ABSTRACT Recollecting memories is intrinsically linked to collecting things. In this article, we focus on this material dimension of remembrance. Drawing on a historical-ethnographic investigation of Rapanui material entities - books, carvings, photographs - that are often housed in archival-museum collections, and their agency and efficacy – their effect upon human affairs through circulation – we suggest that books, carvings and photographs, in their Rapanui manifestation, enable recollection and recollect in themselves, thus doing hakaara (genealogical) work. They operate as mnemonic devices that facilitate the enactment and perpetuation of memories and genealogical relationships. We focus in on the genealogical reckoning spurred when material entities are lifted out of their archival-museum infrastructure, e.g. by digital and virtual means, and permitted to (re)enter the organic fabric of social life, arguing that this is what the museum as archive should do.

As droughts become more common due to climate change, plant survival may rely not only on its immediate response but also on what it has learned from past challenges. However, we still know little about how plants integrate different types of experiences, such as recurrent drought and hormonal cues, from previous generations. In this study, we examined whether clonal offspring of a grass species, Festuca rubra, previously exposed to drought, stress hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA), or their combination inherited biological memories that help them tolerate new drought stress. We combined untargeted LC-MS metabolomics with morpho-physiological measurements to evaluate these memory effects. We found that each type of memory changed plant metabolism and physiology, but the most notable changes occurred when both memories were present, and plants faced recurrent drought conditions again. This interaction between drought memory, MeJA memory, and current stress did not just add effects; it created entirely new metabolic responses, not seen in any single treatment. These combined memories fine-tuned water conservation, photosynthesis, and extensive metabolomic reshuffling, revealing a deeper level of drought resilience. Our results uncover a layered memory system in plants where past stresses do not act in isolation but interact to reshape future responses. This offers new insight into how plants prepare for stress and suggests practical strategies for priming drought tolerance across plant generations.

Previous research indicates that couples can experience 'collaborative facilitation', overcoming the typical memory inhibition seen in other groups. However, there are a range of potential mechanisms for this effect, and the role of personalised and distinctive cue content in facilitating recall has not been directly tested. We aimed to examine how cues provided by a romantic partner are similar or different to those provided by a stranger. Across two experiments involving a word list recall task, we compared the qualities and effectiveness of self-generated, partner-generated, and stranger-generated cues. Results showed that partner-generated cues were more idiosyncratic and personalized than those from strangers, resembling self-generated cues. In Experiment 1, we found that partner-generated cues were significantly more effective than stranger-generated cues in supporting recall performance. In Experiment 2, the perceived source of the cues influenced their effectiveness, highlighting the interplay of content and context. These findings suggest that the cues that couples provide for each other canenhance memory performance, offering personalised cue content as a potential mechanism for the theorised benefits of transactive memory systems in established groups.

Background High-bandwidth memory (HBM) systems face persistent data transfer bottlenecks, particularly when CPUs are unable to supply data to GPUs at a sufficient rate. This limitation reduces overall computational efficiency and highlights the need for improved cache management strategies. Methods: Markov Chains represented transitions between frequently accessed memory blocks, enabling predictive sequencing of data needs. A neural network was then applied to model and optimise these Markov transitions, improving cache prefetching accuracy and further optimising data movement techniques. Results & Conclusions: The combined use of Markov-based memory modelling, NN optimisation, and supplementary data transfer techniques demonstrates strong potential to mitigate CPU–GPU bandwidth limitations. Together, these methods offer more efficient cache utilization and reduced bottlenecks in high-demand computational environments.

This study investigates whether a multimedia mnemonic intervention, designed with cognitive and information design principles, improves the retention of irregular English verbs among adult ESL learners. Using a within-subject pre-post design, participants completed two identical Wordwall memory tests (15 multiple-choice items) separated by a minimum 24-hour interval. Between tests, learners viewed a 5 min 10 s edited music video based on The Beatles’ A Day in the Life, enriched with visual cues to support semantic encoding and dual coding. From 26 volunteers initially contacted, 24 participants (B2-C1; ages 25-55) completed both tests and were analyzed. Mean error rates decreased from 32% to 24% (25% relative reduction), with stronger gains in the in-person subgroup (35% to 20%) than in the remote subgroup (31% to 25%). Mean completion time also decreased from 3:33 to 2:20 (34.3% reduction). These results suggest that well-designed audiovisual mnemonics, combined with an accessible testing interface, can support short-term retention and fluency in irregular-verb learning. Limitations include a small convenience sample and the absence of delayed follow-up beyond 24 hours, which future studies should address.

