MnO2 Nanorods Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of rGO-Anchored MnO2 Nanorods and their Application in Supercapacitors as Electrode Material

Synthesis and Characterization of rGO-Anchored MnO2 Nanorods and their Application in Supercapacitors as Electrode Material

Rational design of α-MnO2@TiO2 composites for high-performance zinc ions batteries

Aqueous zinc ions batteries (AZIBs) have attracted widespread interest due to their remarkable energy density, non-toxicity, environmental friendliness and low cost. However, the application of MnO2 cathode materials for AZIBs is limited owing to the dissolution of Mn2+, structural collapse and intrinsic poor conductivity. Herein, α-MnO2@TiO2 composites were synthesized via simple hydrothermal and calcination approaches. Some smaller TiO2 were coated on the MnO2 nanorods to form the protective layer. The TiO2 protective layer not only prevents the dissolution of Mn2+ and structural collapse of MnO2, but also enhances the conductivity of the material due to the presence of Ti3+ defects, which increased electrode materials wettability, specific surface area and diffusion rate of Zn2+. In addition, the coating TiO2 causes surface adsorbed oxygen and surface binding defects in α-MnO2@TiO2, and increases surface reactivity and electrochemically active sites, which provides abundant channels and available insertion electrochemically active sites for H+/Zn2+ transport. As a result, α-MnO2@TiO2–2 delivers a high specific capacity of 182.90 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 600 cycles and outstanding rate capacity of 127.91 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. This work provides an idea for exploring high-performance cathode materials for AZIBs.

Synergetic effect of Fe decorated MnO2 nanocatalyst application in propane and benzyl alcohol oxidation

In heterogeneous catalysis, one of the key challenges is to develop inexpensive and abundant materials. Herein, spherically shaped α–Fe2O3 nanoparticles decorated over MnO2 nanorods surface (Fe/MnO2NRs) was synthesized via hydrothermal followed by co–precipitation methods. Experimental results indicated that the inclusion of Fe in MnO2NRs promotes a strong interaction that increases the reducibility of Mn4+ to Mn3+ and surface adsorbed oxygen (Oads.), which in turn increases the activation of surface oxygen on MnO2NRs. The 10 wt% Fe–loaded catalyst (10Fe/MnO2NRs) exhibited the highest catalytic activity. It was observed that oxidizing 10 % (T10), 50 % (T50), and 90 % (T90) of propane required temperatures of 140 °C, 180 °C, and 220 °C, respectively. This catalyst showed stability in H2O atmospheres and apparent activation energy as low as 52.54 kJ mol−1. In addition, the vapour phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BnOH) over different Fe–loaded MnO2NRs catalysts is investigated. The rate of BnOH oxidation over 10Fe/MnO2NRs catalyst is 1.71 times greater than bare MnO2NRs at 240 °C. The increased oxygen vacancies can improve the oxidation activity of propane and BnOH by facilitating the adsorption and activation of O2 to produce reactive oxygen species. This work offers a novel approach to increase manganese oxides surface oxygen activity, which can be used to create efficient catalysts for the low–temperature decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other organic functional group transformations via oxidation reaction.

Synergistic effect of Ru single atoms and MnO2 to boost oxygen reduction/evolution activity via strong electronic interaction

Ru-based single-atomic catalysts have shown great potential application in sustainable electrochemical energy conversion/storage devices. Herein Ru single atoms anchored on the surface of MnO2 nanorods (Ru SAs@MnO2) have been successfully constructed by a facile low-temperature solid-phase reaction, which has been confirmed by X-ray adsorption spectra. The synthesized Ru SAs@MnO2 catalyst exhibits a comparable ORR performance with half-wave potential of 0.83 V and a limiting current density of 7.1 mA cm−2 to commercial Pt/C, and high OER performance with the overpotential of 320 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculation results indicate that Mn sites and Ru sites of Ru SAs@MnO2 act as the catalytic ORR and OER sites, respectively, and the synergistic effect between Ru SAs and MnO2 contributes to the improved catalytic performance via strong electronic interaction. When assembled zinc-air batteries, a maximum power density 230.0 mW cm−2 could be delivered at 318.5 mA cm−2.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Coated Vanadium-Doped MnO2 Nanorods for High-Performance Flexible Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery Cathode.

