues associated with it. However, the cases of inter-domain routing in the MANET have challenges furthermore compared to conventional MANET system. Border gateway protocol cannot be applied to support interdomain routing in mobile ad-hoc network as it cannot support the dynamic behavior of MANET. Hence, the this paper proposes a novel technique called as SCIDR-Scalable Cluster based Inter-domain Routing that is meant exclusively for heterogeneous MANET system. SCIDR is designed on a totally different principle compared to standard CIDR protocol, where CSI-Channel State Information, as well as channel correlation factor, are introduced to leverage further outcomes. For the first time, extensive performance parameters are used to benchmark the proposed system that ensures effective scalability.

Exploiting content centric networking to develop topic-based, publish–subscribe MANET systems

Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) connect mobile wireless devices without an underlying communication infrastructure. Communications occur in a multi-hop fashion, using mobile devices as routers. Several MANET distributed applications require to exchange data (GPS position, messages, pictures, etc.) by using a topic-based publish–subscribe interaction. Participants of these applications can publish information items on a given topic (identified by a name) and can subscribe to a topic to receive the related published information. An efficient dissemination of publish–subscribe data in MANET environments demands for robust systems, able to face radio resource scarcity, network partitioning, frequent topology changes. Many MANET publish–subscribe systems have been proposed so far in the literature assuming an underlying TCP/IP network.In this paper, we discuss the benefits of building a MANET publish–subscribe system exploiting Content Centric Networking (CCN) technology, rather than TCP/IP. We show how CCN functionality, such as in-network caching and multicasting can be used to achieve an efficient and reliable data dissemination in MANET environments, including the support of delay tolerant delivery. We present different design approaches, describe our topic-based publish–subscribe CCN system, and report the results of a performance evaluation study carried out with real software in an emulated environment. The emulation environment is based on Linux virtual machines. The performance evaluation required also a CCN MANET routing engine, which we developed as a plug-in of the OLSR Linux daemon.

Performance enhancement of wireless mobile adhoc networks through improved error correction and ICI cancellation

Mobile adhoc network (MANET) refers to an arrangement of wireless mobile nodes that have the tendency of dynamically and freely self-organizing into temporary and arbitrary network topologies. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the foremost choice for MANET system designers at the Physical Layer due to its inherent property of high data rate transmission that corresponds to its lofty spectrum efficiency. The downside of OFDM includes its sensitivity to synchronization errors (frequency offsets and symbol time). Most of the present day techniques employing OFDM for data transmission support mobility as one of the primary features. This mobility causes small frequency offsets due to the production of Doppler frequencies. It results in intercarrier interference (ICI) which degrades the signal quality due to a crosstalk between the subcarriers of OFDM symbol. An efficient frequency-domain block-type pilot-assisted ICI mitigation scheme is proposed in this article which nullifies the effect of channel frequency offsets from the received OFDM symbols. Second problem addressed in this article is the noise effect induced by different sources into the received symbol increasing its bit error rate and making it unsuitable for many applications. Forward-error-correcting turbo codes have been employed into the proposed model which adds redundant bits into the system which are later used for error detection and correction purpose. At the receiver end, maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding algorithm is implemented using two component MAP decoders. These decoders tend to exchange interleaved extrinsic soft information among each other in the form of log likelihood ratio improving the previous estimate regarding the decoded bit in each iteration.

Neighbor Attack And Detection Mechanism In Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

In Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs), security is one of the most important concerns because a MANETs system is much more vulnerable to attacks than a wired or infrastructure-based wireless network. Designing an effective security protocol for MANET is a very challenging task. This is mainly due to the unique characteristics of MANETs, namely shared broadcast radio channel, insecure operating environment, lack of central authority, lack of association among users, limited availability of resources, and physical vulnerability. In this paper we present simulation based study of the impact of neighbor attack on mesh-based Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET). And also we study the number of attackers and position affects the performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio and throughput. The study enables us to propose a secure neighbor detection mechanism (SNDM). A generic detection mechanism against neighbor attack for On Demand Routing Protocols is simulated on GlomoSim environment.

Properties and mechanisms of self-organizing MANET and P2P systems

Despite the recent appearance of self-organizing distributed systems for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, specific theoretical aspects of both their properties and the mechanisms used to establish those properties have been largely overlooked. This has left many researchers confused as to what constitutes a self-organizing distributed system and without a vocabulary with which to discuss aspects of these systems. This article introduces an agent-based model of self-organizing MANET and P2P systems and shows how it is realised in three existing network systems. The model is based on concepts such as partial views, evaluation functions, system utility, feedback and decay. We review the three network systems, AntHocNet, SAMPLE, and Freenet, and show how they can achieve high scalability, robustness and adaptability to unpredictable changes in their environment, by using self-organizing mechanisms similar to those found in nature. They are designed to improve their operation in a dynamic, heterogeneous environment, enabling them to often demonstrate superior performance to state of the art distributed systems. This article is also addressed at researchers interested in gaining a general understanding of different mechanisms and properties of self-organization in distributed systems.