Writing the early history of Arunachal Pradesh presents particular challenges because most indigenous communities of the region did not maintain written records prior to the colonial period. Consequently, historical understanding has relied largely on colonial administrative documents, travel accounts, and ethnographic studies produced by outsiders. While these sources are valuable, they often reflect external viewpoints and provide only partial insights into local societies. This paper examines the significance of oral narratives as historical sources for reconstructing the pre-literate past of Arunachal Pradesh. Drawing upon myths, legends, migration narratives, clan genealogies, ritual chants, and folk songs preserved among indigenous communities, it argues that oral traditions function as organised systems of historical memory rather than as mere folklore. Using insights from oral history scholarship and an interdisciplinary approach, the study discusses both the possibilities and limitations of oral narratives. It suggests that incorporating oral traditions is essential for developing a more inclusive, community-centred, and decolonised understanding of the region’s past.

The triadic regime of Sparse Artificial Intelligence (S-AI-AntiHallucination) extends the binary model of governed parsimony by introducing a hormonally regulated clarification phase between response and abstention. It bridges the epistemic gap between uncertainty and silence, stabilizing reasoning and improving factual reliability through metacognitive control. A five-dimensional hormonal vector governs the interaction between uncertainty, coherence, contradiction, reliability, and clarification. The Clarification Hormone (CL) orchestrates intermediate introspection, while triadic hysteresis policies ensure stable transitions among response, clarification, and abstention. A small-scale simulation was conducted on a synthetic dataset representing conversational reasoning scenarios. The integrated memory system consolidates clarified reasoning and decays unresolved hallucinations, enabling endogenous self-governance. The triadic S-AIAntiHallucination framework establishes a metacognitive stabilization layer where clarification becomes an intrinsic property of reasoning. By harmonizing hormonal regulation, symbolic control, and adaptive memory, it advances the development of frugal, explainable, and ethically grounded artificial intelligence.

Humans achieve stable and dexterous object manipulation by coordinating grasp forces across multiple fingers and palms, facilitated by a unified tactile memory system in the somatosensory cortex. This system encodes and stores tactile experiences across skin regions, enabling the flexible reuse and transfer of touch information. Inspired by this biological capability, we present GenForce, the first framework that enables transferable force sensing across diverse tactile sensors in robotic hands. GenForce unifies tactile signals into shared marker representations, analogous to cortical sensory encoding, allowing force prediction models trained on one sensor to be transferred to others without the need for exhaustive force data collection. We demonstrate that GenForce generalizes across both homogeneous sensors with varying configurations and heterogeneous sensors with distinct sensing modalities and material properties. This transferable force sensing capability is also demonstrated in robot manipulation tasks including daily-object grasping, slip detection and compensation with multi-sensor force coordination. Our results highlight a scalable paradigm for cross-sensor robotic tactile sensing, offering new pathways toward adaptable and tactile memory-driven robot manipulation in unstructured environments.

ABSTRACT Simulationism is a theory of memory frequently associated with continuism – the view that memory and imagination are not fundamentally different. A prominent argument advanced by simulationists in favor of continuism appeals to the hypothesis that memory and imagination are underpinned by the same episodic construction system. Drawing on empirical and philosophical work that challenges the explanatory power of this hypothesis and instead posits a specialized episodic memory system, I argue that simulationism should reject continuism in favor of discontinuism – the view that memory and imagination are fundamentally different. While some may be skeptical about the very possibility of discontinuist simulationism, I contend that this theory is worthy of serious consideration. Discontinuist simulationism offers a novel perspective on the relationship between memory and imagination and accounts for genuine remembering in terms of the reliability of an episodic memory system that prioritizes firsthand information to simulate events in the personal past, without requiring an appropriate causal connection to past events.

Light-responsive polymeric particles provide a versatile platform that can undergo precisely programmed shape and color transformations, offering opportunities for advanced multi-level memory systems. We report a block copolymer (BCP) particle system that functions as a structural memory element by reversibly switching among distinct morphologies and retaining each state with long-term stability. The incorporation of hydrazone-based photoswitches into polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) particles enables reversible and light-programmed transformations, governed by (E)/(Z) isomerization under dual-wavelength irradiation at 410 and 365nm. The photoisomerization modulates the charge-transfer character of the N─Br interaction within P2VP domains, yielding three well-defined and distinct morphologies: lamellar ellipsoids (dark), networked lamellae (410nm), and surface-wrapped discs (365nm). These photoinduced morphologies can be reversibly switched over multiple cycles without detectable fatigue. Importantly, each programmed state persists as a metastable configuration over 30 days in the dark, retaining > 97% of its original morphology. Furthermore, the incorporation of domain-selective fluorescent dyes enables the system to provide real-time, color-coded visual readout of its encoded states via Förster resonance energy transfer modulation, opening new avenues for multi-level data storage with direct optical access.