Manganese-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered promising cathode materials for large-scale energy storage applications due to their low cost and high safety. However, the primary constraints on achieving high specific capacity and cycling stability are the inherent low conductivity and suboptimal structural stability of the AZIB cathodes. Herein, we report a high-performance poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-coated vanadium-doped MnO2 nanorod (NR) electrode for AZIBs. First, vanadium-doped MnO2 (V-MnO2) NRs were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal synthesis method. The V-MnO2 NRs were further encapsulated with a nanolayer of PEDOT through an in situ polymerization process, which was subsequently treated with sulfuric acid to achieve a smooth surface. The V doping creates oxygen vacancies within the MnO2, allowing for the rapid embedding and diffusion of Zn2+. The PEDOT nanolayer greatly enhances the conductivity and structural stability of the V-MnO2. Benefiting from the unique features, an optimal composite NRs electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 250 mAh g-1 at 0.4 A g-1, a high energy density (388 Wh kg-1 at 151 W kg-1), and excellent stability over 5000 cycles at 3 A g-1. In addition, the flexible pouch cell assembled with the electrode shows good stability under bending. Given the positive outcomes, the material holds great potential for use as a cathode in next-generation flexible energy storage systems.

Reduced dielectric loss of MXene/PVDF composites with adding MnO2 nanorods

To reduce the dielectric loss of MXene/PVDF composites near the percolation threshold, a MnO2/MXene hybrid structure was successfully synthesized via an ultrasonic-assisted solution process, and MnO2/MXene/PVDF composite films were prepared by a solution casting method. The effects of different amounts of MnO2 nanorods on the microstructure, thermal stability, dielectric properties and mechanical properties of the composite films were investigated. At 1 kHz, the dielectric constant of 7 wt% MnO2/MXene/PVDF is 37.3, and the dielectric loss is as low as 0.05. The electric modulus curve, Nyquist curve and equivalent analog circuit of the composites revealed strong interface polarization and microcapacitance effects in the composites. In addition, the composite films exhibit excellent mechanical properties, and the storage modulus of the composite film loaded with 10 wt% MnO2 is 1990.5 MPa, which is 3.44 times that of pure PVDF. This study confirms that incorporating MnO2 nanorods into MXene/PVDF composites is an effective approach for fabricating high-performance dielectric composites.

Fabrication of ZnCr2O4/MnO2 composite electrodes by sonication procedure for advanced symmetric supercapacitors

In order to develop advanced energy storage devices, it is necessary to manufacture supercapacitor electrode that have both long electrochemical cycle lifetimes and high energy densities. These properties can only be obtained by developing heterostructure pseudo-capacitive materials. The combination of MnO2 nanorods and ZnCr2O4 nanoparticles resulted in a synergistic effect, which increased the electroactive surface area for charge storage. This effect was not observed when each component utilized individually. The material ZnCr2O4 nanoparticles facilitated the MnO2 nanorods. In present study, ZnCr2O4, MnO2 and their composite was fabricated by simple sonication process. These fabricated samples were tested by using different techniques which includes X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman analysis, Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical analysis of fabricated materials exhibited an exceptional specific capacitance (Csp = 1175.35 F g−1), energy density (Ed = 15.95 Wh Kg−1) and power density (Pd = 869.4 W kg−1). These materials are anticipated to act as the support for electrochemical energy storage devices that utilize an ideal electrode structure, meticulously select the appropriate transition metal oxide (TMO) and analyse electrochemical characteristics for supercapacitive performance. This study exhibits the remarkable efficiency of the nanostructured ZnCr2O4/MnO2 electrode in supercapacitors with high energy density (Ed).

Microfibrous Carbon Paper Decorated with High-Density Manganese Dioxide Nanorods: An Electrochemical Nonenzymatic Platform of Glucose Sensing.

Nanorod structures exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio, enhancing the accessibility of electrolyte ions to the electrode surface and providing an abundance of active sites for improved electrochemical sensing performance. In this study, tetragonal α-MnO2 with a large K+-embedded tunnel structure, directly grown on microfibrous carbon paper to form densely packed nanorod arrays, is investigated as an electrocatalytic material for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. The MnO2 nanorods electrode demonstrates outstanding catalytic activity for glucose oxidation, showcasing a high sensitivity of 143.82 µA cm-2 mM-1 within the linear range from 0.01 to 15 mM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.282 mM specifically for glucose molecules. Importantly, the MnO2 nanorods electrode exhibits excellent selectivity towards glucose over ascorbic acid and uric acid, which is crucial for accurate glucose detection in complex samples. For comparison, a gold electrode shows a lower sensitivity of 52.48 µA cm-2 mM-1 within a linear range from 1 to 10 mM. These findings underscore the superior performance of the MnO2 nanorods electrode in both sensitivity and selectivity, offering significant potential for advancing electrochemical sensors and bioanalytical techniques for glucose monitoring in physiological and clinical settings.

Synthesis and electrochemical characterizations of RGO-decorated MnO2 nanorods/carbon cloth-based wearable symmetric supercapacitors

The current research explores a facile two-step method for fabricating flexible RGO-decorated MnO2 nanorod electrodes on a carbon cloth substrate, ideal for wearable energy storage devices. The strategy involves first depositing MnO2 nanorods on the carbon cloth utilizing a hydrothermal technique, followed by a simple ex-situ decoration with reduced graphene oxide by varying concentrations. Through comprehensive physical and electrochemical analyses, the impact of different concentrations of graphene oxide on the physical and electrochemical characteristics of MnO2 electrodes is thoroughly examined. Among the investigated concentrations of graphene oxide, the RGO-decorated MnO2 electrode featuring a 20 mg/100ml concentration of graphene oxide showcased the maximum specific capacitance reaching 1072.28 F/g at a 5 mV/sec in a 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Furthermore, this electrode demonstrated commendable long-term cycle stability, preserving over 87% of its original capacitance after enduring 2000 cycles of charge and discharge. A symmetric prototype supercapacitor device has been constructed to assess their practical utility utilizing symmetric electrodes and an aqueous electrolyte. This symmetric device exhibits promising electrochemical properties, underscoring the potential of the developed electrodes for real-world implementation. The remarkable structural, morphological, and electrochemical characteristic attributes of RGO-decorated MnO2 nanorods grown on the carbon cloth substrate position them as superior electrode materials tailored for the burgeoning realm of wearable energy storage devices, paving the way for advanced flexible and efficient energy storage solutions.

Enhanced Supercapacitor and Cycle-Life Performance: Self-Supported Nanohybrid Electrodes of Hydrothermally Grown MnO2 Nanorods on Carbon Nanotubes in Neutral Electrolyte.

Efficient and sustainable energy storage remains a critical challenge in the advancement of energy technologies. This study presents the fabrication and electrochemical evaluation of a self-supporting electrode material composed of MnO2 nanorods grown directly on a carbon paper and carbon nanotube (CNT) substrate using a hydrothermal method. The resulting CNT/MnO2 electrodes exhibit a unique structural architecture with a high surface area and a three-dimensional hierarchical arrangement, contributing to a substantial electrochemical surface area. Electrochemical testing reveals remarkable performance characteristics, including a specific capacitance of up to 316.5 F/g, which is 11 times greater than that of conventional CP/MnO2 electrodes. Moreover, the CNT/MnO2 electrodes demonstrate outstanding retention capacity, exhibiting a remarkable 165% increase over 10,000 cycles. Symmetric supercapacitor devices utilizing CNT/MnO2 electrodes maintain a large voltage window of 3 V and a specific capacitance as high as 200 F/g. These results underscore the potential of free-standing CNT/MnO2 electrodes to advance the development of high-performance supercapacitors, which can be crucial for efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions in various industrial and manufacturing applications.