Deeper into dissociative Amnesia: A perspective from Higher-Order theories of consciousness.

Sleep plays a role in memory consolidation, with slow oscillations (SO) and sleep spindles (SP) in non-rapid eye movement sleep being central to this process. While closed-loop auditory stimulation of slow oscillations has been well studied, precise real-time targeting of individual sleep spindles to assess their memory impact has remained technically challenging. This study investigates the effects of SO and SP stimulation, plus delayed stimulation (450 ms after spindle detection), on neurophysiology and declarative, procedural, and complex memory consolidation. Healthy young adults (N = 102) engaged in simple declarative and procedural learning tasks, plus a complex piano task requiring integrated use of multiple memory systems. Participants were randomly assigned to five groups (~20 each): wake control, undisturbed sleep, slow oscillation stimulation, immediate spindle stimulation, or delayed spindle stimulation. Results confirmed successful modulation of sleep neurophysiology. However, behavioural outcomes were complex: regardless of condition, declarative memory declined, motor sequence learning improved, and piano performance varied. Follow-up analyses showed modest links between evoked spindle activity and some tasks, while evoked SO strength had no clear relationship with performance change, highlighting behavioural outcome variability.

This article analyzes the main stages in the history of the scientific study of proverbs as well as modern paremiological approaches. It highlights the formation of paremiology as an independent scholarly field beginning from the 19th century and examines the contributions of such scholars as Karl F. V. Wander, V. Dal, Archer Taylor, R. Norrick, and A. Prahlad to the study of proverbs. The article also discusses the scientific views of Wolfgang Mieder and Lutz Röhrich in contemporary paremiology, the concept of the “paremiological minimum,” and the functional significance of proverbs in social life. Proverbs are interpreted as important expressions of national mentality, cultural memory, and axiological value systems. Special attention is given to proverbs related to family relations and values, which are analyzed from a linguocultural perspective, revealing their educational and social importance.

The introduction of foundational models, specifically large language models, has promised a health care transformation. However, the field is rapidly evolving toward autonomous agent systems, defined as AI entities that perceive and react to their environment to achieve specific goals-representing a paradigm shift from passive information retrieval to proactive, goal-oriented clinical assistance. Agentic AI systems transcend static knowledge limitations through core capabilities including persistent memory systems that maintain context across patient encounters, knowledge retrieval tools connecting to medical repositories through retrieval-augmented generation techniques, and computer use functionality enabling navigation of clinical software interfaces. Agentic workflows introduce sophisticated coordination mechanisms including hierarchical, collaborative, and sequential patterns demonstrating superior performance compared with single-agent approaches. Multiagent systems can autonomously coordinate entire clinical workflows across the entire radiology lifecycle, from preacquisition protocol optimization through initial image analysis, specialized tool deployment, and preliminary report generation. However, successful clinical deployment requires systematic consideration of complexity thresholds, economic sustainability, cybersecurity frameworks, bias mitigation strategies, and appropriate governance structures. Critical challenges include managing the probabilistic nature of underlying models within deterministic clinical workflows, ensuring adequate human supervision, and preventing overcomplication of established processes. A structured four-phase implementation roadmap addresses these considerations through incremental progression from low-risk automation to comprehensive workflow orchestration while maintaining rigorous safety standards. As foundation models advance and interoperability standards mature, agentic AI will reshape radiology practice paradigms. Success depends on resolving stakeholder responsibility questions while orchestrating technological capabilities with clinical accountability, ensuring autonomous systems augment rather than replace professional judgment in pursuit of improved patient outcomes. ©RSNA, 2026.

Biological signals, including neurological signals, are vital for medicine, security, and interface technologies. Their complexity requires high-connectivity and high-performance memory systems, making neuromorphic synaptic devices essential. Inorganic three-terminal devices offer excellent weight linearity and enable back-propagation but lack flexibility due to their rigid structure. Organic counterparts are flexible but suffer from poor reliability and limited bandgap tunability. To overcome these limitations, this study developed a band-engineered charge trap memory (BE-CTM) device using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), a low-temperature process that enables the formation of uniform hybrid organic-inorganic dielectric layers with a nanometer-scale thickness (≤10 nm) and tunable composition. This hybrid structure combines the mechanical flexibility of organics with the electrical robustness of inorganics, making it ideal for flexible neuromorphic applications. Electrical and reliability tests under biologically relevant voltage pulses confirmed excellent synaptic weight linearity and operational stability under flexible conditions. System-level simulations further demonstrated the device's neuromorphic capability, achieving 93.4% recognition accuracy for handwritten data and 95.8% for noisy images. ECG classification using an MLP model also maintained high accuracy with minimal conductance updates. These results highlight the BE-CTM device's potential for next-generation neuromorphic and biometric information processing.