Co-doped MnO2 nanorods with oxygen vacancies as anode for Li-ion battery

Co-doped MnO2 nanorods with oxygen vacancies as anode for Li-ion battery

Boosting photocatalytic performance of cubic Co2SnO4-MnO2@g-C3N5 ternary composites: Analysis of morphology, degradation ability of tetracycline hydrochloride and fragments pathway mechanism

The increasing prevalence of tetracycline contaminants poses a profound threat to biodiversity in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. To address this issue, the current study presents an innovative degradation approach using a ternary composite photocatalyst of Co2SnO4/MnO2 encapsulated with g-C3N5 synthesized via a hydrothermal method. This research describes the first report on the use of Co2SnO4/MnO2@g-C3N5 heterostructures for the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. A comprehensive characterization of the nanocomposites was performed using XRD, FTIR, SEM (including EDX and mapping), TEM, BET, XPS, and DRS-UV analyses, which confirmed their crystalline structure and revealed a morphology of Co2SnO4 nanocubes and MnO2 nanorods on the g-C3N5 layers. Photocatalytic experiments under visible light illumination showed that with an optimum catalyst loading of 40 mg/L and an initial tetracycline concentration of 5 μM, the composite achieved a degradation efficiency of 93.22 % within 75 min, following pseudo-first order kinetics. The degradation process was predominantly driven by hydroxyl radicals, as confirmed by scavenger studies. The reusability tests was confirmed the stability of the catalyst, which maintained high efficiency over four cycles. A degradation pathway was proposed based on LC-MS analysis of the reaction intermediates. This study confirms that Co2SnO4/MnO2@g-C3N5 composites (ratio 50:30:20) outperform comparative photocatalysts under similar conditions, providing a viable and environmentally benign solution for tetracycline remediation in wastewater.

High-Performance Battery-Type Supercapacitors Based on Self-Oriented Growth of Nanorods/Nanospheres Composite Assembled on Self-Standing Conductive GO/CNF Frameworks.

MnOx-based materials have limited capacity and poor conductivity over various voltages, hampering their potential for energy storage applications. This work proposes a novel approach to address these challenges. A self-oriented multiple-electronic structure of a 1D-MnO2-nanorod/2D-Mn2O3-nanosphere composite was assembled on 2D-graphene oxide nanosheet/1D-carbon nanofiber (GO/CNF) hybrids. Aided by K+ ions, the MnO2 nanorods were partially converted to Mn2O3 nanospheres, while the GO nanosheets were combined with CNF through hydrogen bonds resulting in a unique double binary 1D-2D mixed morphology of MnO2/Mn2O3-GO/CNF hybrid, having a novel mechanism of multiple Mn ion redox reactions facilitated by the interconnected 3D network. The morphology of the MnO2 nanorods was controlled by regulating the potassium ion content through a rinsing strategy. Interestingly, pure MnO2 nanorods undergo air-annealing to form a mixture of nanorods and nanospheres (MnO2/Mn2O3) with a distinct morphology indicating pseudocapacitive surface redox reactions involving Mn2+, Mn3+, and Mn4+. In the presence of the GO/CNF framework, the charge storage properties of the MnO2/Mn2O3-GO/CNF composite electrode show dominant battery-type behavior because of the unique mesoporous structure with a crumpled morphology that provides relatively large voids and cavities with smaller diffusion paths to facilitate the accumulation/intercalation of charges at the inner electroactive sites for the diffusion-controlled process. The corresponding specific capacity of 800 C g-1 or 222.2 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 and remarkable cycling stability (95%) over 5000 cycles at 3 A g-1 were considerably higher than those of the reported electrodes of similar materials. Moreover, a hybrid supercapacitor device is assembled using MnO2/Mn2O3-GO/CNF as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, which exhibits a superior maximum energy density (∼25 Wh kg-1) and maximum power density (∼4.0 kW kg-1). Therefore, the as-synthesized composite highlights the development of highly active low-cost materials for next-generation energy storage applications.

The rational design of Fe2O3@MnO2 derived from Fe[Fe(CN)6]∙4H2O as negative electrode for asymmetric supercapacitor

Metal–organic frameworks (MOF)-derived nanomaterial have shown great promise as a supercapacitor anode materials. In this work, we successfully synthesized a novel Fe2O3@MnO2 composite with core–shell by hydrothermal techniques. MnO2 nanorods decorated on the Fe2O3 nanoparticles which was direct pyrolysis of Fe-PBA can combine of advantages of Fe2O3 and evenly dispersed MnO2 to obtain an ultra-wide voltage window of −1.1 V - 0.4 V and an excellent specific capacitance of 449 F g−1. The further constructed NiCo-LDH/rGO//Fe2O3@MnO2 asymmetric supercapacitor achieves a high energy density of 33.4 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 800 W kg−1 and a capacity retention of more than 75 % after 10,000 cycle tests. This study not only corroborates the considerable potential of Fe2O3@MnO2 as anode material for supercapacitors, but also offers a novel approach to the design of asymmetric supercapacitors, which will facilitate the advancement of supercapacitor technology towards higher energy density and longer lifetime.

Carbon dioxide-activated mesoporous date palm fronds carbon integrated with MnO2/polyaniline for highly efficient capacitive deionization of water.

The continuous population growth and drying up the freshwater reservoirs around the world are increasing the demand for fresh water. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore newer technologies able to purify water on large scales for human usage. Capacitive deionization is one of the most promising approaches to generate fresh water by the removal of salt ions from brackish water. In this work, we prepared three different capacitive deionization electrodes using carbonized palm tree fronds (PFC). These PFC activation was achieved using CO2 at 900°C. To generate the deionization electrodes, PFC activated carbon was combined with either polyaniline (PANI), MnO2, or both (PFC-PANI, PFC-MnO2, and PFC-MnO2-PANI). The MnO2 and PANI provided additional functionality and enhanced electrical conductivity, which resulted in much higher Na+ and Cl- ions adsorption. The BET surface area of PFC-MnO2-PANI was estimated to be 208.56 m2/g, which is approximately three times that of PCF-PANI and PFC-MnO2 alone. The morphological analysis showed that the PANI and MnO2 nanorods were well dispersed throughout the PFC network. Although PANI and MnO2 is largely embedded inside the PFC network, some remnants are visible on the surface of the electrodes. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves showed capacitive behavior of all electrodes in which PFC-MnO2-PANI showed highest specific capacitance of 84 F/g, while the PFC-MnO2 and PFC-PANI showed 42 and 43 F/g, respectively. Owing to its enhanced functionality and CV characteristics, the PFC-MnO2-PANI showed maximum salt adsorption capacity of 10.5mg/g in contrast to 3.72 and 5.64 mg/g for PFC-MnO2 and PFC-PANI, respectively. Moreover, the measured contact angle for PFC-MnO2-PANI was ~51°, which indicates the hydrophilic nature of electrode that improved ions adsorption. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Date tree fronds were converted into mesopores carbon using CO2 as activation agent. Three composites were prepared with PANI, MnO2, and date palm fronds activated carbon (PFC-MnO2, PFC-MnO2-PANI, and PFC-PANI). Surface area, pore profile, surface morphology, electrochemical behavior, desalination performance, and hydrophilicity of all the electrodes were investigated. The PFC-MnO2-PANI showed maximum salt adsorption capacity of 10.5mg/g in contrast to 3.72 and 5.64 mg/g for PFC-MnO2 and PFC-PANI, respectively.

Surface engineering on MnO2 nanorods by La single atoms to accelerate oxygen reduction kinetics

Surface engineering on MnO2 nanorods by La single atoms to accelerate oxygen reduction kinetics

Inverted loading strategy regulates the Mn–OV–Ce sites for efficient fenton-like catalysis

Regulating interfacial active sites to improve peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation efficiency is a hot topic in the heterogeneous catalysis field. In this study, we develop an inverted loading strategy to engineer asymmetric Mn–OV–Ce sites for PMS activation. Mn3O4@CeO2 prepared by loading CeO2 nanoparticles onto Mn3O4 nanorods exhibits the highest catalytic activity and stability, which is due to the formation of more oxygen vacancies (OV) at the Mn–OV–Ce sites, and the surface CeO2 layer effectively inhibits corrosion by preventing the loss of manganese ion active species into the solution. In situ characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) studies have revealed effective bimetallic redox cycles at asymmetric Mn–OV–Ce active sites, which promote surface charge transfer, enhance the adsorption reaction activity of active species toward pollutants, and favor PMS activation to generate (•OH, SO4•−, O2•− and 1O2) active species. This study provides a brand-new perspective for engineering the interfacial behavior of PMS activation.