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), especially the widespread adoption of large language models (e.g., ChatGPT), the role of AI in team collaboration is undergoing profound transformation. Prior research suggests that improvements in team effectiveness largely depend on the knowledge complementarity among team members and the development of shared mental models. However, the underlying mechanisms through which these factors operate in human–AI teams remain insufficiently understood. Grounded in shared mental model theory and transactive memory system theory and informed by a cognitive complementarity framework within human–AI teams, this study develops a cognitive mechanism model for team collaboration. A 2 (team type: human–human vs. human–AI) × 2 (knowledge complementarity: high vs. low) × 2 (team climate: positive vs. negative) between-subjects experimental design was used to examine how knowledge complementarity affects team effectiveness and member satisfaction via shared mental models, with a focus on moderating effects. A total of 128 participants were recruited to complete a collaborative promotional writing task with the theme “modern communication of classical Western artistic ideals.” The participants co-created a promotional text (within 300 words) with either a human teammate or an AI system powered by the DeepSeek architecture. The results indicate that in human–AI teams, high levels of knowledge complementarity significantly enhance both team effectiveness and member satisfaction. Shared mental models serve as a mediating mechanism, and a positive team climate further amplifies these effects. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of cognitive structures in human–AI interactions and offer theoretical and practical guidance for the deployment of large language models in collaborative tasks.

ABSTRACT Individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) frequently report pronounced cognitive difficulties, yet the empirical literature has not fully characterised how discrete components of working memory are affected. Given that working memory serves as a foundational system supporting complex cognitive processes, differentiating performance across verbal and visual modalities provides critical insight into which higher-order functions may be most vulnerable. This systematic review/meta-analysis aimed to synthesise current research to investigate how ME/CFS impacts working memory systems. Using PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of 6 databases was undertaken (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO). Initially, 10 574 papers were imported and following screening 34 studies of good to strong quality met the inclusion criteria. A series of random effects models were utilised to analyse working memory. Results indicated a significant difference and large effect size between ME/CFS individuals and controls on verbal working memory tasks; however, no significant difference in visual working memory performance was found between the groups. Following the breakdown of these subsystems into span/attentional control tasks and object/spatial tasks, these results remained consistent. These findings contribute to the body of ME/CFS research by articulating where specific working memory deficits lie. Specifically, they show that individuals with ME/CFS have impaired verbal memory performance. This knowledge can guide future research targeting higher-order verbal cognition and underscores the importance of recognising cognitive manifestations within ME/CFS clinical care.

Mapping assistive technologies along the progression of Alzheimer's disease: A scoping review.

Extinction memories: putting learning into context.

Forming an episodic memory requires binding together disparate elements that co-occur in a single experience. One model of this process is that neurons representing different components of a memory bind to an 'index' - a subset of neurons unique to that memory. Evidence for this model has recently been found in chickadees, which use hippocampal memory to store and recall locations of cached food. Chickadee hippocampus produces sparse, high-dimensional patterns ('barcodes') that uniquely specify each caching event. Unexpectedly, the same neurons that participate in barcodes also exhibit conventional place tuning. It is unknown how barcode activity is generated, and what role it plays in memory formation and retrieval. It is also unclear how a memory index (e.g. barcodes) could function in the same neural population that represents memory content (e.g. place). Here, we design a biologically plausible model that generates barcodes and uses them to bind experiential content. Our model generates barcodes from place inputs through the chaotic dynamics of a recurrent neural network and uses Hebbian plasticity to store barcodes as attractor states. The model matches experimental observations that memory indices (barcodes) and content signals (place tuning) are randomly intermixed in the activity of single neurons. We demonstrate that barcodes reduce memory interference between correlated experiences. We also show that place tuning plays a complementary role to barcodes, enabling flexible, contextually appropriate memory retrieval. Finally, our model is compatible with previous models of the hippocampus as generating a predictive map. Distinct predictive and indexing functions of the network are achieved via an adjustment of global recurrent gain. Our results suggest how the hippocampus may use barcodes to resolve fundamental tensions between memory specificity (pattern separation) and flexible recall (pattern completion) in general memory systems.