Asymmetric supercapacitors based on biomass-derived porous activated carbon (PAC)/1D manganese oxide (MnO2) electrodes with high power and energy densities

In this study, we present the electrochemical performance of an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) composed of one-dimensional manganese oxide (MnO2) nanorods embedded in porous activated carbon sheets (MnO2/PAC) as the positive electrode (positrode), and renewable porous activated carbon (PAC) as the negative electrode (negatrode). This configuration facilitates a high rate of charge/discharge while maintaining substantial specific capacity. The MnO2/PAC composite was successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal technique, while the PAC material was produced through pyrolysis reaction. The MnO2/PAC composite exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 208.75F g−1 at 0.5 A/g and demonstrated a cyclic stability of 87.43 % in neutral aqueous electrolytes. This notable electrochemical performance is attributed to the significant contribution of the high pseudo-capacitance offered by dense MnO2 nanorods, in addition to the expansive surface area of the activated carbon sheets with closely packed structures. The ASC constructed as PAC//MnO2/PAC displayed a high energy density of 23.3 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 350.4 W kg−1 at a current density of 0.5 A/g. Furthermore, the device showcased exceptional cycling stability, retaining 90.3 % at a current density of 4 A/g. These results underscore the substantial untapped potential of ASC devices for innovative applications in advanced energy storage.

Degradation of phenol and sulfamethoxazole with persulfate and ozone with nano‐MnO2–biochar composites

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, nano‐MnO2–biochar composites were synthesized as catalysts to promote the oxidation of recalcitrant organic contaminants. MnO2 nanoparticles coated on biochar were hypothesized to enhance the oxidation of phenol and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) using ozone and/or persulfate.RESULTSThe optimal percentage of MnO2 coating on the surface of biochar was determined, and the synthesis of nano‐MnO2‐coated biochar was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction and EDS line mapping analyses. Compared with oxidation using ozone or persulfate in the presence of either nano‐MnO2 or biochar, the synthesized nano‐MnO2–biochar composite markedly enhanced the oxidation of phenol and SMX. This was probably due to the spreading of MnO2 nanorods on the surface of biochar and the synergistic involvement of nano‐MnO2 and biochar as catalysts. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the involvement of Mn3+ in MnO2 to promote oxidation using ozone or persulfate. The coexistence of ozone and persulfate could also promote oxidation. Hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and persulfate radicals (SO4−•) were major reactive oxygen species for ozone and persulfate systems, respectively.CONCLUSIONResults suggest that the synthesized nano‐MnO2–biochar composites may be effective catalysts for various types of advanced oxidation processes in environmental remediation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Designing MnO2@amorphous carbon core-shell structure as a cathode to enhance rate performance and cycling stability of aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Manganese dioxide has received significant attention as a prospective cathode material in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) owing to its elevated working voltage and commendable energy density. Nevertheless, challenges such as structural instability, manganese dissolution, and poor electrical conductivity remain significant barriers to the practical application of research. Here, the MnO2 nanorods encapsulated in the amorphous carbon (MnO2@C) with core-shell structure are prepared by a special hard template method, and investigated as cathode materials for ZIBs. The amorphous carbon, characterized by its structural defects and disorder, manifests heightened active site density, thereby establishing an efficient conduit for charge transport. Concurrently, the nano-dimensional interstitial spaces augment the active sites available for zinc insertion reactions, thereby effectively curtailing the ion diffusion path and, consequently, engendering heightened electrochemical performance. Moreover, the distinctive core-shell architecture of MnO2@C not only furnishes substantial spatial accommodation but also serves to alleviate volume alterations throughout charge and discharge events. Consequently, MnO2@C demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance, with reversible capacities of 210 mAh·g−1 and 50 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1 and 1.6 A·g−1, respectively. Furthermore, even after 600 cycles at 0.8 A·g−1, it maintains exceptional cycling performance, reaching 102 mAh·g−1, endowing MnO2@C cathodes with robust competitiveness in aqueous ZIBs.